1 . Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades. Traditional tobacco products such as cigarettes, have been linked to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart disease and respiratory (呼吸的) disorders. The burning process of cigarettes releases harmful chemicals and poisons including tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine, a highly addictive substance.
According to a survey, 78.3% of smokers start smoking before age 20. To prevent young people from smoking and impacting their health, every kind of related product is firmly controlled by departments concerned.
The countless downsides to smoking should give smokers pause and encourage them to quit. Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of previously mentioned diseases. It can also improve your appearance. Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth while quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath. Smoking even dulls your senses of taste and smell. By stopping tobacco use, your senses recover, leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and drinks.
Unfortunately, quitting tobacco isn’t easy. Most people will encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as cravings (渴望), anger and difficulty concentrating. Supportive social environments, coping strategies and professional help are necessary for overcoming these troubles and living a smoke - free life.
Most importantly, make a plan and stick to it when you’ re ready to quit. For instance, avoid situations associated with smoking. Find alternatives or distractions like exercise or hobbies to take your mind off it. In terms of mental aspects, stay positive and energetic and celebrate small victories. Remind yourself often of why you want to quit. In the end, you’ll be healthier and glad you did!
1. What is applied to prevent youth smoking according to the text?| A．Complete prohibition. | B．Frequent education. |
| C．Close observation. | D．Strict regulation. |
| A．By describing experiences. | B．By making assumptions. |
| C．By illustrating results. | D．By providing statistics. |
| A．Awareness and exercises. | B．Assistance and positivity. |
| C．Support and concentration. | D．Measures and determination. |
| A．Improve Your Life | B．Quit Playing “Fire” |
| C．“Burn” Your Cravings | D．Cease Taking Risks |
1. b
2. a
3. w
4. i
5. p
6. a
7. c
8. e
9. p
10. a
3 . The diversity of Australian animals in NSW national parks is extraordinary. Some common species can be found across a range of parks, while others are endemic (特有的) to a specific area. Our national parks are also important shelters for threatened animals, many found nowhere else in the world. The following are some examples.
Albert’s lyrebird
The Albert’s lyrebird is much rarer than the superb lyrebird. Distinguished by its richer brown feather and less delicate tail feathers, it’s protected as a threatened species in NSW.
Cumberland Plain land snail
The endangered Cumberland Plain land snail is only found on the Cumberland Plain, west of Sydney. During drought it digs deep into the soil to escape severe conditions. Its brown shell is thin and fragile (脆弱的).
Australian fur seal The largest fur seal
Australian fur seals are found in isolated rocky outcrops and islands along the NSW coast. They come ashore to form breeding colonies (繁殖地) and can often be seen at Barunguba Montague Island Nature Reserve.
Australian brush turkey
The Australian brush turkey, also known as bush or scrub turkey, can be found in rainforests along eastern NSW. With a striking red head, blue-black feather and booming call, these distinctive Australian birds are easy to spot while bird watching in several NSW national parks.
1. What do Albert’s lyrebird and Cumberland Plain land snail have in common?| A．They live in the soil. | B．They hate dry conditions. |
| C．They have long feathers. | D．They are species in danger. |
| A．They breed on the sea shore. | B．They are red from head to tail. |
| C．They adapt to rainforest climate. | D．They are only seen on isolated islands. |
| A．In a science report. | B．In a personal diary. |
| C．In a tourist brochure. | D．In an educational magazine. |
4 . Maybe someone you’ve been friends with for years is kicking up some conflict. Or, a person you’ve really trusted seems a little disappointing. However, we need to give people space to change, grow and readjust their own thinking. Learning to get the “good” out of people usually works.
People unavoidably have some types of flaws (缺陷). For instance, people may keep important truths, but the real truth might be that they have trouble trusting others.
Sam, an employee assistance program counselor says, “People we care about can drive us mad.” He insists that it’s easier to manage a relationship by setting boundaries and learning to draw the good out of people. “Deal with their flaws and accept them if possible” he advises.
To handle the flaws, always focus on the strengths of people in your circle. One friend might be a great babysitter for your kids while another helps you find good vacation deals. While you don’t want to “use” anyone, you do want to count on him for your own needs.
| A．No one can function all by himself. |
| B．Ending a relationship is seldom a good idea. |
| C．Forgiving others is always a good quality to maintain friendship. |
| D．Also, some people may ask too much of you. |
| E．But you can distance yourself and wait to see if someone changes. |
| F．Sometimes flaws may become advantages under certain circumstances. |
| G．To do this, focus on their strengths and how those benefit your own life. |
5 . In the ever-evolving world of robotics, researchers are constantly seeking innovative ways to enhance the capabilities of these machines. One that has captured the attention of scientists is the potential of using legs instead of arms for certain tasks. Four-legged robots normally need an arm attached to their body to open doors or pick up objects, but this can add additional weight and make it harder for the robot to squeeze through narrow spaces.
