1 . Art Builds Understanding
Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand the most meaningful aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights we gain when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters can be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing.
According to the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large.
In addition, art making and art viewing are connected by creative thinking. Research in a lab at Yale University shows that an educational program that uses art appreciation activities builds creative thinking skills. It showed that the more time visitors spent engaging with art and the more they reflected on it, the greater the correspondence with the artists’ intentions and ideas.
Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential to communicate across space and time.
| A．The viewers gain a new perspective on the story. |
| B．The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art. |
| C．This helps to create connections and insights that otherwise would not happen. |
| D．To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand them as they develop their work. |
| E．After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to access the ideas of the artist. |
| F．For example, in one activity, people are asked to view a work of art from different perspectives. |
| G．Participants were more original in their thinking when compared to those who did not take part in the program. |
2 . In the 19th century, three pioneering women struggled to find their place in a male-controlled field. Elizabeth Blackwell, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and Sophia Jex-Blake—among the first female doctors—are the heroines of Olivia Campbell’s new book. The story is lively and interesting, and the main characters are full of personality and individualism. Jex-Blake is described as “big and confident, a determined educational reformer with large eyes and an even lager personality”. Garrett Anderson, referred to as “Lizzie” throughout, was equally determined but also educated, and polite. The result is a great read for anyone looking for an introduction to the history of medical women.
The biographies of the three women are woven into a bigger, grander story about medicine in the 19th century and it is slow and unwilling acceptance of female physicians (医师). Though British, Blackwell attended medical school in the US. “Lizzie” was admitted to the medical school only via a loophole (漏洞) in the admissions policy. And Jex-Blake’s attempt to sit a medical exam in Edinburgh was met with a storm of protest.
Unsurprisingly, the three heroines faced many difficulties, but their efforts finally proved successful. Women in White Coats is, therefore, a successful tale of social progress. The final concluding chapter paints a sunny picture of present-day equality within the medical profession. However, in its efforts to tell an inspiring story, the book glosses over continuing problems within the profession today. Though more women than men now graduate from medical school, they face struggles with career progression and sexism.
We need more books that don’t offer a “great white men” approach to history. However, they have to deal with the incomplete and uneven nature of progress. Inspiring as it is to read stories of heroines trying hard and succeeding against the odds, that isn’t the whole picture. Medicine might be better for women now than in the past, but the problems of the Victorian era continue to exist and we still have far to go.
1. Who might particularly enjoy reading Women in white Coats?| A．People favoring science fiction novels. |
| B．Researchers studying great white men in history. |
| C．Those interested in female pioneers in medicine. |
| D．Students curious about the development of medicine. |
| A．To praise their strong personality. |
| B．To state the success of women in medicine. |
| C．To prove their determination and confidence. |
| D．To show the challenges faced by female physicians. |
| A．Solves. | B．Ignores. | C．Stresses. | D．Defends. |
| A．Gender equality has been achieved in medicine. |
| B．The problems faced by women are a thing of the past. |
| C．History books should inspire people with women’s success. |
| D．History books should cover the successes and struggles of women. |
It was commencement (毕业典礼) at our college. People were pouring into the hall as I entered it. Finding the choice seats in the center of the hall already taken, I pressed forward, looking to the right and left for a seat. Finally, I found one in the very front row.
Here a little girl moved along to make room for me, looking into my face with large gray eyes. Again and again I found my eyes turning to the rose-like face, and each time the gray eyes moved half-smiling to meet mine. Obviously , she was ready to make friends with me. And when, with a bright smile, she returned my dropped handkerchief, and I said “thank you”, we seemed good friends. “
Other persons now coming into the seats, crowded me quite close to the girl. Her face beamed with pleasure and pride as she said, “My brother is going to graduate. He’s going to deliver a speech. I’ ve brought these flowers to send to him”.
“That is my brother,” she went on, “that handsome one with brown wavy hair. There! He’s waving his hands now. You see him, don’t you?” “I see him,” I responded. “He’s a very good-looking brother.” She said with delight. “And he’s so good and studies so hard that he has an honor to speak.”
“His speech is a good one, and he says it beautifully. He has said it to me many times that I almost know it by heart,” the girl continued.
As the ceremony went on, my little friend became excited and restless. “Now, it’s his turn, “she said, turning to me with a face in which pride, delight and anxiety seemed equally mixed, She rose to her feet and tiptoed for a better view of her brother. By the way,her brother came up the steps and onto the stage, I also knew he was trembling. His face was pale and lips were blue as with a cold. I felt anxious that he might have been seized by stage fright. The little girl, too, seemed to realize things were not well with him.”
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
Something like fear showed in her face.
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Paragraph 2:
Surprisingly, she came up to the president, asking, “Will you let my brother try again?”
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For years Grandpa taught me chess on a well-worn chessboard, the bottom of which was covered with dozens of names and dates.
“What’s this, Grandpa?” I asked one day.
“These are the men from World War I, passing the time with me on the front line. Whenever someone beat me, I let them write their name on it.”
“This fellow, Sergeant Paul Ward, saved me from German soldiers,” Grandpa pointed to a name, “and carried me off the field. While both of us were in hospital, he beat me at chess.”
