1 . Ru Ling loves spending time in skywells. To her, these courtyards of old houses are the perfect place to be in on a hot and humid day. From 2014 to 2021, Ru lived in a century-old wood-framed home in the village of eastern China’s Anhui province. She moved there for a change of life after living and working in air-conditioned buildings for many years.

A skywell, or “tian jing”, is a typical feature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China. They are relatively common in historic residences in Sichuan, Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi. In today’s rapidly urbanizing (城市化) China, fewer and fewer people live in skywell dwellings—air-conditioned flats in multi-storeyed buildings and tower blocks are the main forms of homes.

But a revival (复苏) of interest in traditional Chinese architecture is leading some of historic buildings with skywells to be restored for modern times. Meanwhile, as a government push has made low-carbon innovations in the building sector a trend, some architects are drawing inspiration from skywells and other traditional Chinese architectural features to help keep new buildings cooler.

Ancient “green wisdom” such as skywells continues to inspire today’s climate adaptive design and innovations in passive cooling, according to Wang Zhengfeng, a researcher at the Institute for Area Studies at Leiden University in the Netherlands. Passive cooling is a method that incorporates design and technology to cool a building without the use of power.

However, Wang points out some challenges for bringing skywells into modern designs. The mechanisms of courtyards facilitating natural lighting, ventilation and rain collection are well known, but applying these principles needs to be site-specific. Because traditional skywells had different shapes, sizes and features, adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be sensitive to their project’s context (环境) and situation, she explains. When asked about why skywells have appealed to modern Chinese people, Wang says that the courtyard is also designed to serve as a gathering space for families or communities. “Perhaps changes in the lifestyle could also lead to nostalgia among people living in concrete and glass forests.”

1. What is the purpose of the first paragragh?

A．To introduce Ru Ling’s love for skywells.

B．To inform readers of the benefits of skywells.

C．To lead in the topic of popularity of skywells.

D．To support the idea of living in skywells.

2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A．Features and importance of the historic residences.

B．Appreciation for traditional Chinese architecture.

C．Reasons for the comeback of traditional skywells.

D．Great efforts to restore the past glory of skywells.

3. The underlined word “incorporate” can be best replaced by ______.

A．combine

B．collect

C．invent

D．replace

4. What may influence the application of skywells in modern designs?

A．Lack of enough money and experience.	B．Dependence on natural surroundings.
C．People’s specific requirements.	D．The fast speed of urbanization.

2 . 假定你是李华，12月29日下午，学校在校园内举行了各式各样的活动欢迎2024新年的到来。请你就本次活动给校园英语报写一篇报道（100词）。内容包括：
1.活动时间和地点；2.活动内容；3.活动的反响和意义。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 . 风俗和传统随文化而异。（vary）
Customs and traditions ______.

4 . 请运用倒装句
______ (不仅购物被改变) since the invention of the Internet, but also social communication has been taken over by the Internet. (根据汉语提示完成句子)

5 . The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains ______ that seem almost close enough to touch. On the plain in front of us, we can just ______ graceful animals. (根据课文内容填空)

6 . 根据句意从方框中选出适当的动词短语并用其适当形式完成句子。

adapt to,     flood into,     keep in mind,     give way to, contribute to,     stir up,     keep company with,     be stuck in

1. Britain had a hard time ______ the effect of climate change and it called for urgent action plan to decrease the effects of a warming planet.
2. After ______ the trap for hours, the Asian elephant was finally rescued.
3. Eating too much fat is considered as one of the factors ______ heart disease and high blood pressure.
4. With mountains ______ green plains dotted with cozy-looking houses, beautiful flowers and deep blue lakes, the train slowly moved forward.
5. Recently, the significant weight loss of the actress Jia Ling for a role in her new film ______ some attention.
6. As the life of senior high school came to an end, many bittersweet memories ______ my mind.
7. No one wants ______ someone who always looks upset.
8. ______ that being online is no excuse for being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully.

7 . The traditional clothing of the Han people is called Hanfu, ______ beauty is being appreciated by younger generations. (用适当的词填空)

8 . The Louvre Museum broke its attendance record in 2018 with a total of 10.2million visitors, an increase of 25 percent in ______ (compare) with 2017. (所给词的适当形式填空)

9 . On the card for Laura, I wrote a note stressing some of her q______ I admired, such as her ambitious spirit, creativity, and strong inner drive. (根据首字母单词拼写)

10 . This question has fascinated behavioural scientists for decades: why do we give money to charity?

The explanations for charitable giving fall into three broad categories, from the purely altruisic (利他的)— I donate because I value the social good done by the charity. The “impurely” altruistic— I donate because I extract value from knowing I contribute to the social good for the charity. And the not-at-all altruistic— I donate because I want to show off to potential mates how rich I am.

But are these motives strong enough to enable people to donate as much as they would want to? Most people support charities in one way or another, but often we struggle to make donations as often as we think we should. Although many people would like to leave a gift to charity in their will, they forget about it when the time comes.

Many people are also aware that they should donate to the causes that have the highest impact, but facts and figures are less attractive than narratives. In a series of experiments, it was found that people are much more responsive to charitable pleas that feature a single, identifiable beneficiary(受益者), than they are to statistical information about the scale of the problem being faced. When it comes to charitable giving, we are often ruled by our hearts and not our heads.

The good news is that charitable giving is contagious—seeing others give makes an individual more likely to give and gentle encouragement from an important person in your life can also make a big difference to your donation decisions— more than quadrupling them in our recent study. Habit also plays a part— in three recent experiments those who volunteered before were more likely to do donate their time than those who had not volunteered before.

In summary, behavioural science identifies a range of factors that influence our donations, and can help us to keep giving in the longer term. This is great news not just for charities, but also for donors.

1. What can we learn about people who do charitable giving?

A．Most people support charity as often as they think they should.

B．Some people don’t want to leave a gift to charity until the time comes.

C．Those who donate because they can gain an advantage are purely altruistic.

D．Some people send money to charity simply to tell others they are wealthy.

2. In which way will people donate more willingly?

A．Not revealing the names of the donors.

B．Showing figures about the seriousness of the problem.

C．Telling stories that feature a single, recognizable beneficiary.

D．Reminding people to write down what to donate in the will in advance.

3. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean?

A．People will learn from others and follow the suit.

B．Many people are familiar with charitable giving.

C．Charitable giving helps the beneficiary in all aspects.

D．Charitable giving can bring a lot of benefits to donors.

4. What is the writing purpose of the passage?

A．To persuade more people to donate.

B．To explain the science behind why people donate.

C．To criticize some false charitable giving behaviours.

D．To explore approaches to making people donate more.