1 . The Happy Man
The happy man lives objectively, and has free love and wide interests, through which he secures his happiness. To be the receivers of love is a vital cause of happiness, but the man who demands love is not the man to whom it is given.
What then can a man do who is unhappy because he is enclosed in self? If he is to get out of the vicious (恶性的) circle of unhappiness, it must be by true interests. But before that, he should analyze his trouble first.
Admit to himself every day at least one painful truth.
All unhappiness depends upon lack of integration (融合). There is disintegration within the self,consciously and unconsciously or between the self and society.
| A．There is much he can do about it. |
| B．The man who receives love is the man who gives it. |
| C．The interests will arise when you overcome being self-centered. |
| D．The happy life is to an extraordinary extent the same as the good life. |
| E．Teach himself life is worth even not having great virtue or intelligence. |
| F．Self-denying leaves a man self-absorbed and aware of his own sacrifice. |
| G．Neither divided against the self nor the world, the happy man never fails to unite. |
2 . It was widely believed that, in order to get the first languages off the ground, our ancestors first needed a way to create novel signals that could be understood by others, relying on visual signs whose form was directly similar to the intended meaning. Some gestures can be understood almost anywhere: pointing to direct someone’s attention, for instance.
However, an international research team, led by experts from the University of Birmingham and the Leibniz-Centre General Linguistics (ZAS), Berlin, have discovered that certain vocalizations (发声法) can also be iconic and recognizable to people around the world — even when a speaker is not simply imitating a well-known sound. These findings, published in Scientific Reports, may help explain the rise of modern spoken language.
In 2015, language researchers challenged some English speakers to make up sounds representing various basic concepts (“sleep”, “child”, “meat”, “rock”, and more). When other English speakers listened to these sounds and tried matching them to concepts, they were largely successful. But “we wanted to be able to show that these vocalizations are understandable across cultures,” says study co-author and University of Birmingham cognitive scientist Marcus Perlman.
So Perlman and his colleagues conducted online and in-person experiments in seven countries, from Morocco to Brazil. They recruited more than 900 participants, who spoke a total of 28 languages, to listen to the best-understood vocalizations from the 2015 investigation and select matching concepts from a set of words or images. Vocalizations that called forth well-known sounds — for example, dripping water — performed best. But many others were also understood at rates significantly above chance across all languages tested, the team found. “There is a notable degree of success outside of just onomatopoeia (象声词),” Perlman says.
This is likely because certain patterns related to sound are universal, the team suggests. For example, short and basic sounds often convey the concept of “one” and repeated sounds are typically associated with “many”. Likewise, low-pitched sounds accompany something big, and high-pitched sounds convey small size. These findings of “iconic” sounds could help scientists understand how human ancestors started using rich acoustic (传音的) communication, says co-author Aleksandra Ćwiek, a linguist at the Leibniz-Center General Linguistics in Berlin. The human voice, she says, might “afford enough iconicity to get language off the ground.”
University of Tübingen linguist Matthias Urban, who was not involved in the research, agrees. “It’s unclear how words came into being in the first place,” he says. Iconic vocalizations are “potentially one pathway that could have been involved.”
1. What does the underlined word “iconic” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Symbolic. | B．Comic. | C．Magic. | D．Classic. |
| A．well explain the rise of English culture |
| B．throw light on the origin of spoken language |
| C．demonstrate that onomatopoeia may be popular |
| D．show how our ancestors imitate unknown sounds |
| A．The English language is universally understood. | B．Sound patterns may be related to their meanings. |
| C．Sign language appeared earlier than spoken language. | D．Words were evolved from vocalizations in ancient times. |
| A．From Hand to Mouth: The Origins of Language |
| B．Iconic Vocalizations are Created for Communication |
| C．Made-up Sounds Convey Meanings across Cultures |
| D．How Language Began: Gesture and Speech in Evolution |
3 . Credit Card Management Apps to Stay on Top of Payments
Americans collectively hold about $4 trillion in consumer credit card debt, so a money management app might be worth consideration. Here are two top choices that will help manage the credit life.
For Budgeting: Mint
If you’re seeking an app for both a broad view and a detailed look at your credit cards and overall finances as well as warnings to ensure on-time payments, Mint is perhaps the most popular app in this category. You can create a budget, track card spending in customizable (可定制的) categories, get credit card bill warnings, and more.
Reserve a couple of hours to get started because setting it up takes time. And if you’re completely new to financial apps, tracking and categorizing every transaction (交易) you might make could take some getting used to.
Download Mint from the App Store or Google Play for free.
For Tracking Credit Card Rewards: AwardWallet
You can see all of your credit card rewards — including credit card points such as Citi ThankYou Points, American Express Membership Rewards and Chase Ultimate Rewards—in one place. The app also lets you know when your awards will expire (过期) so you can use them before you lose them.
Arghandewal, who travels all over the world by using points and miles, says the AwardWallet app helps her keep track of everything. “You can link all of your frequent flyer, hotel and even bank rewards accounts and get notices when your rewards balance changes,” she says.
AwardWallet requires access to your email account, which could make some folks uncomfortable. And some loyalty programs aren’t part of the platform.
Download AwardWallet from the App Store for free.
1. The users of Mint can ________.| A．reduce daily transactions | B．get detailed financial advice |
| C．receive warnings of on-time payment | D．track their card spending and rewards |
| A．show why the app is popular | B．explain how to win rewards |
| C．instruct people to download the app | D．persuade people to use the app |
| A．help users manage their credit cards | B．need access to users’ email accounts |
| C．inform users of the expired awards | D．take time for users to get used to them |
The last time Yunnan caught national attention was when some Asian elephants left their home and
For many years, researchers
