1 . Where does food waste go? In most countries around the world, it goes into landfills (垃圾填埋场). But not in South Korea. The country banned food waste in landfills nearly 20 years ago and today, it is turned into animal feed, fertilizers and fuel.

Around the globe, 1.4 billion tons of food is thrown away every year. The waste goes into landfills where it can pollute the land and water as well as releasing methane — a greenhouse gas — into the air. In fact, food waste is the third-largest source of methane in the US.

The system that is in place in South Korea keeps almost 100 percent of unused food out of landfills. While other cities and local governments have put similar plans in place, it is not done anywhere else on a country-wide basis.

There are two reasons why South Korea passed laws to carry out mandatory (强制性的) recycling of food waste. First, the country’s cooking tradition of numerous small dishes resulted in large amounts of uneaten food. This food waste went into landfills. But the country’s mountainous geography didn’t allow for enough landfills to be built. That’s why the government forced recycling of paper and plastic in 1995 but food waste continued to be buried in landfills. But it was the neighbors of these landfills that demanded that another solution be found due to the very unpleasant smell from rotting food. The government banned organic waste from landfills in 2005. Another law that was passed in 2013 banned dumping liquid food waste in the ocean.

The system is not free but most of the cost is absorbed by the country. People can buy yellow recycling bags that are picked up on the roadside and some local governments have placed autonomous food waste collectors that require residents to pay a weight-based fee by using cards.

The food waste is collected from the bins every day except Sunday. Some of it is used to make animal feed or fertilizers and some is used to make fuel.

1. What phenomenon does the author describe in paragraph 2?

A．The US is worried about landfills.	B．Landfills are the most common.
C．Greenhouse gas is hard to avoid.	D．Food waste can cause much harm.

2. What does the author want to say in paragraph 3?

A．Other governments don’t plan to recycle food waste.

B．100 percent of food waste goes into landfills worldwide.

C．South Korea is successful in dealing with the unused food.

D．South Korea should follow others’ way of building the system.

3. What probably led to the ban in 2005?

A．Some people’s appeal.	B．Insufficient landfill sites.
C．Unhealthy traditional diets.	D．Large amounts of food waste.

4. How can people respond to the ban on waste from landfills?

A．By avoiding using cards.	B．By purchasing recycling bags.
C．By paying the cost of collectors.	D．By picking up waste on the roadside.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Traditional Chinese Ink Painting

Traditional Chinese ink painting, also known as brush painting or shui mo hua,     1    (be) an art form that has a long-standing history in Chinese culture. It is characterized by     2     use of black ink and fine brushwork to portray scenes from nature.

Often associated    3     the concept of balance and harmony, ink painting requires precision and     4    (patient),     5    (demand) thorough brush control and a deep understanding of composition by minimal brushwork. Such is the essence captured by artists     6     it allows for the viewers’ imagination to fill in the details themselves.

The subjects     7    (present) in Chinese ink painting cover a wide range of natural elements, ranging from majestic mountains and     8    (flow) rivers to delicate flowers and graceful birds. Certain techniques     9    (employ) to create depth and visual interest based on them,     10     normally include the use of shading, texture, etc.

Above all, Chinese traditional ink painting showcases the timeless beauty of nature and embodies the profound artistic expression of the traditional Chinese culture.

3 . Have you ever had this kind of childhood memory: a family sits together casually, drinking and tasting tea after lunch or dinner?     1    

After being spread to different parts of the world,     2     Now tea has finally received top-level global recognition as a shared cultural treasure of mankind. On Nov. 29, “traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China” was added to the UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage.

Traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China consist of the knowledge, skills and practices concerning the management of tea plantations (茶园) as well as the picking of tea leaves, manual processing, drinking, and sharing of tea, noted UNESCO.

    3    The most commonly used skills ranging from shaqing (杀青) to xunzhi (窨制). Chinese tea is divided into mainly six categories: green, black, yellow, oolong, white and dark. All of them follow their own processes for tea making. Practices of greeting guests with tea are shared among multiple ethnic groups and provide a sense of identity and continuity.    4    It means boiling tea at a stove — a social tea activity popular among young Chinese people.

