1 . The Week Contest

This week’s question: The U.S. will be short of an estimated 550, 000 licensed plumbers by 2027, as a result of r sing retirements and ash or age of young trainees. In seven or fewer word come up with a slogan for a recruitment poster that will inspire a new generation to enter the profession and save America’s bathrooms.

Last week’s contest: Police responding to a report of an “elderly male walking with a shotgun” in rural Minnesota came upon a man listening to music and carrying a stick, which he’d been using to play air guitar. If a classic rock band were to write a song about this law enforcement encounter, what would it be titled?

THE WINNER: “Johnny B. Woode”

Joe Ayella, Wayne, Pa.

SECOND PLACE: “Rock You With a Carry Cane”

James Pearson, Anaheim, Calif.

THIRD PLACE: “Dancing With the Bark”

Jesse Rifkin, Arlington, Va.

For runners-up and complete contest rules, please go to the week.com/contest.

How to enter: Submissions should be emailed to contest @ theweek.com. Please include your name, address, and daytime telephone number for verification; this week, please type “Plumbing poster” in the subject line. Entries are due by noon, East m Tie, Tuesday, April 9. Winners will appear on the Puzzle Page next issue and at thewee.com/puzzles on Friday, April 12. In the case of identical or similar entries, the first one received gets credit.

The winner gets a one-year subscription to The Week.

1. What are the participants required to do in this week’s contest?

A．To make a poster.	B．To think up a slogan.
C．To inspire people.	D．To answer a question.

2. Which one is the best title for the encounter?

A．An Elderly Male Walking With a Shotgun

B．Johnny B. Woode

C．Rock You With a Carry Cane

D．Dancing With the Bark

3. By what time will submissions not be accepted in any case?

A．April 6.

B．April 8.

C．April 9.

D．April 12.

2 . It was previously assumed that all irrational fears are learned through personal experience or taught to us by others. If somebody nearly drowns while swimming in these a, for instance, it wouldn’t be surprising if they develop aqua phobia (恐水症), the fear of water. The brain makes a connection between the situation and the feeling of pain and panic, and commits it to memory.

However, it is now thought that some phobias have a genetic origin. Experiments with mice have shown that fears they develop can be passed down to their children and even their grandchildren. The mice were conditioned to fear the scent of acetophenone-a sweet-smelling chemical. Researchers found that the pups, and even the grand-pups, of the conditioned mice were startled by the scent too.

One explanation for this could be that parent mice communicate with their pups to effectively teach them what to fear. Studies have found that when mice are scared, they release pheromones that act as an alarm signal to other mice. However, in the acetophenone experiment, the pups proved to be sensitive to the scent from the very first time they encountered it. What’s more, some le pups; of conditioned mice were fostered by non-conditioned mice. The non-conditioned foster parents were not a fad of the scent, but the pups were, suggesting the fears origin was genetic rather than social.

It is not clear exactly how the conditioned fear is passed on to future generations of mice, but the current theory is that it is down to something called epigenetic inheritance (表观遗传). The original conditioning process leads to chemical modifications that change gene expression, without changing the DNA sequence itself. The researchers found that he conditioned mice and their offspring developed more scent receptors in their brains compared to non-conditioned mice. With more of these receptors they can detect the presence of acetophenone at lower concentrations and so are alerted to it more easily.

Epigenetics is a relatively new area of research, but it stands to reason that fears and other memories may well be inherited this way in humans too.

1. What does the underlined word “conditioned” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Trained

B．Inherited.

C．Displayed.

D．Evolved

2. What can we learn from the acetophenone experiment?

A．The scent of acetophenone is inherently frightening to mice.

B．Parental behavior has no influence on the fears of offspring in mice.

C．Learned fears can be genetically transmitted across generations in mice.

D．Pups of conditioned mice are unable to adapt to the scent of acetophenone.

3. How may the conditioned fear be passed on to future generations of mice?

A．By altering the DNA sequence.	B．Through changes in gene expression.
C．Through social learning from parent mice.	D．By increasing the number of scent receptors.

4. Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A．Aqua phobia: A Case Study on Learned Fears

B．Pheromones: The Communication of Fear in Mice

C．The Genetics of Fear: Epigenetic Inheritance in Mice

D．Phobia Development: The Role of Personal Experience

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chilis (辣椒) weren’t always in China, says Brian Dott, a history professor at Whitman College and author of The Chile Pepper in China: A Cultural Biography.    1     (originate) in Central and South America, Capsicum plants were unknown in China until around the 16th Century, when a boom in     2     (explore) and trade brought chilis to the Chinese mainland.

