1 . The existing coffee market is dominated by Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Unfortunately for them, coffee bushes grow best in a rather narrow range of temperatures, so their cultivation is threatened by a changing climate. But a chance discovery by Aaron Davis from Britain, published in Nature Plants, may offer a way out. Dr Davis and his colleagues report that they have tracked down a type of wild coffee which is both pleasant to taste and tolerant of higher temperatures.

Dr Davis, however, came across a paper written in 1834 by George Don, a Scottish scientist, which described a species from warmer areas. Don named it stenophylla, and wrote that it had a flavour superior to arabica’s, and it was farmed up until the 1920s, after which canephora, which had higher yields, took over. Stenophylla was then gradually forgotten.

The crucial question was, was Don’s praise to its flavour justified? To find out, Dr Davis arranged a competition involving 18 professional coffee tasters who assessed, in a blind comparison, a set of samples that included stenophylla, two types of arabica and one of canephora.

Stenophylla performed well. It was rated as having higher fruitlike qualities than a Brazilian arabica and an Indonesian canephora, and also a more favourable acid ity and more complex flavour profile, though slightly less desired than an Ethiopian arabica. It had nearly the same body as the others, and lacked an unpleasant, earthy bitterness found in the Brazilian arabica and the Indonesian canephora. When asked if what they were tasting was arabica, the judges said “yes” 81% of the time for samples of stenophylla, compared with 98% for the arabica from Ethiopia. They identified the Brazilian arabica as such only 44% of the time, and misidentified the canephora as arabica on 7% of occasions.

Stenophylla does taste like arabica and tolerates higher temperatures than either arabica or canephora. That opens two possible courses of action. One is to cultivate it directly, though this might run into the yield problem which led to its abandonment in the first place. The other is to crossbreed it with existing species, to provide those high-yielding varieties with its heat tolerance.

1. What is the purpose of the research into a type of wild coffee?

A．To promote the habit of drinking coffee.	B．To deal with global warming problems.
C．To help coffee farmers make more profits.	D．To save coffee production from global warming.

2. According to 18 professional coffee tasters, what can we learn about the four types of coffee?

A．Ethiopian arabica is more appealing than Brazilian arabica.

B．Indonesian canephora tasted best among four types of coffee.

C．Stenophylla has less taste of bitterness than two types of arabica.

D．Stenophylla has a more favourable acidity than Ethiopian arabica.

3. What are presented in the last paragraph?

A．Historical factors.	B．Theoretical bases.
C．Statistical analyses.	D．Practical solutions.

4. Which section of a magazine is the passage most probably taken from?

A．Business.	B．Agriculture.
C．Finance and economics.	D．Science and technology.

2 . In 2001, Nathan Ogden raced down an Oregon ski slope, launching himself off a jump over 30 feet into the air. While he had done this many times, something was ______ on this day. He jumped further than planned, causing his body to fall hard against the ski slope. He tried to stand, but his legs wouldn't move. It was soon ______ that his neck was badly injured.

Over the next few months, he remained _______ that he would walk again, despite what the doctors said. Gradually, as he ______ sense to his legs and a little independence, his doctors called his progress“miraculous.”

But he wanted to progress faster. He worked ______ to regain use of his upper body, and while he could hardly move his legs, he was ______ that one day he would walk again. He eventually regained 50% of his body movement, but more _______ was yet to come. In 2003, Ogden caught pneumonia (肺炎) and fell unconscious in his sleep.

When his wife couldn't wake him, he was ______ to the Emergency Room, where technicians ______ dropped him to the floor while x-raying his lungs. For the second time, Ogden had ______ his neck. But this time, the break was higher up,______ his permanent loss of bodily movement below the chest.

Sometimes Ogden felt ______. He noted being physically disabled was extremely difficult and that he lost his job, friends and almost his marriage. But Ogden tried to be ______ throughout the coming years.

He continues to fight a daily battle against ______. With his wife and children supporting him,he has been skydiving, snow skiing and water skiing. He is even writing a book to inspire as many as possible to believe in hope and _____. While he might never leave the wheelchair in this life, his spirit is rising higher than his legs could ever take him.

1.

A．pleasant

B．ordinary

C．different

D．realistic

2.

A．confirmed

B．anticipated

C．suggested

D．recognized

3.

A．delighted

B．frustrated

C．confident

D．confused

4.

A．lost

B．caused

C．produced

D．gained

5.

A．tirelessly

B．efficiently

C．effortlessly

D．painfully

6.

A．told

B．convinced

C．informed

D．reminded

7.

A．advance

B．trouble

C．fortune

D．question

8.

A．led

B．attached

C．accompanied

D．rushed

9.