Weilu zhucha is a replacement in the cold seasons for the camping craze. Sitting around a stove, boiling some tea, people chat, admire the scenery and immerse themselves in traditional Chinese culture by boiling tea together in person. “    5    Whenever we want some snacks, we sit around a stove and boil tea,” an Internet user commented.

A．Take tea making for example.

B．This can be fully shown by weilu zhucha.

C．tea is common in Chinese people’s daily lives.

D．It’s good to feel the warm atmosphere when boiling tea.

E．China now has 43 items on the intangible cultural heritage list.

F．tea has delighted and fascinated the world for a thousand years.

G．This has been a daily activity for Chinese people throughout their history.

4 . I made bread yesterday because I was missing my mom. As I poured over the oil, I _______ the time Mom taught me to make bread.

I was about sixteen and I asked her for a _______ for her bread. She told me she didn’t have one but she would guide me through the _______.

So I went through the process under her _______ eyes. When the water had _______, I mixed those and started adding flour, putting the dry masses into the mixture. I kept adding _______ until I couldn’t stir in anymore. Mom watched and checked from time to time to _______ the movement or to feel the shape and thickness, encouraging me to _______ it too.

As the right standard was reached, I _______ the entire mass and put it in the bowl to rise. I gave it a good pat with my hand.

Mom looked at me ________ and asked, “Why did you do that?”

I shrugged and said smilingly, “Because you always do it. Why do you do it?”

________ to a friend yesterday afternoon she suggested getting a bread maker. My answer was a swift NO! The joy is ________ the process. For me, it slows down my ________ and the process is calming in the movements.

My small batch(一团生面) produced six loaves. There was satisfaction knowing they came from my own hands—and ________ in knowing that I had extra loaves to ________ with family and friends.

1.

A．worried about

B．thought of

C．gave up

D．looked into

2.

A．recipe

B．change

C．preparation

D．preference

3.

A．journey

B．challenge

C．process

D．campaign

4.

A．anxious

B．watchful

C．shiny

D．doubtful

5.

A．cooled

B．disappeared

C．filled

D．frozen

6.

A．water

B．salt

C．flour

D．oil

7.

A．start

B．correct

C．end

D．watch

8.

A．taste

B．measure

C．weigh

D．feel

9.

A．gathered

B．covered

C．examined

D．divided

10.

A．coldly

B．angrily

C．curiously

D．shyly

11.

A．Turning

B．Talking

C．Attending

D．Appealing

12.

A．in the middle of

B．at the cost of

C．in the course of

D．for the benefit of

13.

A．mind

B．work

C．reaction

D．growth

14.

A．trouble

B．doubt

C．pleasure

D．interest

15.

A．work

B．deal

C．provide

D．share

5 . How to Read a Poem

You’ve selected the poem you want to read — congratulations! Now it’s time for the business of reading it.

Examine the title and the shape

    1     — how does it make you feel? How does the title fit the shape of the poem? If the title is sad, let the shape of the poem inform the small difference of the emotion — if it’s short and sparse (稀疏的), maybe it’s coming from a place of desolation or desperation.     2    .

Read the poem as you normally read anything

Reading poetry doesn’t require a clever approach; you can read as you’d read anything else. On the first pass through, absorb whatever it is that arises upon first impression.     3    , maybe your stomach churns (恶心) at a particular phrase, or you hold your breath at a certain line. Explore the feelings that come up as you read.

    4    

Next, try reading the poem out loud or search for readings of the poem online. This is where the music of a poem emerges, and you can feel the shape of each word and line as you move through it.

Add context to paint a full picture

Finally, return to the poem context.     5    ; look at the publication date and consider the world around the poem when it was first released. Consider where the poem lives: Was it released as part of the author’s poetry book, or was it published in a literary magazine? From these details and materials you will get a deeper understanding of the poem.

