1 . 钟南山为抗疫 (COVID-19) 作出了巨大的贡献，这为他赢得了共和国勋章（the Medal of the Republic）。(earn) (汉译英)

2 . 我钦佩这位小女孩想成为超一流科学家的雄心，希望她的梦想能成真。(admire) (汉译英)

3 . 我们镇上在修建新铁路。(town) (汉译英)

4 . Imagine swimming in a lake on a hot summer day. The water is quite warm, but the wind is strong and the moment you leave the water you feel chilly and get “goosebumps (鸡皮疙瘩) ”. So you change clothes and move inside to warm up. You make a nice cup of tea, get under a blanket and turn on the radio. Suddenly, you hear a song from a long time ago, one that your grandmother often sang to you when you were a child.     1     Why do such seemingly unrelated events lead to the same bodily reaction?

Goosebumps are a physiological phenomenon we got from our animal ancestors. They are tiny elevations of the skin that look like the skin of children or geese after the feathers have been pulled off.     2    

Goosebumps are caused by a contraction (收缩) of muscles that are attached to each hair. Each contracting muscle creates a shallow depression (凹陷) on the skin surface. As a result, the surrounding area stands out.     3     In animals with a thick coat of hair this rising of the hair expands the layer of air. The thicker the layer of hair, the more heat is retained. In people this reaction is useless because we do not have a coat of hair on our bodies.

In addition to cold, the hair will also stand up in many animals when they feel threatened.     4     This will probably make the attacker back off. People also tend to experience goosebumps during emotional situations, such as walking down the aisle during their wedding, listening to their nation’s anthem, or even just watching horror movies. Quite often a person may get goosebumps many years after a significant event, just by thinking about the emotions they were experiencing at that time.

The reason for all these responses is the subconscious release of adrenaline (肾上腺素). It is often released when we feel cold or afraid, but also if we are under stress and feel strong emotions. Other signs of adrenaline release include sweaty palms, an increase in blood pressure, a racing heart or the feeling of “butterflies” in the stomach.

A．Therefore we could also call them “turkeybumps” or “duckbumps.”

B．Again, you feel a chill on your back and again, you get goosebumps.

C．The contraction also causes the hair to stand up whenever the body feels cold.

D．When a cat is attacked by a dog, for example, the elevated hair makes the cat appear bigger.

E．Adrenaline not only causes the contraction of skin muscles but also influences many other bodily reactions.

F．It is something we inherited from our distant ancestors, though we don’t seem to benefit from the reaction much.

5 . How to Volunteer Abroad and Actually Help People

Fear of “voluntourism” shouldn’t stop you from doing something great. We’ve all heard it. Those “voluntourists” going to Africa think they’re helping, but they’re actually going for a holiday, wasting money, and strengthening dangerous stereotypes (刻板印象). I am, though, against the idea that we shouldn’t volunteer abroad at all. How would the world be a better place without people devoting their time and resources to help others who need it?

I chose my organization well. As a student, there are so many options for volunteering abroad. I travelled with Cambridge Development Initiative, a student-run project that works on sustainable development projects in Tanzania. There were four branches and I was on the business team. We were trained on the dangers of voluntourism and on best volunteer practices. We learned about the culture and even learned some basic Swahili, the local language, before travelling. When we were in Tanzania, we stayed in the same accommodation alongside our Tanzanian team members, ate the same food, and spent our free time in the same places.

When I told my friend I was travelling to Tanzania to volunteer for the summer, he said, “Oh, you’re going to have one of those summers where you go away for a couple of months and it totally changes your profile (头像) picture.”

I didn’t change my profile picture, but I did help 23 young people start their own companies. They brainstormed ideas, surveyed target communities, improved their designs, came up with business plans, and collected seed capital for their startups. They came up with creative ideas, such as a “mini-grid” (微型电网) providing electricity to an off-grid village and a plastic-waste recycling company.

Before I went to Tanzania, I was “this close” to taking an internship in a company instead because I worried I would be contributing to the negative practice of voluntourism. Here’s how I made sure that didn’t happen, and why I think the benefits of volunteering abroad far outweigh the benefits of taking some questionable moral high reasons back home.

1. What is voluntourism?

A．A study in a developing country.

B．A trip to a developing country to help out.

C．A cultural exchange in a developing country.

D．A traveling to a developing country to help out, but doing more harm.

2. How did the writer ensure not contributing to the negative side of voluntourism?

A．By not trusting any organization.

B．By learning about the local culture and language.

C．By providing electricity to an off-grid village.

D．By making trade with the team members.

3. Which one was NOT done by the writer?

A．The writer came up with ideas to solve off-grid problems.

B．The writer helped establish young people’s own start-ups.

C．The writer gave up a corporate internship.

D．The writer went to Tanzania as a volunteer.

