The National Institutes of Health defines the disorder as “a medical condition characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite harmful social, occupational or health consequences.” Yet despite how popular it is, most people who have the disorder do not receive treatment for it, even when they reveal their drinking problem to their primary care doctor or another health care professional.
Alcohol abuse can be driven by a complex variety of factors, including stress, depression and anxiety, as well as a person’s genetics, family history and socioeconomic circumstances. Many people kick their heavy drinking habit on their own or through self-help programs like Alcoholics Anonymous or SMART Recovery. But relapse (复发) rates are very high. Research suggests that among all the people with alcohol use disorder who try to quit drinking every year, just 25 percent are able to successfully reduce their alcohol intake long-term.
Alcohol is one of the most common forms of substance (物质) abuse and a leading cause of preventable deaths and disease, killing almost 100,000 Americans annually and contributing to millions of cancers, car accidents, heart attacks and other ailments. It is also a significant cause of workplace accidents and lost work productivity, as well as a driver of tense family and personal relationships. Yet for a variety of reasons, people who need treatment rarely get it from their physicians.
Studies suggest that a major barrier to people seeking treatment is that they believe that quitting drinking is their only option. That view is driven by the popularity and long history of 12-step programs like A. A. that consider quitting drinking as the only solution to alcoholism. For some people with severe drinking problems, that may be necessary. But studies show that people who have milder forms of alcohol use disorder can improve their mental health and quality of life, as well as their blood pressure, liver health and other aspects of their physical health, by lowering their alcohol intake without quitting alcohol entirely. Yet the idea that the only option is to quit suddenly can prevent people from seeking treatment.
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My mouth felt dry as I followed my mother into the doctor’s office and sank into a chair next to hers. This doctor had a room full of gadgets (小装置) and gizmos (小物件) to analyze the learning abilities of failing students. That day he had analyzed (分析) me. “I’m sorry to tell you this, Mrs. Dow, but Peter has dyslexia (阅读障碍). A fairly serious case.”
I swallowed and tried to breathe. The doctor went on. “He’ll never read above the fourth-grade level. Since he won’t be able to complete high school requirements,I suggest you enroll (使登记) him in a trade school where he can learn to work with his hands.” I didn’t want to go to trade school (职校). I wanted to apply at Bible College in our town to be a preacher (牧师), like my dad. I forced my tears back. A twelve-year-old was too big to cry. “Thank you, Doctor.” We drove home.
Dyslexia? I’d never heard it before. Sure, I was always the slowest kid in my class. I had a special hiding place where I would cry because I couldn’t do my lessons however hard I tried. Of course, I never told my mom about that. I was too ashamed. I didn’t want to worry her, either. She had enough on her mind with teaching school full-time and taking care of Dad and me.
On reaching home, my mom looked into my eyes with tears running down her cheeks. Seeing her cry was too much for me. Before I knew what was happening, I was in her arms crying. A few minutes later she said, “Honey. I want to talk to you.”I waited,sniffling (抽泣).“You heard what the doctor said about your not finishing school. I don’t believe him.”
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右：
2.至少使用5个短文中划有下划线的关键词语：
3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
I stopped sniffling and looked at her.
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Paragraph 2:
A ray (线) of hope shone through the uncertain future.
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3 . “NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS” (NFTs) leapt from the more obscure corners of the internet into the mainstream in March 2021 when Christies, a British auction house, sold a digital work of art for $69m. What it actually flogged was an NFT, a cryptocurrency chit that proves a buyer owns an intangible marker connected to a unique piece of digital art, music or other item. Much like René Magritte’s painting of a pipe that proclaims “this is not a pipe” an NFT is not the thing it represents. Tweets, videos of basketball dunks and even the source code to the world wide web have been sold as NFTs in recent months. From June to September they generated almost $11bn in sales, an eight-fold increase on the previous four months, according to DappRadar, a market tracker. What exactly is an NFT? And why are people spending tens of millions of dollars on them?
An NFT is a record on a cryptocurrency’s blockchain (an immutable ledger（不可篡改的账本） that can record more than just virtual coins) that represents pieces of digital media. Invented a few years ago, it can link not only to art but also to text, videos or bits of code. Promoters of NFTs claim that they solve a thorny（棘手的） problem with digital art: how to own an original. For creators who freely upload their work or sell it as identical copies, the concept of an original is difficult to pin down（确定）. Exclusivity is impossible to enforce when digital files can be shared freely on the internet. But collectors want the cachet that comes with having an exclusive claim on an artwork. This is where NFTs fit in.
