1 . While regularly eating out seems _________________ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it is not without a cost. (所给词的适当形式填空)

2 . 假如你是李华，你校英语报正在举办“大国科技推动者”主题征文比赛，请你写一篇英语短文，介绍你最敬佩的一名科学工作者，内容包括：
1.人物简介；
2.令人敬佩的原因。
注意：
1. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
2. 词数：100左右
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . Pollution

Pollution happens when the environment is dirtied, by waste, chemicals, and other harmful substances(物质).Pollution is a problem all over the world. But it is especially bad in large cities with a lot of industries and cars.    1    

Wildfires, volcanoes, and industrial chemicals cause some air pollution. But most air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels (矿物燃料）These include coal, oil and natural gas. The burning of fossil fuels may release harmful gases. Air pollution may cause such diseases cancer and asthma. It also leads to polluted rain that can harm living things    2     Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer(臭氧层)which is important because it protects Earth against harmful rays from the sun.

Causes of water pollution are easy to see. People dump(倾倒) garbage and dirty water into river, lakes and oceans. Factories or cities sometimes release poisonous chemicals, and other wastes into water. These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink.    3    

Littering, or throwing garbage on the ground, is a form of land pollution. Litter can destroy the habitats of plants and animals. The buildup of dangerous chemicals in the ground is another form of land pollution. The chemicals may come from farms or factories.    4     They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants and animals.

Many governments, environmental groups, and ordinary people are working to control pollution. Governments have passed laws to keep people from releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment     5     Instead they are getting power from the sun, wind, water, and other energy sources to produce less pollution. Many communities use recycling to reduce pollution.

A．Farmers use chemical to help crops grow.

B．This type of pollution may be seen in big cities.

C．They also can harm fish and other forms of life.

D．These chemicals can spread to plants and animals.

E．In addition, air pollution may be a cause of global warming.

F．There are three main forms of pollution: air, water, and land.

G．Some companies and people are trying to use fewer fossil fuels.

5 . A robot created by Washington State University (WSU) scientists could help elderly people with dementia (痴呆) and other limitations live independently in their own homes.

The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors installed in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (定位) through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owner to objects like their medication or a snack in the kitchen.

“RAS combines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance in the moment, as the need for help is detected,” said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

Currently, an estimated 50 percent of adults over the age of 85 need assistance with every day activities such as preparing meals and taking medication and the annual cost for this assistance in the US is nearly $2 trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, researchers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart home will relieve some of the financial strain on the healthcare system by making it easier for older adults to live alone.

RAS is the first robot researchers have tried to incorporate into their smart home environment. They recently published a study in the journal Cognitive Systems Research that demonstrates how RAS could make life easier for older adults struggling to live independently.

“While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising,” Minor said. “The next step in the research will be to test RAS’ performance with a group of older adults to get a better idea of what prompts, video reminders and other preferences they have regarding the robot.”

1. How does RAS serve elderly people?

A．Through sensors.	B．Through objects.
C．Through a mobile robot.	D．Through their daily activities.

2. What can we know about RAS?

A．It is the first robot used in daily life.	B．Its function remains to be tested.
C．It can locate people and do any task.	D．It can cook for owners on its own.

3. What’s Minor’s attitude toward the future of RAS?

A．Doubtful.	B．Negative.
C．Optimistic.	D．Uncertain.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Elderly people leave the nursing home.

B．Smart Home Tests first elder-Care robot.

C．RAS, the first robot to make home smart.

D．Older adults have benefited from RAS.

6 . My nephew’s 10-year-old son came for a visit one hot, July weekend. I persuaded him to ____ inside and joined him in a game. After ____ for an hour, I suggested that we relax for a while. I ____ my favorite chair to let my neck relax. He left the room and I was catching a few enjoyable ____ of peace.

“Look, Alice,” he said excitedly as he ____ over to the chair where I was sitting. “I found a kite. Could we go outside and ____ it?” Looking out of a nearby window, I noticed it was ____ outside. “I’m sorry. Tripper,” I said, sad to see his ____ expression. “The wind is not ____ today. The kite won’t fly.”

The _____10-year-old boy replied, “I think it’s windy enough. I can get it to fly,” he answered ____ he hurried out to the back door.

He ran back and forth, as ____ as his ten-year-old legs would carry him, looking back ____ at the kite behind. After about ten minutes of unsuccessful trying, he came back in.

I asked, “How did it ____?” “Fine,” he said, not wanting to admit (承认) the failure. “I got it to fly some.”____, I heard him say secretly, “I guess I’ll have to wait for the _____.”