Philip Smith in Switzerland and his colleagues used a machine-learning model to teach a ready-made robotic dog to use one of its legs to perform tasks while standing still or moving with the other three legs. The robot dog can use a leg to open doors, press buttons and pick up backpacks while balancing on its other three legs.
“We cannot do everything with the legs that we could do with an arm — right now, a hand is far more skillful. But the point is really to make this work for applications where we maybe have mass limits, or we don’t want to have that additional complexity, like for space exploration where every kilogram of such a robot counts,” says Smith.
To train the robot dog, Smith and his team gave the machine-learning model the objective of finding a specific point in space with one of the robot’s legs. The model then worked out by itself how to control the remaining three legs and balance the robot while standing or walking. Smith and his team could then control the robot remotely to carry out movements like picking up a backpack and putting it in a box, or collecting rocks. While the robot can currently only do these tasks while operated by a person, Smith hopes that future improvements will allow the dog to autonomously handle objects with its leg.
1. What is a drawback of four-legged robots with arms?| A．Difficulty in control. | B．Lack of flexibility. |
| C．Complexity in design. | D．Absence of innovation. |
| A．To compare the robot dog with humans. | B．To prove the complexity of the robot dog. |
| C．To explain the limitation of the robot dog. | D．To show the potential uses of the robot dog. |
| A．By balancing on its other three legs. | B．By using a machine-learning model. |
| C．By having an arm attached to its body. | D．By exposing it to diverse environments. |
| A．Its leg will be more skillful than its arms. | B．It can be operated more easily by a person. |
| C．It can handle objects with its leg on its own. | D．It can carry out machine-learning autonomously. |
6 . “Mom, could you read to me?” My son, who was suffering from a virus, was lying on the floor of our living room, where he usually went when he was sick. Fourteen years old might seem old for being read to, but appearing grown-up wasn’t his priority at this point. He was looking for comfort, distraction and wanted to feel cared for.
I’d actually kept reading to him through his childhood and called it quits when we got into the preteen authority fight. When I read to him, I chose books that I loved, often books that he wouldn’t have gotten through on his own. Saying that he didn’t like the fantasy stories I’d adored myself at his age, he expressed an interest in nonfiction. Therefore, I put my own past preferences aside and looked for true stories that would grab his attention, and that he could read on his own. His shifting adolescent interest meant that the book I’d ordered for him yesterday was sometimes dismissed when it arrived, but I just put it aside for later. Its time might come around again.
Now, though, he was asking me again, and I was glad to do anything that might give him relief. The purpose was neither knowledge learning nor a display of authority. He was seeking rest for his unsettled mind and body, and by reading to him, I could see that it supported his healing, as surely as the hot lemon and ginger tea and getting plenty of sleep did.
I am sure that reading to my son has enhanced his school learning — his teacher has been amazed by his writing abilities —but more importantly, it has helped to make our bond stronger, giving us something in common to enjoy together. When the arguments and disagreements erupt, we can always come back to this simple activity of reading and listening, a union of souls that leaves us both completely free.
1. What may the author do when her son asked her to read to him?| A．She read to him. | B．She ignored him. |
| C．She told him to read by himself. | D．She suggested they read together. |
| A．Opposed. | B．Worried. | C．Unconcerned. | D．Acceptable. |
| A．Giving him comfort. | B．Strengthening their ties. |
| C．Helping him grow more rapidly. | D．Promoting his school learning. |
| A．The Importance of Bond | B．The Benefits of Reading |
| C．Reading and Bonding | D．Caring for Your Sick Child |
1. Why does the woman look unhappy?
| A．She couldn’t get a plane ticket. |
| B．She has been studying too much. |
| C．She doesn’t have a car. |
| A．Types of cars. | B．Amounts of money. | C．Districts of the United States. |
| A．White. | B．Red. | C．Blue. |
| A．In front of the college cinema. |
| B．In the Student Union building. |
| C．In a travel agent’s office. |
8 . Right now someone is speaking or thinking in a language that is on the verge of disappearing. Of the world’s roughly 7,000 spoken languages, one dies every 40 days, according to one estimate — languages like Babanki, spoken in Cameroon.
