1 . In the 19th century, three pioneering women struggled to find their place in a male-controlled field. Elizabeth Blackwell, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and Sophia Jex-Blake—among the first female doctors—are the heroines of Olivia Campbell’s new book. The story is lively and interesting, and the main characters are full of personality and individualism. Jex-Blake is described as “big and confident, a determined educational reformer with large eyes and an even lager personality”. Garrett Anderson, referred to as “Lizzie” throughout, was equally determined but also educated, and polite. The result is a great read for anyone looking for an introduction to the history of medical women.
The biographies of the three women are woven into a bigger, grander story about medicine in the 19th century and it is slow and unwilling acceptance of female physicians (医师). Though British, Blackwell attended medical school in the US. “Lizzie” was admitted to the medical school only via a loophole (漏洞) in the admissions policy. And Jex-Blake’s attempt to sit a medical exam in Edinburgh was met with a storm of protest.
Unsurprisingly, the three heroines faced many difficulties, but their efforts finally proved successful. Women in White Coats is, therefore, a successful tale of social progress. The final concluding chapter paints a sunny picture of present-day equality within the medical profession. However, in its efforts to tell an inspiring story, the book glosses over continuing problems within the profession today. Though more women than men now graduate from medical school, they face struggles with career progression and sexism.
We need more books that don’t offer a “great white men” approach to history. However, they have to deal with the incomplete and uneven nature of progress. Inspiring as it is to read stories of heroines trying hard and succeeding against the odds, that isn’t the whole picture. Medicine might be better for women now than in the past, but the problems of the Victorian era continue to exist and we still have far to go.
1. Who might particularly enjoy reading Women in white Coats?| A．People favoring science fiction novels. |
| B．Researchers studying great white men in history. |
| C．Those interested in female pioneers in medicine. |
| D．Students curious about the development of medicine. |
| A．To praise their strong personality. |
| B．To state the success of women in medicine. |
| C．To prove their determination and confidence. |
| D．To show the challenges faced by female physicians. |
| A．Solves. | B．Ignores. | C．Stresses. | D．Defends. |
| A．Gender equality has been achieved in medicine. |
| B．The problems faced by women are a thing of the past. |
| C．History books should inspire people with women’s success. |
| D．History books should cover the successes and struggles of women. |
2 . I have frequently taught Research Methods and Design to college students at several institutions. I love teaching this course. One reason, of course, is that I enjoy thinking about research methodology (方法学) and sharing it with others. The other reason, however, is the obvious impact that it has on students. Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true? How do they know? Is this a well designed study?” That is what I want the students to achieve in this course.
This brings to mind something written by Dorothy L. Sayers in 1948. One of her books, The Lost Tools of Learning speaks to Sayers’ thoughts on education. “By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio,we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.”
We are well past the 1940s, but her observation is still relevant. Sayers’ point is well taken. In the world of 24-hour news and social media that often resembles (类似) the Wild West, the ability to carry out evaluations has never been more important. In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully.
When my students begin the Research Methods and Design course, they are generally not content to read all those research article I give. However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities.
1. What is the author’s course goal for her students?| A．Thinking critically. | B．Reading deeply. |
| C．Designing studies well. | D．Questioning themselves. |
| A．It was boring. | B．It was worrying. |
| C．It was conventional. | D．It was useless. |
| A．Popular news. | B．Various evaluations. |
| C．Persuasive arguments. | D．Misleading information. |
| A．To review a book. | B．To introduce a writer. |
| C．To suggest a practical skill. | D．To criticize social media. |
3 . Art Builds Understanding
Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand the most meaningful aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights we gain when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters can be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing.
According to the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large.
In addition, art making and art viewing are connected by creative thinking. Research in a lab at Yale University shows that an educational program that uses art appreciation activities builds creative thinking skills. It showed that the more time visitors spent engaging with art and the more they reflected on it, the greater the correspondence with the artists’ intentions and ideas.
Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential to communicate across space and time.
| A．The viewers gain a new perspective on the story. |
| B．The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art. |
| C．This helps to create connections and insights that otherwise would not happen. |
| D．To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand them as they develop their work. |
| E．After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to access the ideas of the artist. |
| F．For example, in one activity, people are asked to view a work of art from different perspectives. |
| G．Participants were more original in their thinking when compared to those who did not take part in the program. |
4 . For humans, ignorance (无知) is inevitable (不可避免的) : It's our natural state. There's too much complexity in the world for any individual to master. Ignorance can be frustrating, but the problem is not ignorance itself.
According to David Dunning, ignorant people don't know how ignorant they are. If you give a group of people a task to do and then ask them how well they think they've done on the task. Poor performers overestimate how well they've done; strong performers often underestimate their performance: This is because those who lack skills also lack the knowledge of what skills they're missing.
Our ignorance, in general, shapes our lives in ways we do not know about. Put simply, people tend to do what they know and fail to do what they don't know.
This is a fact of life.
| A．Ignorance means you have neither. |
| B．So they think they're pretty good. |
| C．It’s the trouble we get into by not recognizing it. |
| D．But ignorance has costs. |
| E．It's knowledge of possibilities that makes us miss them. |
| F．We can't choose what we don't know about. |
| G．In that way, ignorance channels the course we take in life. |
The shiny black sports car sat at the traffic lights. The driver’s window was down, and the driver was wearing a suit and dark sunglasses. It was an expensive car. Thomas Campbell knew that because he used to have one. But now he was sitting on a bench, which had served as his bed for the previous few nights, with no more than a pocket full of change to his name. The lights changed, the car sped off and Thomas sighed.
It had all happened in the space of a year. He was laid off from bis well-paid job when the economy took a turn for the worse. Although he was paid handsomely.he lived a lifestyle to match and always spent any raise or bonus on expensive but unnecessary things. Losing his job put pressure on his marriage and his wife left. Then he couldn’t make his mortgage (贷款) repayments. A few weeks later be found himself in a cheap hotel and a few months after that, in a sleeping bag under a bridge downtown.
As Thomas walked in the streets late that night.he thought about the man in the car and about whether be could improve his life again. He had grown up quite poor, so was used to not having much, but living outside was hard. Perhaps the hardest thing was how differently people treated him now when he didn’t have a suit or haircut. They often said negative things. Even worse than that was just treating him as invisible. Once he walked past someone he used to work with, they looked through him like he weren’t there, and it made him feel less than a human.
Then as be turned a corner, he heard the cries of a child from a second-storey window. He could see a little girl with a thick plume (缕) of smoke surrounding her. He looked about but no one was nearby. He shouted to the girl, but she was crying and coughing and couldn’t hear him. Then be heard another cry from inside. It was a baby.
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Thomas looked for a way into the burning building.
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People gathered across the street and they cheered for him.
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From her lifeguard station at the end of the pool, Jessica noticed clouds forming in the sky. By the time she took a break at 2:30, the wind was picking up and the sky was darkening. The pool manager announced over the loudspeaker that the pool was closing immediately, due to a weather warning. He asked everyone to head to the safety of home before the storm hit.
All of the swimmers had left by 3: 30 except for Jessica's neighbor, eight-year-old Zack Hill. Zack's mother had dropped him off at the pool while she went to work. She had planned to pick him up later, but the storm was coming fast. Jessica decided that she would drop Zack off on her way home. She taped a note for Mrs. Hill on the door of the pool office and headed out.
The minute Jessica and Zack left the parking lot, it was clear that this was no ordinary storm. The wind was very strong, the storm clouds were dark, and the sky had turned a terrible green. The rain hit just as Jessica turned onto her street, Jessica said, “Jack, I'm going to take you to my house. We need to get inside right away, and your house is farther away than mine.”
She pressed the garage-door opener, but nothing happened. The electricity was out. The front door was only a few feet away, but the wind was so strong that Jessica and Zack had to fight their way out of the car and into the house. Jessica held Zack's hand firmly. The door was heavy with the pressure of the wind. Finally, it opened, but it was blown out of Jessica's hand and it hit the side of the house. The window broke into pieces，Jessica picked up Zack and threw the two of them inside; her only thought was to get to a safe place.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150词左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
Remembering everything she could learn from her emergency training, Jessica took Zack to the basement.