At that moment I heard another voice speak to my ____. “Alice, sometimes you are just like that. You want to do it your way ____ waiting for the wind.”

And the voice was ____. We usually want to use our own efforts to ____ what we want to do. We must learn how to make use of “the wind” in the first place!

1.

A．live

B．lie

C．study

D．stay

2.

A．fighting

B．resting

C．playing

D．selecting

3.

A．fell into

B．jumped off

C．cleaned up

D．went through

4.

A．times

B．hours

C．moments

D．periods

5.

A．sent

B．climbed

C．left

D．ran

6.

A．decorate

B．fly

C．hang

D．drop

7.

A．hot

B．fine

C．noisy

D．still

8.

A．bright

B．satisfied

C．dull

D．unhappy

9.

A．staying

B．blowing

C．going

D．stopping

10.

A．determined

B．talented

C．clever

D．generous

11.

A．as

B．unless

C．after

D．until

12.

A．hard

B．hardly

C．actively

D．gradually

13.

A．angrily

B．hopefully

C．doubtfully

D．nervously

14.

A．make

B．come

C．go

D．settle

15.

A．Therefore

B．Again

C．Instead

D．However

16.

A．news

B．order

C．wind

D．sunshine

17.

A．dream

B．memory

C．heart

D．world

18.

A．because of

B．instead of

C．except for

D．as for

19.

A．strange

B．boring

C．serious

D．right

20.

A．imagine

B．complete

C．fancy

D．decide

7 . Antarctica(南极洲)’s melting ice, which has caused global sea levels to rise by at least 13.8 millimeters over the past 40 years, was thought to primarily come from the unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet(WAIS). Now, scientists have found that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)—considered largely unaffected by climate change—may also be melting at an unexpectedly rapid speed.

The WAIS, whose base is below sea level, has long been considered the most likely to break down. Besides gravity, a deep current of warm water slips beneath the sheet, melting it from below until it becomes a floating shelf at risk of breaking away. In contrast, extreme cold and a base mostly above sea level are thought to keep the EAIS relatively safe from warm waters.

But as greenhouse gases warm much of the planet, driving stronger polar winds, some scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start to invade East Antarctica’s once unassailable ice. A cooperation of more than 60 scientists last year, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS actually added about 5 billion tons of ice each year from 1992 to 2017.

Eric Rignot of the University of California, Irvine, and colleagues combined 40 years of satellite imagery and climate modeling and found that overall Antarctica now sends six times more ice into the sea each year than it did in 1979, with the majority coming from West Antarctica. But East Antarctica was responsible for more than 30% of Antarctica’s contribution to the 13.8-millimeter sea level rise over the past 40 years. “The more we look at this system the more we realize this is fragile,” Rignot says. “Once these glaciers become unstable there is no red button to press to stop it.”

Rignot hopes the study brings greater attention to a part of Antarctica that has traditionally been understudied. Helen Fricker, a glaciologist (冰川学家) in California, agrees. “We need to monitor the entire Antarctica and we just can’t do that without international cooperation.”

1. What is the new finding of scientists?

A．The east Antarctica is losing ice at an increasing rate.

B．The west Antarctica is melting six times faster than in 1979.

C．5 billion tons of ice is added to Antarctica each year.

D．The sea level has risen by 13.8 mm over the past 40 years.

2. Which factor leads to the EAIS’s melting fast?

A．A base mostly over sea level.	B．The force of gravity.
C．The invasion of a warm current.	D．Extremely low temperature.

3. Which of the following best explains “unassailable” underlined in Para. 3 ?

A．Fragile.	B．Unattackable.
C．Mild.	D．Unstable.

4. Which way does Helen Fricker specially advocate?

A．Satellite imagery.	B．Global monitoring.
C．Worldwide climate modeling.	D．Worldwide combined efforts.

8 . 书面表达
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Sarah打算暑期来北京旅游，来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信，简单介绍以下内容：
1. 简况：长800余米、600多年历史、300余家商铺；
2. 位置：天安门广场南面；
3. 交通：公共汽车17、69、59等路，地铁2号线；
4. 特色：步行街、当当车、茶馆、剧院等。
参考词汇：步行街 pedestrian street
当当车 trolley car
地铁   subway
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头语已为你写好，请将完整的回信书写在答题卡上。
Dear Sarah,
Thank you for your letter asking about the rebuilt Qianmen Street. Here is something about it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________                                                                                                                        
Yours,                                                                                               Lihua