4. What did the writer’s friend imply?

A．The writer would have a moral high experience worth showing off.

B．The writer was able to change the profile picture after the trip.

C．The writer should help the locals as much as possible.

D．The writer should volunteer because it would be life-changing.

6 . Here is a checklist for whether you can do the following things to live a better life. Tick if you can.

Talk about your emotions and difficulties. We tend to have difficulty expressing our emotions, yet they drive so much of what we do. Worse, we compensate with drugs and alcohol to mask our feelings of not being successful. Talking about how we feel, honestly, can free us. Don’t be afraid of not being successful. We think being loved is equal to being successful, but as Vanier said, “You are beautiful as you are.” The true measure of a person is not defined by the size of his/her bank account. It’s defined by their emotional bank account, how kind they are and how they treat others. We might envy (忌妒) Mark Zuckerberg’s wealth, but admire people like Mother Teresa more. In a relationship, take the time to ask: “How are you?” You’re married to your spouse, not success. Yes, work is important to provide for our families. But being there for our families is even more important. Take the time to check in. Ask how your spouse and kids are doing. They’ll remember your thoughtfulness and love much more than your career success. Stop looking at your phone. Be present! The digital age has brought us instant communication, but are we really talking to one another? Listen to your deepest desire and follow it. Unlike animals, human beings have moral and spiritual needs. Beyond eating, procreating and existing, we search for the unknown. All of us have an inner voice that guides us. Our hearts often tell us when we are off course. Learn to trust your heart. Remember that you will die one day. Jean Vanier noted that “We’re all here, but we are just local people. Passengers on a journey. We get on and off the train and the world will continue.” Remembering that you will die one day can help guide our actions today. It can reshape the kind of person we want to be.

1. According to the passage, how can we feel relieved?

A．By fearing success.

B．By communicating your feelings.

C．By inquiring people.

D．By leaving your phone behind.

2. What does the 4^th rule tell us?

A．You are married to your husband/wife.

B．You must work for your family.

C．You should pay more attention to people around you than your work.

D．You have to ask your family’s daily routine.

3. These are the rules all about ______.

A．keeping you fit

B．improving your life attitude

C．interacting with people

D．having a relationship

7 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. rewarding       B. inspired       C. regional       D. values       E. shared       F. custom G. achieving       H. coexist       I. culturally       J. deeply       K. traditional

In the workplace, there many different cultures that     1    —including the company culture, the local culture of the business and the national or regional cultures of employees.

The culture of the workplace starts with the company’s mission and core     2     and helps the leadership team manage the employees. It affects all major operations, including recruiting employees, providing employees with compensation (赔偿金) and benefits and     3     employees for good behavior. It also informs the way an organization trains and develops its staff, how it promotes employees and any workplace traditions it follows.

The work environment is     4     affected by the culture of the organization. For example, if one of the main elements of the workplace culture is teamwork, employees will know how important it is to help one another. They will be less competitive with each other, and will instead focus on succeeding together. Such a cultural feature can enable teams to be highly productive and motivated.

Local culture affects the way people behave in the workplace. For example, if it is a     5     in local culture to spend a lot of time enjoying the natural landscape, then many employees will place importance on that activity as well.

Employees can use elements of local culture to connect with and motivate their employees. Using this example of cultural behavior, the workplace can offer outdoor activities as prizes for     6     business targets. In addition, having company functions outside at the beach or at a local park can further make the employees engaged and     7    .

In today’s global economy, it’s common for workplaces to be made up of people from different national and     8     cultures. Being culturally sensitive and aware helps employees to communicate effectively with their teammates and work toward     9     goals. It’s important for employers to take cultural diversity into account when establishing their workplace policies. Teach employees how to be     10     sensitive to their colleagues and customers who have different cultural backgrounds.

8 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Going to the theater instead of the gym might sound like you’re lazy. However, a new study said that a night in the theater can have the same effect on your heart     1     half an hour of exercise. Research by University College London (UCL) and the University of Lancaster found that     2     (enjoy) a live theater performance is good for your cardiovascular (心血管的) system. The benefits     3     be as much as those of 28 minutes of healthy aerobic exercise (有氧运动).

At the theater, the researchers monitored the heart rate of 12 individuals     4     (watch) Dreamgirls. They    5     (find) that their heartbeat was at the range of 50 to 70 percent of their maximum heart rate during the performance. According to the British Heart Foundation, this is     6     ideal heart rate to promote cardio fitness. Dr. Joseph Devlin at UCL said this clearly proved that “attending a live performance promotes cardiovascular activity.”

This study is coupled with research     7     (do) for Encore Tickets. It is a ticket company for London theaters and attractions. Thirty-three percent of theater-goers surveyed said the feeling the live experience gave them was     8     (enjoyable) part of going to the theater.