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After a final crash, the sound of the storm grew distant.
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内容包括：1. 表示理解；
2. 提出建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
| Dear Li Hua, My roommates at my dorm isolate (孤立) me all the time. They have their own group chat and never talk to me. We have never had any real conflicts (冲突). I don’t know whether it’s because of different hobbies or my personality. Should I do something to change the situation? Jiujiu |
Dear Jiujiu,
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Best wishes,
Li Hua
For years Grandpa taught me chess on a well-worn chessboard, the bottom of which was covered with dozens of names and dates.
“What’s this, Grandpa?” I asked one day.
“These are the men from World War I, passing the time with me on the front line. Whenever someone beat me, I let them write their name on it.”
“This fellow, Sergeant Paul Ward, saved me from German soldiers,” Grandpa pointed to a name, “and carried me off the field. While both of us were in hospital, he beat me at chess.”
He handed the chessboard to me saying, “I want you to have it now. That’s the way it is in life: we pass our love on to the next person.
Sadly, it wasn’t long before Grandpa passed away.
Later I volunteered to be the social worker for a retirement community in a park, where I observed elderly residents sitting alone silently, heads down.
Several stone tables in the park had chessboards imprinted on them. One day, I set up my chess pieces and waited.
An elderly man cautiously approached.
“Care for a game?” I cheerfully inquired.
The man smiled weakly and sat down.
“Your move... um, didn’t catch your name.”
“Paul,” he said.
“Your move, Paul.”
He hesitated, as if not sure how to proceed. I tried not being aggressive in my play, but only delayed his defeat.
He sighed, “It’s been long since I played. Will you come tomorrow?”
“Yes, and every day after that.”
The next day when I arrived, Paul was already there, playing another elderly gentleman. I set up my pieces on a table waiting for others.
Soon our play extended to a merry club of chess-playing seniors, twenty people showing up each day and many more watching.
I didn’t played Paul after our first game but he came every day playing chess with others.
We ran short of chessboards, so I decided to bring Grandpa’s.
Paul approached once I set up the board. Staring at the chessboard thoughtfully, he said, “How about a rematch?”
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右: .
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Once we began, I saw Paul not only have his chess skills refined but also show a change of mental state.
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When I told Paul Grandpa’s custom about this chessboard and asked him to write his name on the back, Paul smiled and said, "No need.”
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Once there was a girl named Vivian who was the only child of her father. Her father was a big and successful businessman who owned seven star restaurants. He did everything only for his daughter.
Vivian was sent to the best university abroad. Although she had everything, the only thing she never owned was respect of other people.
When Vivian came back after her graduation and her father asked her to join his company as an accountant, she was naturally not happy with that. She wanted to work in a higher post but her father wanted her to start as an ordinary girl.
“Dad, I studied in the most outstanding university abroad and got a better education than any of the employees who work under you. Still, you want me to work under them?" said Vivian unhappily.
Vivian's father looked at her with a smile on his face. Vivian was annoyed by her father's reaction but she agreed to work as an accountant in the end.
After some months, there was an emergency situation in the company.One of the restaurants was short of employees because of a sudden resignation (辞职），so they were short on people to do other chores around the place and cook food fast. Vivian's father asked her to help that restaurant with him and the other employees.
When she entered the restaurant, she was hit by the air of tension around the employees. Everybody was busy doing something or other and there was a mess around the restaurant. When she went in the back of the kitchen, she saw a tower of unwashed dishes.
Her father neared her in a hurry and asked her, “Vivian, thank goodness, you are here. Darling, will you please help us and do the dishes?" He patted her on her shoulder and left her to do the dishes.
She looked at the dirty plates and spoons that were piled up before her.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“I didn't study my whole life and come first in everything to do this!”Vivian thought.
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Vivian's father picked up the gloves, put them on and started doing the dishes himself.
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1. 助残的必要性；
2. 如何关爱残疾人；
3. 发出倡议。
注意：1.词数在80词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.题目已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Caring for Disabled People Is Our Duty
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