And some of the places where rare languages are the most concentrated are also most vulnerable (易受影响的) to climate change. Especially, linguists call global warming the final nail in the coffin (致命一击) for more than half of humanity’s language disappearing.
Let’s take Vanuatu, a South Pacific island nation, for example. It’s very small, but it has 110 languages spoken there, which is the highest density (密度) of languages in the world. It is also one of the countries most at risk of sea level rise and climate change. There, you can often see perfect hurricanes.
So if rising seas or storms force people in Vanuatu to move to Australia, what happens to the language they speak? Well, what often happens is that they aren’t necessarily displaced with the same people in their community, and also, even if they are displaced with other people in their community, they and their children will often adopt the language of Australia, the dominant language there because it’s economically advantageous for them to speak the new language, the dominant language. And their language dies.
However, there is so much culturally lost when a language dies. It is because the language carries so much local knowledge and culture.
In fact, in the 1970s, it was something like 2,000 native speakers of Hawaiian remained. But activists launched some schools where children are taught from birth, usually by kind of grandparents, and now more than 18,700 people speak it. And the same thing happened in New Zealand in the 1970s. Only 5% of young Maori people spoke the language, but now something like 25% now speak it.
1. What do we know about Vanuatu?| A．Its most languages have died out. |
| B．It is sensitive to climate change. |
| C．It witnesses various disasters every year. |
| D．It is the highest density of population in the world. |
| A．They lose their advantages in economy. |
| B．They have few chances to speak their own language. |
| C．They fail to contact people in their previous community. |
| D．They willingly teach their kids the language of Australia. |
| A．Favourable. | B．Concerned. | C．Doubtful. | D．Unclear. |
| A．More languages are faced with dying out. |
| B．It’s a must for kids to learn their mother tongue. |
| C．Grandparents play a vital role in passing down languages. |
| D．More efforts have been made to save endangered languages. |
1. What do we know about the man?
| A．He is an experienced police officer. |
| B．He has been a police officer for 13 years. |
| C．He has been doing patrol work these years. |
| A．It is interesting. | B．It is dangerous. | C．It is stressful. |
| A．Patrol. | B．Detective work. | C．Supervising investigations. |
| A．Colleagues. | B．Hostess and guest. | C．Hostess and audience. |
10 . Medical Examination Instructions
These medical instructions are being issued as your immigration (移民) application has reached the stage where medical examination results are required.
When, who and how to complete your Immigration Medical Examination
You are required to have the medical examination within 30 days of the date of this letter; your medical examination must be performed by a doctor from the IRCC list of Panel Physicians; book an appointment with a Panel Physician in your area as soon as possible.
Once your medical examination has been completed, the Panel Physician will submit medical results to IRCC for assessment. To obtain a copy of your Immigration Medical Examination, please ask the Panel Physician at the time of your appointment.
Paying for your Immigration Medical Examination
Any costs related to the medical examination are your responsibility and are payable to the Panel Physician at the time of examination. This payment is for the Panel Physician's services and cannot be returned even if your immigration application is refused or the validity period (有效期) of your immigration medical examination ends.
Note: If you are qualified for coverage under the Interim Federal Health Program, the costs related to your immigration medical examination may be covered by the IFHP. Please confirm with the Panel Physician in your area that they are registered with the IFHP.
What must I bring to my appointment?
★ The attached Medical Report form
★Identification, including your passport if one is available (Proof of identity must include at least one government-issued document with photograph and signature, such as a passport.)
★Eye glasses or contact lenses (隐形眼镜), if worn
★Four recent photographs
★For individuals qualified for Migration Medical Examination coverage under the Interim Federal Health Program, please bring one of the following documents:
●Refugee Protection Claimant Document
●The Interim Federal Health Certificate
●Acknowledgement of Claim and Notice to Return for Interview
If available, you may be offered vaccinations (接种疫苗) by the Panel Physician.
1. After your medical examination, _________.| A．the previous health reports ought to be consulted |
| B．you will submit the results to IRCC for assessment |
| C．the Panel Physician will present the results to IRCC |
| D．you will surely obtain a copy of examination results by the physician |
| A．The IFHP will cover them. | B．They cannot be returned. |
| C．The Panel Physician will pay in cash. | D．They will be returned if you apply. |
| A．Proof of identity. | B．The Federal Health Certificate. |
| C．The application form. | D．Medical examination instructions. |