A．casually

B．deliberately

C．accidentally

D．occasionally

10.

A．healed

B．broken

C．examined

D．shaken

11.

A．making up

B．bringing in

C．resulting in

D．building up

12.

A．trapped

B．deleted

C．interrupted

D．blamed

13.

A．active

B．positive

C．negative

D．passive

14.

A．discipline

B．competition

C．criticism

D．adversity

15.

A．liberation

B．recognition

C．reputation

D．progress

3 . Aptitude Tests Recommendations

Aptitude tests are helpful to job seekers of all ages. While career quizzes explore your values and work style, aptitude tests provide a more objective evaluation of your skills, helping you select a career you’re most likely to succeed in. Below are some of the best aptitude tests out there.

Clifton Strengths

The Clifton Strengths program was created based on research around leadership. The research in question pointed to common strengths among successful leaders, like strategic thinking, adaptability and communication. To complete the test, you must answer around 150 questions, each within 20 seconds. Allen Cheung, a tech blogger, notes that CliftonStrengths is more valuable than your average career test because it includes “tricky questions which aren’t as easily gamed”.

Red Bull Wingfinder

Developed and tested out by psychology experts, the Red Bull Wingfinder assesses your thinking under pressure. Questions include image sorting, logic puzzles and leadership-related questions. Once you complete the test, you’ll receive a nine-page report and career coaching tailored to your results.

SEI Development Report

The SEI Development Report is an extensive EQ aptitude test that has timed right-and-wrong answers that assess eight fundamentals, including emotional literacy, emotional management and empathy. At the end, you’ll receive a 20-page report with recommended courses on workplace EQ development.

CareerOneStop

While it only takes a few minutes to complete, the CareerOneStop Skills Assessment will help you rank both your technical and soft skills. The career suggestions at the end can be sorted by relevance, annual wages, and job outlook, coupled with with professional coaching or consultation improve your skills.

1. What do aptitude tests mainly assess for job seekers?

A．Their work ethics.	B．Their career interest.
C．Their preferred work style.	D．Their professional competence.

2. What is a unique feature of Clifton Strengths?

A．It evaluates leadership skills.	B．It is developed by experts.
C．It includes challenging questions.	D．It offers a comprehensive report.

3. Which test suits a job seeker who prefers categorized suggestions and career coaching?

A．Clift on Strengths	B．Red Bull Wingfinder
C．SEI Development Report	D．CareerOneStop

4 . Some people today might be early risers because of DNA they take after Neanderthals tens of thousands of years ago, suggests new research.

When early humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia roughly 70,000 years ago, some of them mated with Neanderthals, who had already adapted to the colder, darker climates of the north. The ripple (涟漪) effects of that intermating still exist today: Modern humans of non-African ancestry (血统) have between 1 and 4 percent Neanderthal DNA. Some of that DNA relates to sleep more specifically, the internal body clock known as the circadian rhythm.

For the new study, researchers compared DNA from today’s humans and DNA from Neanderthal fossils (化石). In both groups, they found some of the same genetic variants involved with the circadian rhythm. And they found that modern humans who carry these variants also reported being early risers.

For Neanderthals, being “morning people” might not have been the real benefit of carrying these genes. Instead, scientists suggest, Neanderthals’ DNA gave them faster, more flexible internal body clocks, which allowed them to adjust more easily to annual changes in daylight. This connection makes sense in the context of human history. When early humans moved north out of Africa, they would have experienced variable daylight hours — shorter days in the winter and longer days in the summer-for the first time. The Neanderthals’ circadian rhythm genes likely helped early humans’ offspring (后代) adapt to this new environment.

Notably, the findings do not prove that Neanderthal genes are responsible for the sleep habits of all early risers. Lots of different factors beyond genetics can contribute, including social and environmental influences. The study also only included DNA from a database called the U.K. Biobank—so the findings may not necessarily apply to all modern humans. Next, the research team hopes to study other genetic databases to see if the same link holds true for people of other ancestries. If the findings do apply more broadly, they may one day be useful for improving sleep in the modern world, where circadian rhythms are disturbed by night shifts and glowing smartphones.

1. What does the new research focus on?

A．DNA’s dramatic changes.	B．Genes’ influence on early risers.
C．Neanderthals’ sleeping patterns.	D．Ancestors’ environmental adaptability.

2. What is paragraph 2 intended to show concerning the new research?

A．Historical context.	B．Additional proof.
C．Sample analysis.	D．Studying process.

3. What is the real benefit of carrying Neanderthal’s DNA for modern humans?

A．Getting up earlier.	B．Having healthier daily routines.
C．Being more flexible in their work.	D．Possessing a better circadian rhythm.

