1 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是李华，你在报上看到华夏大学将于寒假举办为期一周的“中国语言文化冬令营”活动。你的美国朋友Mike正有计划来中国旅行并了解中国文化，因此你写信建议他参加。信件内容包括：
1. 对冬令营概况的介绍
2. 你建议他参加的理由

2022中国语言文化冬令营
主要课程	日常会话、汉字书写
主要活动	品尝中国美食、欣赏中国绘画、游览故宫、长城
活动时间	2022年1月20—26日

参考词汇：
2022中国语言文化冬令营： 2022 Chinese Language and Culture Winter Camp
汉字：Chinese characters

2 . 最令我印象深刻的是，这位摄影师尽管日程繁忙仍能定期去当地的社区做志愿者。(despite, capable) (汉译英)

3 . 请不要指责快递员未能按时将包裹送达。(blame) (汉译英)

4 . 这位村民决定冒着生命危险去营救那些在暴风雪中迷路的人。(determine) (汉译英)

5 . Working-from-home dream now a reality

Sunjit Patel is a graphic designer with a well known publishing company. He has lived in England since he was five. He lives in South London, and for the last three years he has been working from home. Sunjit isn’t alone.     1     In addition, about eight million people spend some time working in the home rather in an office. This is almost twice as many as ten years ago.

This rapidly-growing trend towards working from home is the same in many countries. But why? The main reason is technological: easy access to the Internet and the availability of phone and video-conferencing. These enable people to use their home as an office in an efficient and cost-effective way.

    2     Office space is costly, so if an organization can reduce its workstations, it may be able to move to a smaller site. Employees often work better at home: travelling to work can be tiring and costs a lot time. Many homeworkers save a lot of time if they don’t travel to work and they can start the day fresher and there work more efficiently.

Sunjit Patel says, “I have been working from home since my son was born and have been really enjoying it.     3     I have known my boss and colleagues for a long time now, which really helps because you’ve got to trust each other. You also need to have regular contact, by phone, email or video conferences, and you need to make regular trips to your office. Otherwise you really miss out on the gossip and on the social side of work.”

    4     This response to a survey on homeworking was recently posted on the Internet: ‘The only people who can work from home are those who do an unnecessary job. Can surgeons work from home? Ambulance drivers? If you can work from home full-time, you have a pointless job.’

A．But, I can tell you that homeworking requires special skills like time management.

B．Not everyone agrees with Sunjit though.

C．Actually, I found it hard to work from home at first.

D．In Britain, there are 2.1 million people who work from home at present.

E．Sunjit has a lot of supporters.

F．Other reasons for homeworking are the benefits to both employers and employees.

6 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. popularity       B. recording       C. draw        D. attraction       E. risking       F. efficient G. increase       H. impress       I. transformed       J. lifestyle       K. beauty

Located on cliffs above a river, Hongyadong is a stilt-house complex (高脚屋建筑群) in traditional style in Chongqing. Its bars, restaurants and golden neon lights have been a popular     1     since it was built in 2006. The past few years have seen an explosive     2     in the number of visitors.

The main reason, it seems, has been Hongyadong’s sudden    3     on Douyin. For a while, it became the biggest attraction in China after only the Forbidden City, according to travel website Mafengwo.

Social media has     4     tourism worldwide. Instead of having fun, some people now went to remote strawberry farms to take photos to     5     their friends on Instagram. But unlike Instagram users, Douyin’s fans commonly use the app to watch popular videos posted by strangers.

In China, uploading a picture or video from a beautiful spot to sites such as Douyin and Kuaishou is known as daka. The word is also used to refer to the practice of     6     your presence at a location that has already become hot, such as Hongyadong. The aim is simply to show that you have also been to the places that are popular. The     7     of the attraction is less important than the fact that people are going there to daka.

A subculture has developed among young people who accept daka as a (n)     8    . So-called dakazu—“daka tribes”—can be found in Chongqing and other cities. Visitors try to check in at as many hot locations as possible within a single day. Guides can be found online, to show the most     9     ways to achieve this. Companies offer “daka tours”. Douyin users can use the app to create “daka videos”: super-speed slideshows of themselves at daka sites.

Just as shops and restaurants in other countries try to     10     customers with decorations that might be a background for Instagrammable pictures, those in China try to make themselves as daka-friendly as possible.

7 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Junk Food! Bad For Wallet!

A new study confirms what you may already know: Few things can stop us from hunting down the foods we really like.

The study     1     (publish) on Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that people are willing to overpay when they are longing for junk food.

In one experiment, 44 non-dieters who     2     (not eat) for four hours were asked how much they wanted 15 different snack foods, and how much they would pay for each item out of a $5 plan. Next, each person went through a multi-sensory experience which was aimed     3     (stimulate) desire for one of three desirable foods: a Snickers bar, Cheetos or a Coke. They were then asked how much they wanted that particular item, and how much they would pay for     4    .

Not only did desire increase, but the researchers also found that participants were willing to pay       5     average of $0.66 more for whatever they wanted. When they can choose from less similar (and thus, healthier) items, such as cereal, they were not willing to pay as much,     6     suggests desire for food is different from general hunger.

In a second experiment, the researchers repeated the process with 45 people. This time, however, individuals     7     choose to pay for one, two, three, five or eight “units” of whatever they wanted. The researchers found people were also willing to pay disproportionately (不成比例) more for     8     (large) quantities of whatever food they desired.

“    9     people try to eat healthier or promote drug-free lifestyles,” the researchers write in the paper, “desire could overshadow (使逊色) the value of health by boosting the values of unhealthy foods and drugs.”

On the bright side, however, the researchers estimated the effects     10     subjects’ desire would disappear within two hours, and probably less time if this good is not available, or when a person is self-regulated.

8 . 当提到节约能源，电动车未必环保，尤其在一些靠烧煤产生电力的发展中国家。（where）(汉译英）

9 . 据报道外国游客花钱购买各种商品，这促进了这座城市的经济。（which）(汉译英）

10 . 尽管烈日炎炎，这个游乐园依然每天游人如织。（Despite）(汉译英）