1 . It’s worth being aware that developmental changes could make children more sensitive to the negative side of social media. During the teenage years, for example, the brain changes massively, and this can influence how young people act and feel—including making them more sensitive to social relationships, and status.
“Being a teenager is a really a major time of development,” says Orben. “You’re much more impacted by your peers, you’re much more interested in what other people think about you. And the design of social media might be more stressful at certain times.”
As well as age, other factors could influence the impact of social media on children and teenagers—but researchers are only just beginning to explore these individual differences. “There will be people who are more negatively or positively impacted at different time points. That might be due to living different lives, going through development at different points. They might be using social media differently.” says Orben.
For many parents, buying a child a phone is a practical decision. “In a lot of cases, parents are the ones that want the younger children to have phones so that they can keep in touch throughout the day.” says Odgers.
It can also be seen as a milestone on the road to adulthood. “I think for children it gives them a sense of independence and responsibility,” says Anja Stevie, researcher at the University of Vienna, Austria. “This is definitely something that parents should consider: are their children at a stage where they are responsible enough to have their own device?”
One factor parents shouldn’t overlook is how comfortable they feel with their child having a smart phone. Besides, it’s worth remembering, though, that having a smart phone need not open the floodgates to every single app or game available. “I’m increasingly hearing, when I interview children, that parents are giving them the phone but introducing requirements to check and discuss which apps they get, and I think that is probably really wise,” says Livingstone.
1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?| A．Parents feel comfortable when children have smart phones. |
| B．Many parents have a tendency to buy children smart phones. |
| C．Age does not influence the impact of social media on children. |
| D．It is unacceptable for parents to check apps on children’s phones. |
| A．Concerned. | B．Puzzled. | C．Pessimistic. | D．Subjective. |
| A．Parents’ Practical Decision | B．Negative Sides of Social Media |
| C．An Introduction of Apps & Games | D．When to Buy Children Smartphones |
6 . Sam and Lightning
Twenty-one years ago, my husband gave me a dog named Sam. Later, when we were in New Jersey, our neighbor asked us if we would like a cat. We were a little
At first, Sam and Lightning were very cautious of each other and kept their distance. Slowly, however, Lightning started to
But one day, without any warning, Sam died of a heart attack at the vet's and I had to walk back to our house
As the weeks went by, the cat's
| A．worried | B．pleased | C．annoyed | D．surprised |
| A．shy | B．active | C．quiet | D．silent |
| A．pull | B．touch | C．knock | D．follow |
| A．went out | B．stood up | C．joined in | D．broke away |
| A．smell | B．see | C．tell | D．ask |
| A．hospital | B．house | C．nest | D．family |
| A．alone | B．together | C．cheerfully | D．quickly |
| A．explain | B．count | C．argue | D．call |
| A．anxious | B．nervous | C．sad | D．happy |
| A．doubt | B．wish | C．wound | D．sorrow |
7 . The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is responsible for evaluating and judging whether a place could be titled The World Heritage Site. The group chooses sites based on historical and cultural importance, as well as their beauty.
The World Heritage in Beijing
Constructed from 1406 to 1420, The Temple of Heaven is an imperial complex of religious buildings situated in the central area of Beijing. The Temple of Heaven was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998 and was described as a masterpiece of architecture and landscape design.
The Temple comprises three main groups of constructions: The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, The Imperial Vault of Heaven and The Circular Mound Altar.
The World Heritage in Luoyang
Situated on the central plain of China, Luoyang is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization.
The Longmen Grottoes, south of the city, were excavated and carved from 493 AD to 1127 AD. It was listed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2000.The images were carved as outside rock reliefs and inside artificial caves. There are as many as 100,000 statues within the 2,345 caves. The area also has over sixty Buddhist pagodas.
The World Heritage in Wiltshire
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in England. It consists of a ring of standing stones, topped by connecting stones. The whole monument, now ruinous, is oriented towards the sunrise on the Summer Solstice.
Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon. The site and its surroundings were added to UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites in 1986.