According to Devlin, this is due to the fact     9     being part of a live audience increases the emotional intensity (强度) of the experience. The highs and lows of the theater performance allow for mood swings (情绪波动), thus stimulating the heart and causing heart rate activity.

But it’s not yet time     10     (say) that you shouldn’t also be going to the gym. These theatrical highs only act as a supplement (补充) to exercise. They can’t replace your entire fitness plan.

9 . Companies like Arjuna are beginning to take action to deal with pay inequality, but it doesn't tell the full story of women's experience.

Microsoft's chief executive, Satya Nadella, earned bad fame for his ________ that women should not bother to ask for raises. ________ , he suggested in October 2014, they should have faith that the system will reward them appropriately. Stopping from asking for a raise, he added, is actually good.

When his remarks were greeted with anger, Nadella back-pedalled (出尔反尔) at the speed of light. Less than a year later, Microsoft was ________ by a former employee, Katie Moussouris , now chief policy officer at Hacker One, claiming gender prejudice.

Moussouris ________ that she was only one of a number of women at Microsoft who ________ less that their male colleagues. Moussouris also mentioned that can received preferential treatment in ________ and systematically received more favorable job reviews.

There is no way to know whether Moussouris's claims are ________ , because Microsoft does not disclose any data about the ________ to which men and women are paid differently for doing similar jobs. That may soon change, if Arjuna Capital succeeds in placing a(n) ________ before Microsoft's shareholders and convincing enough of them to vote in favor of it, thus requiring the company to ________ disclose that information for the first time and helping women make up their minds to require the ________ of the gender pay inequality.

Arjuna, the activist arm of Baldwin Brothers, an investment advisory firm, is ________ top technology firms, in search of precisely this information. Shareholders of eBays, Expedia,

Facebook and Google will vote on proposals that would ________ the creation of reports detailing the percentage of pay ________ between male and female employees, spelling out both firms' policies, in an attempt to address how the companies would set about closing or ________ that gap, and specific targets.

1.

A．dishonesty

B．advice

C．declaration

D．edition

2.

A．Initially

B．Therefore

C．Nevertheless

D．Instead

3.

A．accused

B．praised

C．cheated

D．threatened

4.

A．claimed

B．lied

C．required

D．guaranteed

5.

A．spent

B．earned

C．saved

D．wasted

6.

A．movements

B．expenses

C．promotions

D．resources

7.

A．secure

B．valuable

C．extensive

D．accurate

8.

A．content

B．extent

C．discussion

D．feedback

9.

A．resolution

B．emphasis

C．challenge

D．transform

10.

A．socially

B．quietly

C．personally

D．publicly

11.

A．improvement

B．enjoyment

C．reduction

D．emission

12.

A．referring

B．pointing

C．targeting

D．proving

13.

A．put out

B．result in

C．set up

D．rely on

14.

A．equality

B．dissatisfaction

C．protest

D．gap

15.

A．widening

B．narrowing

C．communicating

D．showing

10 . As the MOOC craze continues to explode, anyone interested in taking an online course faces a tricky question: Which course to take? Here are five aspects that you should consider before you start.

(1)What is your learning style?

Many MOOCs are video-based. Other courses use presentation formats. Some also require participation in group work. If you want to stay motivated during your course, think about how you enjoy learning.

Are you a visual learner, preferring to use images to understand a topic? If so, a video-based course will work well for you. If you are a verbal learner who gains new information by speaking and writing, try a text-based course with lots of note-taking. Social learners, meanwhile, will thrive in forum discussions and project-based assessment.

(2)Are you ready to become a full-time student?

Be realistic about the time that you can commit to your online studies. Participating in an online course can take as much time and commitment as a class-based program. Check the course requirements and make a plan around your current schedule.

(3) Does the course really meet your needs?

Whether you are interested in a professional qualification or want to take a personal development course like yoga, there is a MOOC for you. It's easy to get caught up in the excitement of taking lots of free courses in everything that you ever wanted to learn. Before you start a course, think about the end goal. Is the course aimed at beginners or advanced learners? Why do you need this qualification?

(4) Do you need a support group?

Some people learn best from seeing how others approach the problem. If you are such as learner, you will need to supplement your online lessons with an in-person support group.

(5) What kind of certification will you get?

Take time to find out what kind of certification is available upon completion of the course, and how you can prove your learning to others - for example, certificates, transcripts or digital badges.

1. What kind of MOOC's does the author recommend to verbal learners?

A．A video-based course.	B．A text-based course.
C．A forum-based discussion.	D．A project-based assessment.

2. What kind of learners need an in-person support group?

A．Learners who prefer individual work.

B．Learners who are in great need of a certificate.

C．Learners who are too busy to become a full-time student.

D．Learners who learn best from observing how others address the problem.

3. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Picking the right MOOC's for you.	B．Deciding your learning style.
C．Taking the right course you need.	D．Choosing a suitable support group.