1 . A team from Newcastle University and Northumbria Uaiversity in the UK has found that the thin, root -like threads produced by many fungi (真菌) can potentially be used as a biodegradable, wearable material that’s also able to repair itself.

In their tests, the researchers focused on the Ganoderma lucidum fungus, producing a skin from branching thin threads, which together weave into a structure called a mycelium (菌丝体). With a little more work, the fragile skins could serve as a substitute for leather, satisfying environmental and fashion tastes.

“The results suggest that mycelium materials can survive in dry and unfavourable environments, and self-repairing is possible with minimal intervention after a two -day recovery period, “write the researchers in their published paper. However, the process used to produce these materials tends to kill off the fungal spores (孢子) hat help the organism regenerate itself.

A new approach involving a mix of mycelia, proteins, and other nutrients in a liquid encouraged the growth of a skin. The results are currently too thin and delicate to be tuned into a jacket. However, the researchers are confident that it’s possible that future innovations could turn it into a tougher skin, possibly by combining layers or plasticizing in glycerol. Crucially, the production process didn’t kill off the fungal spores. Tests on the material showed that it was indeed able to replace holes made in it. The material was as strong as before, though it was still possible to see where the holes had been.

“Due to their functional properties, the ability of this regenerative mycelium material to heal micro and macro defects opens interesting future prospects for unique product applications in leather-goods replacements such as furniture, automotive seals, and fashion wear,” write there searchers.

There’s a long way to go here before you’ll be wearing clothes made out of fungus. The growing and healing processes take several days to happen at the moment for example, something which could be sped up over time.

1. What did the team find in their tests?

A．An alternative to fragile skin.

B．Thin threads shaped like roots.

C．A mycelium with a complicated structure.

D．Mycelium materials with self-healing function.

2. What is mainly presented in paragraph 3?

A．The recovery period of fungal spores.

B．Crises of mycelium materials’ survival.

C．Imperfection in producing mycelium materials.

D．The method of intervening organisms’ regeneration.

3. What can we learn about the new approach?

A．It speeds up the creation of mycelia.

B．It keeps fungal spores from destruction.

C．It makes the holes in materials invisible.

D．It combines the liquid with layers of skin.

4. What is the prospect of mycelium-based materials?

A．A flash in the pan.

B．Promising but challenging.

C．Inspiring but unachievable.

D．A growth and decline cycle.

2 . I wasn’t raised to be a fan of snails (蜗牛). I was always taught that if we see a snail on a plant, we should pick it off and_________on it. This brought us the kind of giggly (咯咯傻笑的) _________that only children experience. We loved it. However, my_________on snails has changed, as I’ve grown older. They bring me a different kind of happiness.

The first time I thought of snails as more than a_________was when I saw something that_________ me in my garden. A small snail, _________a hard shell, moved slowly toward one_________bud and explored it. The exploration lasted for quite a while and, _________enough, the bud turned into a full bloom. Watching the snail carefully touching the flower_________me of the lyric: “Snails see the beauty in every inch.” I realized that the snail is probably a best representation of__________and taking life slowly.

Then, I__________the snail in my palm. It was scared by the sudden move and immediately__________back into its shell. I thought it would__________inside for several minutes, but shortly after gutting used to the takeaway, the snail poked its head out again. It was not just hiding but__________.

Giving ourselves time to nourish (滋养) inside and out, and waiting for the right__________to reenter the exciting life, is extremely restorative and worthwhile.

1.

A．knock

B．stamp

C．lean

D．click

2.

A．relief

B．satisfaction

C．sympathy

D．scare

3.

A．view

B．focus

C．debate

D．article

4.

A．pet

B．toy

C．pest

D．mascot

5.

A．puzzles

B．interests

C．comforts

D．distracts

6.

A．dragging

B．using

C．lifting

D．pushing

7.

A．eye-catching

B．breathtaking

C．familiar-looking

D．half-blooming

8.

A．magically

B．secretly

C．swiftly

D．silently

9.

A．cured

B．reminded

C．warned

D．informed

10.