The first     3     (write) record of chili in China    4     (date) from 1591 and it isn’t exactly a flood of positive reviews. Gao Lian, a playwright who lived near    5    is now Shanghai, wasn’t “all that excited about it as a condiment (调味品) or a medicine,” Dott says of his account. Instead, he used it as a decorative plant.

But while elite Chinese enjoyed chili peppers in their decorative gardens, the masses began eating and enjoying the hot plants. By 1765, local historians noted that chi is were used    6     (flavor) sauces, vinegar, savory oils, and preserved vegetables in Hunan. There’s even a recipe for a condiment reminding people of chili crisp in The Harmonious Cauldron, the    7     (early) Chinese culinary book to include chili peppers.

    8     (like) other spices, chili peppers weren’t farmed and traded as commodities. Instead, they    9     (pass) from person to person and cultivated in small crops, says Dott, falling into the hands of skilled farmers who bred even better chilis overtime. These peppers—and the condiment made by frying them in oil—became must-have ingredients all over China, eventually filtering (渗透) to every level of society and becoming so universal    10    they were considered part of the nation’s identity.

4 . Leadership is not just the ability to lead a team, it is a journey of selflessness.

“Alright, class! We are going to work in groups to create a mind map!” Mrs. Low said. “This is a great________

for our group leaders to prove themselves worthy of that ________.” Mrs. Low then raised one of her________ with great expectations. The class burst out ________. Rita and John glanced at me warily. I raised my head________, the gleaming badge (闪耀的徽章) with the words “Team Leader” on my ________. I took out a piece of paper and pointed to John, “Hey you! Make a list of the stuff that we have learned.” John did not________; he simply bit his lip, muttering, “Is this really leadership?” I turned to Rita, “And you! Start drawing the mind map!” Rita angrily slammed her hand on the table. She________, “Why do you have to be so bossy?” It was as if I was standing in front of a mirror, looking at my________, wondering if I was proud to see how I was behaving then. Questions stuffed my mind until I felt it was about to________.Suddenly, Mrs. Low tapped on my shoulder, and explained, “Leadership is not just about being a leader. It is to serve others, not yourself. It is a(n)________journey.” Her words had lit a light bulb in my brain,________all my confusion.

Taking a deep breath and________my pride, l dashed to John and Rita and apologized. Their annoyed expressions________smiles. The following time witnessed our________cooperation. It didn’t take long before we finished the project. Deep down, I recognized that this was just the start of my lifelong journey to become a true leader.

1.

A．task

B．place

C．opportunity

D．reward

2.

A．title

B．name

C．headline

D．subtitle

3.

A．arms

B．lips

C．eyebrows

D．hands

4.

A．cheering

B．clapping

C．laughing

D．chattering

5.

A．surprisingly

B．casually

C．proudly

D．aimlessly

6.

A．wrist

B．uniform

C．school bag

D．waist

7.

A．approve

B．react

C．obey

D．protest

8.

A．complained

B．asked

C．added

D．blamed

9.

A．illumination

B．reflection

C．observation

D．illustration

10.

A．explode

B．pour

C．fire

D．tremble

11.

A．selfless

B．meaningful

C．excellent

D．awesome

12.

A．sweeping away

B．giving away

C．throwing away

D．putting away

13.

A．consuming

B．swallowing

C．removing

D．digesting

14.

A．stood for

B．took on

C．brought out

D．turned into

15.

A．equal

B．tolerant

C．harmonious

D．balanced

5 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Once upon a time, there lived a poor but cheerful shoemaker. He was so happy that he sang all day long. The children loved to stand around his window to listen to him.

Next door to the shoemaker lived a rich man. He used to sit up all night to count his gold. In the morning, he went to bed, but he could not sleep because of the sound of the shoemaker’s singing. One day, he thought of a way to stop the singing. He wrote a letter to the shoemaker inviting him over for a cup of tea.

The shoemaker came at once, and to his great surprise, the rich man gave him a bag of gold as a gift. The shoemaker took the bag and thanked the rich man. When he returned home, the shoemaker couldn’t wait to open the bag. He had never seen so much gold in his life! He sat down at his bench and began, carefully, to count it. The children watched through the window.

There was so much there that the shoemaker was afraid to let it out of his sight. So he took it to bed with him. But he could not sleep for worrying about it. So he got out of bed and went to hide it in the attic (阁楼), but he was not sure if that was a good place.