Archaeologists believe Stonehenge was constructed from 3000 BC to 2000 BC. It could have been a burial ground from its earliest beginnings.
1. What can we learn about Stonehenge?
| A．Stonehenge is a symbol of British culture. |
| B．Stonehenge has a history of 3000 years. |
| C．Stonehenge consists of stones and wood. |
| D．Stonehenge is not oriented towards the sunrise. |
| A．there are 100,000 caves in The Longmen Grottoes |
| B．The Temple of Heaven has three main groups of buildings |
| C．only one site in Luoyang is listed in The World Heritage Sites |
| D．the Temple of Heaven has been titled the World Heritage Site for 30 years |
| A．They have caves, halls and statues. |
| B．They are ancient imperial buildings. |
| C．They all have historical and cultural value. |
| D．They are connected with Buddhist culture. |
8 . In many languages, the word for “mother/mom” takes an m-sound. Is there any reason for such near-universality?
Linguists(语言学家) generally argue for “the arbitrariness of the sign”: no connection exists between the word dog and the furry quadruped. A rare exception is onomatopoeia, where words representing the bark of a dog (bow-wow) and the buzz made by a bee are more or less similar to the sound. Yet most things are not subject to naming this way.
What about mama? It does not sound like a mother, but the fact is that some sounds are more widespread than others around the world. There are many dozens of observed consonants which are rare and hard for non-natives to learn.
In contrast, a few—such as b, m, p, t, d and k—show up far more frequently, in nearly every spoken language in the world. That is almost certainly because they are easy to make. A baby vocalising will, at first, make a vowel-like sound, usually something like “ah”, which requires little in the way of control over the mouth. If they briefly close their mouth and continue vocalising, air will come out of their nose, thus making the m-sound that is used in “mother” around the world.
Though the “mamas” bear the most obvious similarity, the “papas” have striking commonalities, too. Babies can easily stop their breath when they close their lips (rather than going on breathing through the nose). This produces a b-or a p-sound. It is surely for this reason that so many names for “father” use these consonants: papa in English, abb in Arabic and baba in Mandarin. T-and d-sounds are similarly basic, involving a simple tap of the tongue against the teeth: hence daddy, tatay (Tagalog) or tayta (Quechua).
Father and mother are, therefore, an oddity. F-is not especially easy to utter(发音); th-sounds are even harder. English, Greek and Spanish are unusual in having them. Even Anglophone children may struggle with th-sounds when they are five, or older still in many cases.
Anyway, it is hard to find linguistic universals amid the world’s dazzling variety.
1. What does the underlined word “quadruped” in Paragraph 2 most probably refer to?| A．Pronunciation | B．Sound | C．Bee | D．Animal |
| A．the sounds of the two words sound alike |
| B．air will come out of baby’s mouth directly |
| C．the sounds can be easily and naturally uttered |
| D．babies can continue their breath when closing their lips |
| A．Forthcoming. | B．Programme. | C．Magnificent. | D．Magazine. |
| A．Inspiration from babies’ smile and talks. |
| B．Linguists’ efforts to the research of sounds. |
| C．Connection between the word mum and dad. |
| D．Reasons for similar sounds in unrelated languages. |
China’s space medicine experts have started planning to set up a “space hospital”
10 . At some point, everyone wants to improve or change things in their lives.
Decide what you want to change. Take down notes on the areas of your life that aren’t working well for you. Some experts believe it is better to focus on one goal at a time to stay focused.
Have faith in yourself and in the process.
Imagine the outcome. Some experts believe that taking a few minutes every day to visualize specific goals may have a significant impact on the degree of success you experience. In some cases research has revealed that mental practices are almost as effective as true physical practice.
| A．Review your goals weekly. |
| B．Make sure your goals are attainable. |
| C．However, you may feel like tackling several goals at once. |
| D．Under the goal area, make a list of things you want to change. |
| E．The first step to goal setting is to have total belief that you can succeed. |
| F．Before you go to sleep at night, try closing your eyes and imagining your success. |
| G．A personal development plan can help you reach the goals you have been dreaming about. |
