1 . 假设近期你们班组织了一场辩论赛。讨论的主题是：城市内是否可以养宠物（pet）。请你根据以下信息，介绍辩论结果，并说明自己的看法。

正方	反方
安慰、陪伴孤寡老人	造成环境污染
人与动物和谐相处，增添生活乐趣	吵闹声，甚至伤人

要求：1. 词数80词左右；2. 适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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2 . 近年来中学生的身体健康越来越受到重视，体育运动更是中学生的必修课。你校英语社团将举办以“热爱运动”为主题的征文活动。请根据以下提示，以“Enjoy sports, enjoy life”为题写一篇英语短文投稿。
写作要点：
1.你最喜欢的运动项目和原因；
2.运动给你带来的好处；
3.如何坚持运动；
4.呼吁大家一起运动。
写作要求：
1.词数为80词左右；
2.内容必须包括所给要点， 可适当发挥， 增加细节， 使行文连贯；
3.短文开头已给出， 不计入总词数。
参考词汇： helpful (adj.有帮助的) , relax (v.放松) , keep healthy (保持健康)
Enjoy sports, enjoy life

Today doing sports is becoming more and more important to us.

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3 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。     

The woman speaking to me at the basketball game looked quite familiar. She said, “Joe? Is that you?”

“Marci?”

“It is you!” she said, smiling widely, “It’s good to see you again!”

It was good to see Marci, too. Off and on during the past tens of years, I’d wondered about her. I almost tried to find her a few years ago, after a friend told me that Marci had been going through a hard time. So running into her at the basketball game was, at the very least, unexpected.

We spent a few minutes catching up on the business of our lives: kids, work, houses, education and hobbies, etc. We played a little “Have you seen...?” and “Did you know..?” And we talked about the old days, both good and bad.

Then Marci grew quiet for a while, looking out over the people moving around. “You know, Joe,” she said, “I’ve always wanted to tell you...how...you know...how sorry I am for the way I treated you.”

I felt a little uncomfortable, remembering how Marci had broken up with me without any warning.

“It’s okay,” I said. “No big deal.” At least, I thought to myself, not anymore.

“But I was such a bad person,” she continued, lowering her head.

Yes, you were, I thought, “We were both pretty young,” I said.

“I know,” she said. “But that’s no excuse for ...” She hesitated (迟疑), and then continued: “I’ve always regretted it, remembering how mean I was to you. And I’ve wanted to tell you that I’m sorry and ask for your forgiveness. So ... I’m sorry.”

The smile on her face was warm and sincere. And there was something in her eyes — it looked a lot like relief (解脱) — that washed away my anger and hate that may have built up within me during the years since she had broken my heart.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；   2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“Okay, apology accepted!” I said.
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We all bear wounds that others have caused us.
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4 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It’s the Saturday, 1:00 am, and Stormy, my dog, and I were going on a pre-dawn bird-watching adventure. The weatherman predicted fog, but as we hit the road, it’s clear. Along our journey, I stopped at a petrol station, ensuring Stormy was safely locked in the truck.

“Stormy, hang tight,” I whispered, stepping out into the night air.

Back on the highway, as we were near the marshlands, a heavy fog began to swallow everything. At a sharp bend, my truck hit soft ground, and I lost control. “Oh, no!” Panic set in as the vehicle slid off the road with a bang, falling down a steep bank and into the water.

In the strange silence that followed, I was floating inside the car, gently carried downstream by the canal. “Come on, door,” I said, switching uselessly at the handle. It won’t move; the electrical system had shorted out due to the water. “I’ve got a glass breaker,” I reminded myself, reaching for the tool in the center part.

With each failed attempt to break the window — the glass bouncing back at me — I felt a growing sense of urgency. Water moved over the floorboards, cooling my feet. “Stormy, stay calm,” I said, lying down to kick at the window with all my strength. But my efforts only met resistance.

As the water level rose threateningly close to the ceiling, fear clawed at my heart. In a last effort, I dived behind the seat for my toolbox. “Got to find something solid.” My hands brushed against the cold metal toolbox, then the fire extinguisher (灭火器). “This might work.”

“Here goes everything,” I thought, holding the extinguisher and hitting it against the window. The impact resounded through the car, but the glass holds firm. “Not yet,” I begged under my breath, as the extinguisher bounced harmlessly away.

The water kept rising, and so did my fear. A voice inside me screamed to give up, but another thought pierced through — Stormy. “For Stormy, I can’t quit.” Just then, I sensed a pause in the water’s rise.

An unspoken sound said, “You have more time. What will you do?”

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

“I’ll fight harder,” I promised aloud.

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Exhausted, we caught the now flooded vehicle, waiting for daylight.

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5 . 假如你是光明中学足球队队长李华，请你给上海希望国际学校足球队负贵人Mr Brown发一封邮件，邀请该校足球队来你校打一场友谊赛。要点包括：

1. 发出邀请；

2. 友谊赛的意义和目的。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。

Dear Mr. Brown,

I hope this email finds you well.

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Best regards,

Li Hua

8 . When you ask people to judge others by their speech, a trend emerges: Listeners dislike disfluency. Slow talkers producing loads of ums and pauses(停顿)are generally perceived as less charming. But science tells us there may be even more to disfluency.