Very early in the morning, he got up and brought his gold down from the attic. He had decided to hide it up the chimney (烟囱) instead. But after breakfast, he thought it would be safer in the chicken house. So he hid it there. But he was still uneasy, and in a little while he dug a hole in the garden and buried his bag of gold in it.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:

He was in no mood for singing and found it difficult to focus on his work.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:

At last the shoemaker felt so unhappy that he took his bag of gold and ran next door to the rich man.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

For years I     1     (ask) why I volunteer, and my answer remains the same. I volunteer because it makes     2     difference.

Growing up in Hawaii, I saw Dad taking my family downtown to pass out cheeseburgers to the     3     (home), and my passion grew from there. Over the years, I placed my focus     4     food insecurity and that led me to found the first food pantry (食物分发处) on the campus of Indiana University. I will never forget the day when I opened the pantry. A student walked in the door and he said, “I was in class with you     5     (early). Thank you for doing this because I was trying to figure out what I was going to eat this week.” The food pantry     6     (actual) helped many a student on the campus,     7    , for some reason, had difficulty     8     (get) everyday meals. Those who got food from there came back to support our food pantry, making it a place to pass on kindness.

That was two and a half years ago, but     9     (moment) like those stick with me to this very day. Since graduating, I now volunteer with different homeless shelters in Indianapolis, and I will continue to make     10     (me) available as long as there is someone in need.

7 . Flooding was fairly usual for a Queensland summer. This time, however, there had been a lot of rain and flash flooding further north which _________ ran down to the river.

My younger brother was getting _________ and thought we should evacuate. We spent hours trying to _________ him down. The water had never gotten to less than 1 to 2 meters away from our street level. After a few more _________, the water levels were getting much higher than we’d seen before and we thought it best if we moved our cars to the higher _________ just in case it got to the street level. Later, we _________ a lot of furniture and electronics upstairs.

Finally, we decided to _________. The water was getting close to the street level, which only meant another foot from _________ our bottom floor. We left to spend the _________ with my cousin who lived in a neighborhood close by. We heard that the water had __________ further, but had no idea how far as it was dark and we couldn’t see anything from our cousin’s house.

The __________ moment was when we finally got to see our house. There is a high school behind our house, which __________ at the base of this large hill, with an elevated sports oval (高架椭圆形体育场) right behind our house. The water at its __________ was about 2 inches from being level with the oval. We __________ it to survey our house. Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house was the most unbelievable __________ I had ever seen.

1.

A．fast

B．slowly

C．actually

D．eventually

2.

A．excited

B．nervous

C．curious

D．disappointed

3.

A．turn

B．lay

C．calm

D．break

4.

A．hours

B．degree

C．meters

D．days

5.

A．level

B．ground

C．speed

D．house

6.

A．made

B．sold

C．covered

D．moved

7.

A．swim

B．separate

C．leave

D．stay

8.

A．reaching

B．flooding

C．entering

D．destroying

9.

A．weekend

B．money

C．holiday

D．night

10.

A．fallen

B．run

C．risen

D．washed

11.

A．funniest

B．scariest

C．strangest

D．greatest

12.

A．lies

B．operates

C．keeps

D．spreads

13.

A．height

B．length

C．depth

D．width.

14.

A．stood by

B．waved at

C．looked through

D．walked across

15.

A．flood

B．building

C．view

D．sport

8 . Sometimes, we meet with situations that cause us to feel angry to the point we may want to erupt like a volcano or curse (咒骂) someone out.     1     Here are some replies online to the question about how to deal with anger.

Go for a swim, lift weights, and practice other forms of exercise!

Science suggests that hearing, seeing, or swimming causes our brain to produce neurochemicals that increase blood flow to the brain and heart. “    2     I like to lift weights. It completely takes the edge off. Heavy bag work is good for cardio and reducing anger. Yoga is great for both exercise and meditation,” wrote u/JackFunk.

Eat a healthier diet.

Proteins such as fish, tofu, and chicken, help us produce higher levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, which are chemicals in the brain that play a role in your mood, motivation, and concentration. “I found that some foods messed with my stomach.     3     Over time I have removed various foods from my diet, and it has really helped,”   u/JackFunk also wrote.

Write your feelings down.

Whether it’s quick sentences or journal entries, writing down how you feel is a great way to release negative emotions. “    4     Pour your heart out… and if you’re worried that someone else may read it later, you can burn it to release the energy,” wrote u/ChoiceFabulous.

    5    

“If you have trouble not getting angry when discussing something or trying to work through a problem with someone, always imagine the conversation is being videotaped. If you keep that in the back of your mind, you will always think about what you say, and it could help keep your mind from the anger,” wrote u/therealtidbits.