He handed the chessboard to me saying, “I want you to have it now. That’s the way it is in life: we pass our love on to the next person.
Sadly, it wasn’t long before Grandpa passed away.
Later I volunteered to be the social worker for a retirement community in a park, where I observed elderly residents sitting alone silently, heads down.
Several stone tables in the park had chessboards imprinted on them. One day, I set up my chess pieces and waited.
An elderly man cautiously approached.
“Care for a game?” I cheerfully inquired.
The man smiled weakly and sat down.
“Your move... um, didn’t catch your name.”
“Paul,” he said.
“Your move, Paul.”
He hesitated, as if not sure how to proceed. I tried not being aggressive in my play, but only delayed his defeat.
He sighed, “It’s been long since I played. Will you come tomorrow?”
“Yes, and every day after that.”
The next day when I arrived, Paul was already there, playing another elderly gentleman. I set up my pieces on a table waiting for others.
Soon our play extended to a merry club of chess-playing seniors, twenty people showing up each day and many more watching.
I didn’t played Paul after our first game but he came every day playing chess with others.
We ran short of chessboards, so I decided to bring Grandpa’s.
Paul approached once I set up the board. Staring at the chessboard thoughtfully, he said, “How about a rematch?”
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右: .
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Once we began, I saw Paul not only have his chess skills refined but also show a change of mental state.
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When I told Paul Grandpa’s custom about this chessboard and asked him to write his name on the back, Paul smiled and said, "No need.”
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The shiny black sports car sat at the traffic lights. The driver’s window was down, and the driver was wearing a suit and dark sunglasses. It was an expensive car. Thomas Campbell knew that because he used to have one. But now he was sitting on a bench, which had served as his bed for the previous few nights, with no more than a pocket full of change to his name. The lights changed, the car sped off and Thomas sighed.
It had all happened in the space of a year. He was laid off from bis well-paid job when the economy took a turn for the worse. Although he was paid handsomely.he lived a lifestyle to match and always spent any raise or bonus on expensive but unnecessary things. Losing his job put pressure on his marriage and his wife left. Then he couldn’t make his mortgage (贷款) repayments. A few weeks later be found himself in a cheap hotel and a few months after that, in a sleeping bag under a bridge downtown.
As Thomas walked in the streets late that night.he thought about the man in the car and about whether be could improve his life again. He had grown up quite poor, so was used to not having much, but living outside was hard. Perhaps the hardest thing was how differently people treated him now when he didn’t have a suit or haircut. They often said negative things. Even worse than that was just treating him as invisible. Once he walked past someone he used to work with, they looked through him like he weren’t there, and it made him feel less than a human.
Then as be turned a corner, he heard the cries of a child from a second-storey window. He could see a little girl with a thick plume (缕) of smoke surrounding her. He looked about but no one was nearby. He shouted to the girl, but she was crying and coughing and couldn’t hear him. Then be heard another cry from inside. It was a baby.
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Thomas looked for a way into the burning building.
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People gathered across the street and they cheered for him.
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内容包括：1. 表示理解；
2. 提出建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
| Dear Li Hua, My roommates at my dorm isolate (孤立) me all the time. They have their own group chat and never talk to me. We have never had any real conflicts (冲突). I don’t know whether it’s because of different hobbies or my personality. Should I do something to change the situation? Jiujiu |
Dear Jiujiu,
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Best wishes,
Li Hua
1.你认为的最重要的品质是什么；
2.该品质为什么最重要。（可结合实例加以说明）
[注意]
1.词数90左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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1、粽子的种类与制作；
2、与亲人们制作粽子过程的美好时刻。
注意：词数100字左右
参考词汇：芦苇叶 reed leaf；粽子 make rice dumplings
Rice Dumplings: a taste that is out of this world!
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9 . I have frequently taught Research Methods and Design to college students at several institutions. I love teaching this course. One reason, of course, is that I enjoy thinking about research methodology (方法学) and sharing it with others. The other reason, however, is the obvious impact that it has on students. Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true? How do they know? Is this a well designed study?” That is what I want the students to achieve in this course.
This brings to mind something written by Dorothy L. Sayers in 1948. One of her books, The Lost Tools of Learning speaks to Sayers’ thoughts on education. “By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio,we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.”
We are well past the 1940s, but her observation is still relevant. Sayers’ point is well taken. In the world of 24-hour news and social media that often resembles (类似) the Wild West, the ability to carry out evaluations has never been more important. In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully.
When my students begin the Research Methods and Design course, they are generally not content to read all those research article I give. However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities.
1. What is the author’s course goal for her students?| A．Thinking critically. | B．Reading deeply. |
| C．Designing studies well. | D．Questioning themselves. |
| A．It was boring. | B．It was worrying. |
| C．It was conventional. | D．It was useless. |
| A．Popular news. | B．Various evaluations. |
| C．Persuasive arguments. | D．Misleading information. |
| A．To review a book. | B．To introduce a writer. |
| C．To suggest a practical skill. | D．To criticize social media. |
1. 助残的必要性；
2. 如何关爱残疾人；
3. 发出倡议。
注意：1.词数在80词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.题目已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Caring for Disabled People Is Our Duty
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