A．Re-read for sound

B．Re-read for meaning

C．Dig into the author’s history

D．Notice where in the poem you react

E．Look for where the poem offers a moment of surprise

F．Before you start a poem, you should first read the title

G．Long messy forms might mean it’s coming from a place of confusion or anger

6 . Wildfire season has begun in many places around the world. The dangerous smoke wildfires produce can spread far and wide. It blocks sunlight, poisons the air and damages the health of people and other living things.

Some of those living things could be the plants in gardens, says gardening expert Jessica Damiano, who writes gardening stories for the Associated Press. Damiano lives in New York City and recently experienced several days of very smoky air. Wildfires in eastern Canada were the source.

Damiano, like other people, limited the time she spent outdoors when the air quality was poor. She also wore a face covering when she had to go outside.

But the plants in her garden had no such escape. They had to breathe the poisoned air through the extremely small holes in their leaves.

Pollutants in smoke landing on plants can block sunlight, which is essential for photosynthesis (光合作用). Reduced photosynthesis results in reduced energy. That means slower growth. Additionally, smoke can also affect a plant’s ability to take in nutrients(营养物质).

Brooke Edmunds, a plant scientist and community horticulturalist with Oregon State University Extension, said plants that are affected by smoke for a short amount of time will usually recover quickly. “It depends on how close they are,” she said. “There could also be a localized effect, where one garden is covered in ash(灰烬), and a half-mile away, there’s nothing because that’s the way the wind was moving things around.”

The best thing home gardeners can do is keep an eye on plants. Edmunds suggests giving plants some extra love and care. “Wash the plants gently to remove pollutants left by smoke. Then give them a long, slow drink of water. Most will pull through,” Edmunds said. However, people should not use leaf blower machines to remove ashes from plants because they will risk breathing in what is blowing around.

1. What happened to Jessica Damiano?

A．She had her house burned in a fire.

B．She couldn’t afford face coverings.

C．She suffered from health problems.

D．She had to deal with poor air quality.

2. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?

A．The bad effects of smoke on plants.

B．The benefits of growing plants.

C．The role of plants in the environment.

D．The importance of water to plants.

3. What can we learn from Brooke Edmunds’s words?

A．Wind has little effect on plants.

B．Plants can sometimes make a quick recovery.

C．Ashes can spread more than half a mile.

D．Plants close to smoke usually grow well.

4. How should people protect plants affected by smoke?

A．By pulling them out of the ground.

B．By using leaf blower machines.

C．By washing them with great care.

D．By giving them a fast drink of water.

7 . With a number of rivers globally in crisis due to pollution, damming, and reduced rainfall, there’s never been a better opportunity to appreciate everything that rivers give to the world.

Rivers provide drinking water

Two thirds of the UK’s tap water is either from a river or from a river-fed body of water.     1    . For example, the Colorado River alone supports nearly 40 million Americans. That’s why it is vital to keep rivers clean and free of pollutants.

    2    

Ancient farming depended on these life-giving waters, so does modern agriculture. During the rainy season, many rivers overflow their banks, nourishing the soil with minerals and nutrients. Besides, rivers act as water sources for irrigation.

A good source of food comes from rivers

A fifth of the fish that are fished globally come from rivers and other freshwater sources. Another two thirds of fish that people eat rely on rivers for breeding, nutrients, or other reasons.     3    .

Human culture is tied to rivers

    4    . The names of the rivers in England including Thames, Leith, and Taff, disclose the island’s history. Other examples are the religious connections to the Ganges in India or the Jordan River in Israel.

Rivers provide leisure activities

    5    . River sports, boating, fishing, swimming, braving rapids, and visiting waterfalls are all ways that rivers add value and entertainment. It’s essential to work to conserve rivers for generations to come.