A．For me, nothing is better than exercise.

B．Whenever I can’t help getting angry, I read.

C．Pretend that when you get angry people are watching.

D．Whenever I can’t exercise or burn out the feelings, I write.

E．Anyway, there are always better ways to handle when angry.

F．They then messed with my head, which brought out the anger.

G．Pretend there is a camera before you and be mindful of what you say.

9 . When someone tells me that they’re going to spend just 3 days in Paris, I feel like they’re most likely not going to love it. I mean, it’s possible to have a great time if you do it right and put what you want to see at the first place. During such a short visit most tourists head to see the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame, Louvre and some other tourist attractions, and therefore experience crowds, long lines and not the real local Paris.

Take your pick and spend some time actually enjoying these things instead of rushing through everything. I’m not telling you not to see these famous landmarks, but in order to fully feel the Paris atmosphere, you need to stay in the city longer. A stay in Paris just for a weekend seems far from seeing all the great things.

Almost everyone is dreaming of getting to the top of the Eiffel Tower. But the moment you start approaching the tower you might realize that it’s not very romantic, as it’s surrounded by a ton of visitors and annoying vendors (小贩). The place is crowded, and lines take forever no matter when you visit it.

It’s hard to find a romantic spot unless you book a dinner on top of the Eiffel Tower. It’s something you will only do once, as it’s not the best fine dining you’ve ever had — you’re doing it just for the experience. However, if you climb the stairs behind the Croatian Embassy you may be able to find a quiet spot overlooking the tower. The view is wonderful and definitely worth it, especially at night when the tower starts blinking!

I recommend you to see the city from up high from the top of the Tour Montparnasse, Arc de Triomphe, or even a carousel (旋转木马) in Tuileries, and actually have the Eiffel Tower in your view.

1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?

A．You can only see crowds at tourist attractions.

B．He who has a short visit doesn’t love Paris.

C．Visitor can have a good time traveling in Paris in three days.

D．It takes more time to experience the real Paris.

2. What is TRUE about visiting Paris according to the author?

A．Fully feeling the atmosphere of the city.

B．Only visiting the famous landmarks of the city.

C．Seeing the whole city at the weekend.

D．Rushing through all attractions in the city.

3. How does a tourist usually feel after visiting the Eiffel Tower?

A．Delighted.

B．Sad.

C．Exhausted.

D．Romantic.

4. Which can be the best title for the passage?

A．The atmosphere of Paris.

B．The tips of visiting Paris better.

C．The view of the Eiffel Tower.

D．The tourist attractions in Paris.

10 . Movie stars might think their lives are private after leaving the acting location, but they ought to know that they have much power over their audience. The power gives them an ability to change people, events, even history, making them to have the responsibility of being good role models.

With time going on, movie stars become celebrities (名人) and in the process get a large number of fans. Some of them follow their deeds, dress, and act like them. In reality, they want to be like their favorite movie stars. If a movie star engages in acts that the society does not approve, those who look up to them, especially the teens, will do the same. Movie stars should be responsible for what they do and say as following the actions is now simpler because of social media. It is important to behave like a role model even when they think no one is watching.

Nobody is perfect, and movie stars also have had their down moments. They may not have been good role models at the time, but they can change the narrative by doing the right things. They can also turn the past shortcomings into positives by opening up about problems and how they overcame the challenges. And their audience can learn to discuss their problems and seek help.

People starring in movies are the target of companies to promote their products or services for a fee. Their celebrity status is a reason enough to think beyond the payment. A movie star should not recommend something that will influence the way teens live negatively. It would be wrong to promote something like sweetened drinks or foods without health benefits. Movie stars face problems like other people, but because of their influence, they have a responsibility to be role models in the public eye.

1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．Fans often follow their stars’ dress and hobbies.

B．Celebrities’ actions spread fast on social media.

C．Movie stars should be responsible for their fans.

D．Movie stars’ acts have a great impact on their fans.

2. How should movie stars deal with their down moments?

A．Lie to fans by making up a story.

B．Do the right things to overcome the problems.

C．Cover their problems with good movies.

D．Post their problems online to seek help.

3. Which is the author’s advice to celebrities?

A．Don’t tell problems to the public.

B．Don’t play roles that have a negative impact on teens.

C．Don’t ask for payment when promoting products.

D．Don’t recommend unhealthy drinks or foods.

4. What is the author’s purpose of writing this article?

A．To tell movie stars how to help people in need.

B．To stress movie stars’ impact on teens.

C．To call on movie stars to be good role models.

D．To advise movie stars to open up about their problems.