To mint（铸币，造币） an NFT, the creator establishes a unique record of the artwork, generally on a website. Then the creator places the record on a blockchain, usually Ethereum’s, which requires a transaction fee known as gas. Possession of a private encryption key associated with the transaction proves ownership. This gives an artist or collector something to sell. An NFT may link to a version of the work, but rarely includes the rights to reproduce or distribute it. That differentiates it from a commercial licensing arrangement, too.
NFTs have myriad（众多的） problems. They often change hands using cryptocurrencies, many of which currently have sky-high valuations, leading to fears of a bubble. Anyone can mint an NFT, since the systems involved are decentralised（去中心化的）, although doing so with someone else’s work could be infringe their copyright. Some artists have already claimed misappropriation of their work.Most NFTs are simply links to images. Unless they have been issued in a certain way to ensure they are tamper-proof（防更改的） these can in theory be meddled with after the sale. The high electricity usage of blockchains—Bitcoin’s is greater than that of Chile—has prompted arguments over whether artists are contributing to climate change by embracing NFTs. And ownership may be difficult to prove in the long term, as web-based records may not last for ever.
Yet NFTs have some value beyond the cryptocurrency hype （加密货币炒作）: artists struggle to make a living when their works can be easily replicated and pirated. NFTs will create new problems in an attempt to solve old ones, but for now many creators and collectors are too busy cashing in to care.
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?| A．What is the core concept of NFTs. | B．Where NFTs can fit in. |
| C．How to make NFTs. | D．What’s the disadvantages of NFTs. |
| A．It seldom change hands using cryptocurrencies. |
| B．The systems involved are centralized. |
| C．The high electricity usage of blockchains possibly contribute to climate change by embracing NFTs. |
| D．It is a record on a cryptocurrency’s blockchain. |
| A．Quote. | B．Analogy. | C．Comparison. | D．Personification |
| A．What is an NFT? |
| B．How to make NFTs? |
| C．NFTs have some value beyond the cryptocurrency hype. |
| D．NFTs have myriad problems. |
It was the night before Christmas and Rob was lying in bed, thinking about the next day. His family was poor, living entirely on the farm they ran, and most of the excitement of Christmas was in the turkey they had raised themselves and pumpkin pies his mother made. He rolled over to look at his old watch—it was two o'clock. Three hours later, his father would call him to get up, even if it was Christmas.
His father never talked about loving him—he had no time for such things. There was always so much to do on the farm. “Or, maybe, he just doesn’t love me,” Rob thought. He had a reason to think so. At 5 o'clock every morning, his father would call him to get up and help with the farm work. He had to go to the barn (畜棚) to hold the milking pails (挤奶桶) steadily when his father was milking the cows. He had to help put the tools in place and do the cleaning after the milking. He hated it that he had to do all these things at so early time.
He was not the only one awake at this night. He heard his parents whispering in the next room. “Mary, I hate to call Rob in the mornings. He’s growing so fast and he needs his sleep. If you could see how he sleeps when I go in to wake him up! I wish I could manage alone.”
“Well, you can’t, Adam.” His mother’s voice was gentle, “Besides, he isn’t a child anymore. It’s time he took his turn.”
“Yes,” his father said slowly. “But I do hate to wake him.”
When he heard these words, something in him spoke: his father loved him! He had never thought of that before, taking for granted the tie of their blood. Now that he knew his father loved him, he had to do something different on this Christmas. He did save and buy them each something every year, but he wished he had a better present for his father instead of the usual tie from the ten-cent store.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150词左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph1:
A good idea suddenly struck him.
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Paragraph2:
It being almost five, he rushed back to his room and jumped into bed, waiting to be woken up.
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5 . What is volunteer travel?
Volunteer travel involves taking a trip where all or part of the purpose of the trip is to participate in an arranged service opportunity helping others. Typically, the volunteer activity takes place in a foreign country, but some opportunities can involve national or regional projects.