A．Rivers are important for agriculture

B．Rivers are more than just water under the bridge

C．Rivers are closely connected to ancient civilizations

D．A large part of our modern life is involved with rivers

E．The organization American Rivers gives a similar figure for the US

F．Consequently, rivers can provide homes for a diversity of plants and animals

G．Protecting rivers and their biodiversity is a good way to protect this valuable source of food

8 . Do you have a hard time saying“no”? If “yes” rules your life and “no” doesn’t exist, here are some tips for you to say “no” without feeling bad.

Switch out “no” for “later”

If you’re just starting out, you don’t have to jump straight to “no”.     1     . But saying later is much easier. Make your default (预设) response to any request with “Let me get back to you later.”Don’t rely on your “laters” forever, because too many would make you unreliable in the long run.

Rehearse (排演) your “no”

Sometimes, invites or requests happen naturally and in person, requiring an answer immediately.     2    . If you’re afraid of coming off as robotic or unnatural, it helps to rehearse your lines in front of a mirror.

    3    

Offering an excuse may seem polite to decline a request, but it sets you up for an awkward situation. No matter what excuse you offer, people who are determined to get you to say “yes” will come up with a way to reel (卷轴) you in.    4    . If you say “no” to them, you can still soften the blow by being polite and appreciative.

Do offer an alternative

If the person asking you for something is someone who you want to maintain a positive relationship with, you can decrease the impact of your “no” by offering an alternative.     5    . Hence, the person won’t feel upset and you don’t feel guilty for your“no”, either. It is a win-win situation!

A．Don’t offer an explanation

B．Don’t say “yes” to others easily

C．Saying “no”at once can be tough

D．But noisy places with many people aren’t your choices

E．So it would be useful to rehearse your “no” in advance

F．Being frank with people by saying “no” doesn’t mean rude

G．The goal is to find a common ground and reach an agreement

9 . Are Sports Drinks Good or Bad for You?

Sports drinks are electrolyte-enhanced drinks.    1     . They will contain electrolytes (电解 质) and sometimes contain caffeine.

There are also energy drinks that are often, and unfortunately, confused with sports drinks. Energy drinks typically contain large amounts of caffeine. Many contain other legal stimulants.   These energy drinks could reduce tiredness and enhance performance in the short term.     2    when our purpose is to restore electrolytes and water.

    3    .High amounts of caffeine can cause irregular and rapid heartbeats. Individuals may become anxious and develop sleeping problems. Those consuming energy drinks instead of sports drinks or water may become dehydrated (脱水). We know that there are ingredients in energy drinks.     4    , but they may be present in much larger quantities than people normally consume.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children and teenagers do not use energy drinks. Parents should keep in mind that there are other drinks that contain caffeine, and that many sports drinks contain very high levels of caffeine that would be far more than the daily recommended amount.    5     .

A．Many energy drinks are used in studies

B．However, they are not sports drinks and should not be used

C．Many ingredients in these energy drinks are marketed as “natural”

D．Energy drinks can be dangerous when consumed in large quantities

E．Consuming sports drinks shouldn’t be saved for the late stages of the race

F．Therefore, it’s best for children to avoid sports drinks with added caffeine

G．Their main purpose is to restore water and electrolytes lost during heavy exercise and sweating

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

It is true that educational tours can benefit students in various ways. Though the primary purpose of educational tours is     1     (educate) students, they are also used as part of the classes to cover a wide range of life skills, including teamwork, time management, and communication. This is because educational tours allow students to share experiences     2     (practical) and use them to improve their career prospects (前景). If you are setting up an educational tour, you should spend some time     3     (research) useful information on this. For example, you should focus much attention     4     the means of transportation, the budget and the number of students.

The     5     (important) of educational tours to students can     6     (stress) in various ways. First of all, this tour provides a     7     (value) opportunity for each other to exchange and learn skills. On educational field tours, students feel the sense of enjoyment     8     can offer them a fresh perspective (视角), learn new things and witness different aspects. This opens up endless possibilities of understanding the world. Going on educational tours     9     (mean) to have a major educational element, including giving students the chance to build closer bonds with their classmates, experience     10     new environment and enjoy a day away from the classroom.