4. What can be inferred about the findings from the last paragraph?

A．They get proof from other studies.	B．They are confirmed by early risers.
C．They suggest potential applications.	D．They reveal factors in sleeping disorders.

5 . For eight years, Sophie created realistic-looking limbs (肢) for those who wanted to fit in. But she longed to work on more odd designs that would stand out. Then she met Pollyanna Hope, a young amputee (被截肢者).

“She wanted something a little different on her leg: pictures of a cartoon she loved, Peppa Pig,” said Sophie, who is now based in London. So she designed a unique leg covered in tattoo-like images of Peppa and other pigs riding a bicycle and eating ice cream. Working with Hope made Sophie realize there was a potential market for limbs.

Since then, Sophie founded the Alternative Limb Project (ALP) to make artistic limbs. Her work includes an arm wrapped in sculpted snakes and a leg that looks like porcelain (瓷器) covered in a painted flowery vine. She makes about six limbs per year, always including clients’ ideas so that they receive a personal piece they can celebrate rather than hide.

Of course, a fancy-looking limb won't suit everyone. For Sophie, the basis is that each limb must satisfy a combination of comfort, beauty and functionality, and pushing too hard in one direction can weaken other areas. But for amputees who appreciate novelty, Sophie has some amazing ideas.

“I’d really like to make a candy-dispenser leg with colorful candies inside it” she says. “Or a cuckoo-clock leg with a wooden bird that pops out every hour.” Her goal is to fashion a striking limb.

“It’ll transform the limbs from an elephant in the room into a conversation piece.”

1. Why did Pollyanna Hope come to Sophie?

A．She hoped to have a tailored limb.

B．She intended to design a cartoon figure.

C．She longed to expand the market for limbs.

D．She expected to sell Sophie some odd ideas.

2. According to paragraph 3, ALP aims to ______.

A．boost users’ confidence	B．sharpen users’ creativity
C．improve Sophie’s sculpture skills	D．extend Sophie’s art business

3. What is the basis for Sophie's works?

A．The novelty of the pattern tops the list.	B．The balance of multi-needs comes first.
C．Fashion is the best policy.	D．Functionality is the key.

4. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?

A．Sophie resolves to lead the fashion of limbs.

B．Sophie plans to further transform artistic limbs.

C．Amputees will feel at ease to talk about limbs.

D．Amputees will have easy access to artistic limbs.

6 . Peru is prepared to approve new laws that would make it easier to investigate and punish researchers who engage in academic cheating, including paying to have their names added to a paper.

The move comes as Peru’s national science agency seeks to crack down on authorship buying and other dishonest practices. It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publications from a national registry that is key to receiving government sponsor, job promotions, and salary bonuses. And officials are investigating more than 170 other researchers at a Peruvian media report claimed were involved in academic misconduct, including 72 listed n the national registry who work at 14 universities in Peru.

The new laws will empower universities and government officials to punish such behavior. Dishonest publishing practices “transcend mere moral misbehavior” because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth, says Edward Málaga Trillo, a member of Congress who is the driving force behind the bills, which lawmakers are expected to finalize early this year. “These individuals are operating academic cheating.”

Peru’s academic community has been struggling with a rising tide of false authorship and related problems. One cause, some researchers say, is a 2014 law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output. For example, under a scoring system used by universities, researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal, and two points when the journal is lower impact. A massing points can bring bonus payments and career promotion.

Signs of dishonest publishing can be obvious, notes Nahuel Monteblanco, president of Cientificos. pe, a Peruvian group that investigates misconduct. Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject. “If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries, that’s highly suspect,” Monteblanco says.

1. What action did Peru take recently to address academic cheating?

A．Fining 72 offenders for academic dishonesty.

B．Disqualifying 2 scientists from a national registry.

C．Punishing 170 researchers for academic misconduct.

D．Withdrawing government fund from 14 universities.

2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “transcend” in paragraph 3?

A．Change.

B．Strengthen.

C．Go beyond.

D．Approve of.

3. What do we know about the 2014 law in Peru?

A．It advocated a fair scoring system.	B．It applied to high-impact journals.
C．It led to an increase in false authorship.	D．It aimed to punish dishonest publishing.

4. The most suspicion might be given to a productive researcher with _________.

A．career promotion	B．consistent research focus
C．few citations by Punto Final	D．co-authors from various countries

7 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What is the Geocaching?

A．A treasure hunt.

B．A GPS device.

C．A fitness coach.

2. What do we know about the boxes?

A．They are controlled remotely.

B．They contain varieties of goods.

C．They are placed in the neighborhood.

3. How does Geocaching benefit the kids?

A．It develops their social skills.

B．It exposes them to traditions.