Charitable interests often go far beyond national boundaries. People in developed countries become interested in the struggles of people in less developed countries.
| A．The primary purpose of the trip was very specific. |
| B．This type of travel has been an option for many years. |
| C．Educational institutions also made volunteer travel an option. |
| D．Sometimes, donating money is not enough to satisfy the need to help. |
| E．The Internet has helped make community service in general more popular. |
| F．These trips are usually arranged by church organizations, human interest groups or non-profits. |
| G．A new trend is that for-profit tour operators arrange group travel around volunteer opportunities. |
Some people are naturally outgoing, but other people have to practice to become outgoing. If you want to become outgoing, there are several strategies(策略)that you can use. Being “outgoing” involves learning how to present yourself to others, starting conversations, and being more confident in yourself.
One of the easiest ways to present yourself is to ask your friends, colleagues, or classmates to introduce you to their friends. For example, if you walk into a room and your friend is talking to someone else, make it a point to say hello and introduce yourself. The next time you see that person, you can say hello and, since you have already been introduced, you have built a bridge into future communication.
When you’re in a social situation, such as at a party, try to make eye contact with the other people there with a friendly smile. If the other person responds or smiles back at you，then go over to them and introduce yourself. That is usually a good sign for a possible conversation. If the person does not respond, let them go their way. There’s a difference between being “outgoing” and “pushy”. Another practical way to start a conversation with others is to use compliments(赞美). When you’re attracted by certain people, you're bound to notice little things that you appreciate. You can acknowledge these things with a sincere compliment.
Doing something that makes you feel a little uncomfortable is a good way to promote your confidence and help you become a more outgoing version of yourself. If you have never danced before but want to take a ballet lesson, try it out. Do your best to fight the inner voice telling that you can’t do something or defining(定义)yourself by what you think you should be doing instead. With each little victory, you’ll gain the confidence to step further and further outside your comfort zone.
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“Mamma,” said Susie Dean, one summer's morning, “may I go to the woods, and pick berries?”
“Yes,” replied Mrs Dean, “but you must take Rover with you.”
Susie brought her little basket and her mother put up a nice lunch for her. She tied down the cover, and fastened a tin cup to it
The little girl called Rover-a great Newfoundland dog and gave him a tin pail to carry. “If I bring it home full, mamma,” she said. “Won’t you make some berry cakes for tea?”
Away she tripped, singing as she went down the lane and across the pasture. When she got to the woods, she put her dinner basket down beside a tree, and began to pick berries.
Rover ran about, chasing a squirrel or a rabbit now and then，but never straying (偏离）far from Susie.
The tin pail (锡桶）was not a very small one. By the time it was two thirds full, Susie began to feel hungry, and thought she would eat her lunch.
Rover came and took his place at her side as soon as she began to eat. Did she not give him some of the lunch? No, she was in a selfish mood did no such thing.
“There ’ Rover, run away! There's a good dog.” she said; but Rover staid near her, watching her steadily with his clear brown eyes.
The meat he wanted so much, was soon eaten up; and all he got of the nice dinner, was a small crust (面包皮) of gingerbread that Susie threw away.
After dinner, Susie played a while by the by the brook. She threw sticks into the water, and Rover swam in and brought them back. Then she began to pick berries again.
She did not enjoy the afternoon as she did the morning. The sunshine was as bright, the berries were as sweet and plentiful, and she was neither tired nor hungry.
But good, faithful Rover was hungry, and she had not given him even one piece of meat She tried to forget how selfish she had been; but she could not do so, and quite early she started for home.
注意：
1. 所续写的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，两段开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
When she was nearly out of the woods, a rustling in the underbrush attracted her attention.
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Paragraph 2:
When the faithful dog came and rubbed his head against her hand, Susie put her arms around his neck, and burst into tears.
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At the end of the class, Mr. Smith announced our assignment for the next Monday was to talk about someone we were grateful to instead of a book report. Upon hearing it, I couldn't help complaining to Mareya that I was so nervous about having to talk in front of the whole class.
"You've been in at least three plays," Mareya pointed out. "If you don't get stage fright in front of those big audiences, why are you bothered by a few kids in our class?"