Disfluencies do not occur in arbitrary positions in sentences. Ums typically occur right before more difficult or low-frequency words. Imagine you’re having dinner with a friend at a restaurant,and there’re three items on the table: a knife, a glass, and a wine decanter(醒酒器). Your friend turns to you and says, “Could you hand me the...um...” What would you assume they want? Since it’s unlikely that they will hesitate before such common words as knife, and glass, chances are you’ll pick up the decanter and ask, “You mean this?”

This is exactly what we demonstrated through controlled eye-tracking studies in our lab. Apparently, listeners hear the um and predict that an uncommon word is most likely to follow.Such predictions, though, reflect more than just simple association between disfluencies and difficult words; listeners are actively considering from the speaker’s point of view. For example, when hearing a non-native speaker say the same sentence but with a thick foreign accent, listeners don’t show a preference for looking at low-frequency objects. This is probably because listeners assume non-native speakers may have as much trouble coming up with the English word for a common object, like a knife, as for unusual ones and can’t guess their intention.

In another experiment, listeners were presented with an atypical speaker who produced disfluencies before simple words and never before difficult words. Initially, participants displayed the natural predictive strategy: looking at uncommon objects. However, as more time went by, and they gained experience with this atypical distribution of disfluencies, listeners started to demonstrate the contrary predictive behavior: They tended to look at simple objects when hearing the speaker say um.

These findings represent further evidence that the human brain is a prediction machine: We continuously try to predict what will happen next, even though not all disfluencies are created equal.

1. What does the underlined word “arbitrary”mean in paragraph 2?

A．Random.

B．Strategic.

C．Obvious.

D．Consistent

2. What does the author say about the non-native speakers?

A．They can be understood easily.	B．They actively put themselves in others’ shoes
C．Their vocabularies are limited.	D．Their disfluencies are a little less predictive.

3. What does the experiment in paragraph 4 show?

A．Simple things are difficult in some cases.	B．Listeners can adjust predictions accordingly.
C．Distribution of disfluencies is changeable.	D．Disfluencies in communication can be avoided.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Pauses Coexist with Prediction.	B．Brains Are Powerful Prediction Machines.
C．Active Listeners Simplify Talks.	D．Disfluency Says More Than You Think.

10 . Every decision we make is arrived at through hugely complex neurological processing. Although it feels as though you have a choice, the action that you ‘decide’ to take is entirely directed by automatic neural activity. Brain imaging studies show that a person’s action can be predicted by their brain activity up to 10 seconds before they themselves become aware they are going to act. Multiple neuroscientific studies show that even those important decisions that feel worked out are just as automatic as knee-jerk reactions (膝跳反应) (although more complex).

Decision-making starts with the amygdala: a set of two almond-shaped nuclei (杏仁状核) buried deep within the brain, which generate emotion. The amygdala registers the information streaming in through our senses and responds to it in less than a second, sending signals throughout the brain. These produce an urge to run, fight, freeze or grab, according to how the amygdala values various stimuli.

Before we act on the amygdala’s signals, however, the information is usually processed by other brain areas, including some that produce conscious thoughts and emotions. Areas concerned with recognition work out what’s going on, those concerned with memory compare it with previous experiences, and those concerned with reasoning, judging and planning get to work on constructing various action plans. The best plan—if we are lucky—is then selected and carried out. If any of this process goes wrong, we are likely to hesitate, or do something silly.

The various stages of decision-making are marked by different types of brain activity. Fast (gamma)waves, with frequencies of 25 to 100 Hz, produce a keen awareness of the multiple factors that need to be taken into account to arrive at a decision. If you are trying to choose a sandwich, for instance, gamma waves generated in various cells within the ‘taste’ area of the brain bring to mind and compare the taste of ham, hummus, wholemeal, sourdough, and so on. Although it may seem useful to be aware of the full range of choice, too much information makes decision-making more difficult, so irrelevant factors get dismissed quickly and unconsciously.

After this comparison stage, the brain switches to slow-wave activity (12 to 30 Hz). This extinguishes most of the gamma activity, leaving just a single ‘hotspot’ of gamma waves which marks the chosen option.

Although there is no ‘you’ outside your brain to direct what it’s doing, you can help it to make good decisions by placing yourself in a situation which is likely to make the process run more smoothly. Doing something that is physically or mentally stimulating before making a decision will help your brain produce the initial gamma waves that generate awareness of the competing options. Getting over-excited, on the other hand, will prevent the switch to the slow brainwaves, making it much harder to single out a choice.

1. Why does the writer mention “knee-jerk reactions” in the first paragraph?

A．To introduce the finding of the latest brain imaging studies.

B．To illustrate that decisions are not consciously thought out.

C．To call attention to a kind of neural reaction that is not very complex.

D．To show the difference between decision-making and other brain activity.

2. What does the amygdala do according to the passage?

A．It works out conscious thoughts and emotions.

B．It selects the best action plan for a given situation.

C．It dismisses factors that are irrelevant to the decision to be made.

D．It processes sensory information and generates emotional responses.

3. What can be concluded from paragraphs 4 and 5?

A．Slow-wave activity usually lasts longer than fast-wave activity.

B．The brain prioritizes information before settling on a final choice.

C．Decision-making is difficult when slow-wave activity occurs first.

D．The brain needs as much information as possible to make a decision.

4. How does engaging in stimulating activities help the decision-making process?

A．By preparing the brain to single out the most reasonable choice.

B．By helping the brain switch to slow-wave activity more quickly.

C．By getting the brain to focus on those most relevant alternatives.

D．By making the brain more aware of the factors and choices involved.