C．It makes them willing to walk.

8 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What does the man want to do?

A．Go fishing.

B．Go shopping.

C．Go sightseeing.

2. Where will the space rocket be launched?

A．In Texas.

B．In Florida.

C．In Nevada.

3. What does the speakers plan to do on Sunday?

A．Set off early.

B．Rest in a hotel.

C．See the launch.

4. How does the girl probably feel about the trip?

A．Excited.

B．Bored.

C．Confused.

9 . I had never picked up a camera before my freshman year in 2012, when my journey to an artist began. For four years, I ________ G-Star School of The Arts, where my ________ for photography and filmmaking were awaken.

Having seen my first short film, my teacher came over, saying: “You got a good ________. Why not consider doing this as your profession. I think you’ve got a ________ in it”. Then, it clicked. I, therefore, ________ my bank account and bought my first camera.

Since then, I was amazed by the ________ the world has to offer. I have to ________, though: I, shy and chicken-hearted, tended to capture nature-related scenes, ________ anything to do with people.

As I was ________ my way, I started photographing myself, the only one I felt ________ with. The camera soon became my strongest ________, serving as the tool for how I expressed myself. Gradually, I gained enough ________ to start taking photos of other people, greatly touched by how I was able to ________ the best in them through the lens (镜头).

Each year, I would look back on all of the shots I did that year and would ________ them to the first one I ever took in my career. Although the progress seemed substantial, I realized the key to growth as an artist is to never be ________. This allows me to create progressively better work year after year.

1.

A．designed

B．attended

C．assessed

D．arranged

2.

A．duties

B．requests

C．passions

D．needs

3.

A．heart

B．hand

C．eye

D．nerve

4.

A．future

B．memory

C．schedule

D．certificate

5.

A．opened

B．closed

C．monitored

D．emptied

6.

A．beauty

B．sound

C．lesson

D．chance

7.

A．admit

B．judge

C．conclude

D．negotiate

8.

A．envying

B．avoiding

C．prioritizing

D．recording

9.

A．winding

B．losing

C．shooting

D．clearing

10.

A．familiar

B．comfortable

C．generous

D．patient

11.

A．resolve

B．voice

C．shoulder

D．vision

12.

A．knowledge

B．integrity

C．confidence

D．insight

13.

A．bring out

B．comment on

C．call for

D．take over

14.

A．refer

B．relate

C．apply

D．compare

15.

A．self-conscious

B．self-reliant

C．self-centered

D．self-content

10 . Torrie, 16, and her friend Azarria were driving back home when another car hit them. When Torrie opened her eyes, she _________ their car had been pushed into a tree. There came _________ from the gathering crowd as the car was smoking. Torrie’s door wouldn’t open, but her window became an escape _________.

“Everyone ran away, fearing the car was going to _________. But turning around, I didn’t see Azarria. I ran back and saw she was _________ in the back seat. I decided to help her out of the _________.”

“I didn’t know how I made it. I just became stronger at that moment,” she says. She _________ a bystander to call 911 and started CPR.

After 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths, Azarria began to show _________ of life. Just then, the paramedics _________ to rush Azarria to the nearest hospital.

__________ for both girls, their Lakewood High School offers a First-Aid Skills class taught by Erika Miller. Torrie had earned her __________ in the class just the day before this accident.

“I was absolutely astonished,” Erika says. “In my years of teaching, I never __________ a student would finish the course and in 24 hours have to __________ CPR on her friend.”

“I was grateful to Torrie, but I wasn’t surprised.” Azarria says. “She would have done that for anyone. That’s just __________ of her.

“First-aid training should be a(n) __________ in schools,” Torrie says. “It can make a difference between life and death.”

1.

A．examined

B．recognized

C．determined

D．panicked

2.

A．antiques

B．breakthroughs

C．refreshments

D．screams

3.

A．route

B．frame

C．release

D．motion

4.

A．proceed

B．explode

C．slip

D．crash

5.

A．noble

B．humble

C．swollen

D．unconscious

6.

A．highlight

B．duration

C．chaos

D．insight

7.

A．instructed

B．stimulated

C．alarmed

D．disturbed

8.

A．symbols

B．routines

C．luxury

D．signs

9.

A．blew up

B．relied on

C．rolled up

D．carried on

10.

A．Fortunately

B．Literally

C．Particularly

D．Urgently

11.

A．barrier

B．certificate

C．deadline

D．living

12.

A．defended

B．grasped

C．anticipated

D．dominated

13.

A．perform

B．cast

C．cite

D．expose

14.

A．awesome

B．elegant

C．fond

D．typical

15.

A．intervention

B．requirement

C．exception

D．perspective