It was true, but in a play you were part of a group. I shook my head. Plus, there were so many people I was grateful to. There was no way I could possibly pick just one. Plus, even if I picked one, I'd have no idea what to say. Plus, even if I figured out what to say, I was a million-percent positive I'd mess up if I tried to say it out loud! I'd be standing there with everyone staring at me, waiting for words to come out of my mouth. "Oh, my goodness!" I pulled my sweatshirt hood (兜帽) over my face, put my hands over my ears and said, "I don't want to talk about it!"
But one thing about really good friends who knew you really well was that they didn't always do exactly what you asked them to. Mareya could be pretty pushy talking of being helpful. She scribbled (潦草地写) something on a piece of paper, lifted my hood, and smiled. She'd drawn a funny elephant with the word BREATHE coming out of its trunk.
"This is Franky, the 'everything's going to be all right' elephant." Mareya giggled. She held the picture up to her ear and asked, "What's that you say, Franky? You think my friend Arizona should come over to my house this weekend so we can work on our talks together?"
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右;
2. 应使用 5 个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好;
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
And that was exactly what happened.
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Paragraph 2:
On Monday morning, however, I decided to talk about Mareya.
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9 . Road trip stories are basically wild adventures of self-discovery. But the book Me (Moth) carves out a path through ancestry (祖先), pains and art.
Moth is a dancer with a loving, supportive family - until a terrible car accident takes them all away. Now she doesn't dance any more and lives with her sad aunt, wearing borrowed clothes and living on what feels like borrowed time, because not even the wisdom and Hoodoo (扶都教) passed down to her by her grandfather can bring back her family or ease her pain. Her survivor's guilt is so strong that she makes herself almost invisible.
Until the new boy at school, Sani, notices her. He sings when he thinks no one is listening and he sees Moth like no one else does. The two young people decide on a road trip across the country and hope to make some sense of their life on the way.
Novels in poetic language can sometimes feel awkward, but the book, Me (Moth) spills effortlessly across the page, becoming the song that Moth and Sani write together on their journey. It's all in Moth's voice, and her words dance, giving the reader a real sense of how she can move her body if she isn't afraid to. The language is sometimes so beautiful and terrible that it catches me off guard.
During their trip to the South, Moth and Sani stop to pay respect to the spirits of those who came before them, and to think about their strengths as well as the pains that they've suffered. As they do so, their own strengths and pains are connected with the ones that came before.
1. What can we learn from the underlined part in paragraph
| A．She is sad with her aunt. |
| B．She wears borrowed clothes. |
| C．She doesn't have time to dance. |
| D．She feels guilty of surviving alone. |
| A．Painful. | B．Joyful. | C．Rewarding. | D．Challenging. |
| A．A biography. | B．A book review. |
| C．A love story. | D．A travel journal. |
My name is Franklin G. Takata, but everyone around here calls me “Find-It Frankie.”
Let me tell you something: you don’t get a nickname like that overnight. I’ve been finding things since before I can remember. Mom said it all began when I started teething as a baby.
And when I turned five, I got a partner, my dog Munchy. For my fifth birthday, my parents let me pick him out at the animal shelter. When we opened his cage, the first thing he did was dig into my pocket and find the candy I had been saving for later. I guess you could say I saw a bit of my younger self in him.
Anyway, Munchy and I were playing in the yard one Thursday afternoon when Mom approached us with the case in question. Her diamond ring was missing, and she wanted us to find it. If I had known how tricky the case would be, I might have hesitated. But I said then, “There’s nothing we can’t find, guaranteed!”
I asked Mom the first question I always ask when something goes missing: “Where do you last remember seeing it?”
“ I was m the kitchen baking cookies," Mom answered. “I took off my ring and placed on the small shelf above the counter. But then your aunt called, and when I came back from talking to her, the ring was gone!”
"Hmm. Well, it couldn’t have disappeared all by itself I said. "Munchy, let’s go take a closer look.” Munchy led the way to the kitchen. There was no sign of the ring on the shelf or the counter, but tiny paw prints in the spilled flour told me who might have seen it last.
“The cat! I exclaimed. “See those prints? Mr. Jingles must have been playing with the ring and knocked it onto the floor!” On my hands and knees, I searched all over the floor for the ring. No luck.
“Munchy，you’re up! Go find Mr. Jingles.” Munchy’s ears popped up. He never passed up an opportunity to annoy the cat.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Munchy immediately located the cat asleep on the sofa.
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Unhappily, I took a bite of the cookie but stopped when I felt something hard.
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