A．curiosity

B．excitement

C．calmness

D．eagerness

11.

A．placed

B．covered

C．stuck

D．wrapped

12.

A．stepped

B．drew

C．crawled

D．walked

13.

A．wander

B．sleep

C．hide

D．struggle

14.

A．competing

B．resisting

C．exploring

D．adjusting

15.

A．reason

B．position

C．moment

D．choice

3 . Eurail pass and EU Interrail pass

The Eurail pass is designed for travelers from outside of Europe and the EU Interrail pass for Europeans has been around for decades. Travelers under the age of 27 can enjoy a 25% discount — with prices starting at € 194 for the EU Interrail pass and equal $211 for the Eurail pass for travel lo up to 33 countries over four travel days within one month.

Working holiday visa

This visa (签证) scheme offers both work and leisure opportunities for young people in a longer-term adventure. Some 50 countries across the globe allow people between the ages of 18 and 30 to apply for the 12-month visa program, permitting young adventurers to live and work in a new country.

The International Student Identity Card

Being a student has no age limit, so this part is useful for anyone who’s at college. The International Student Identity Card (ISIC) is a globally recognized proof of student ID. Students with the ISIC can enjoy discounts at tourist attractions, air tickets and deals on car rental. Discounts are always changing, so check the ISIC website for any terms and conditions.

Norwegian and Scandinavian Airlines tickets

Norwegian and Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) offer discounted rates to travelers aged 12-25. The only requirement is an ID upon check-in or boarding. Norwegian and SAS both fly internationally as well as across Europe, so these discounted tickets offer plenty of chances for adventure.

1. What can we learn about the Eurail pass?

A．It costs € 194 at most.	B．It appeared a few months ago.
C．It is intended for Europeans.	D．It is legally acceptable for one month.

2. What can a student with a working holiday visa do?

A．Enjoy a 25% discount at tourist attractions.	B．Work in a foreign country for a year.
C．Travel in more than 60 countries.	D．Order SAS tickets for free.

3. Which program is not targeted at special age groups?

A．Working holiday visa.	B．Norwegian and Scandinavian Airlines tickets.
C．Eurail pass and EU Interrail pass.	D．The International Student Identity Card.

4 . Reading a new story alone is often a great way to relax. However, sometimes you just want to discuss what you’ve read with another person to bring those ideas off the page and into the world.     1    

First, find members. When you begin searching for your book club members, look in the places in your life that feel most natural to you.     2     Then, maybe it’s posting a notice on the bulletin board of your local library or bookstore. If you’re looking to “get a range of perspectives” from your club, you may want to consider looking for a diverse range of ages and genders. They can bring their varied world views to discussions.

    3     Will your time together be spent largely focusing on the novel at hand, or will refreshments ultimately be the most important? There’s the typical friends gathering at someone’s apartment and having cheese and wine approach. But oftentimes, people will be frustrated because they just turn into a social event rather than focusing on the book. In order to make sure your new group is all on the same page, take the time to discuss what you want to get out of regular club gatherings before your first official meeting.

Picking books may seem like the trickiest part. Books that work really well are ones that allow you to reflect on self. They have a lot of entry points for people so they probably have a good setting. The pacing is solid. There’s great character development and the language doesn’t get in the way of the story.     4    

Before your meetings, list some discussion questions. Remember to come up with questions depending on your book’s genre: romance, mystery, thriller and so on.     5     For example, you may ask which scene has stuck with them the most or whether there are any standout sentences.

A．It is necessary to set some group guidelines.

B．Here’s a look of four of our favorites below.

C．To start, reach out to your friends who love to read.

D．There are also general questions you can start out with.

E．You can never go wrong with the bestseller list to get the ball rolling.

F．Choose something with that criteria and you can please all kinds of readers.

G．If you’ve ever had the urge to start a book club, it’s easier than you might think.

5 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I spotted my neighbor, Monica, working in her garden one day when I returned home from school. It was sunny, and the smell of cut grass made me feel refreshed. I popped my head over the fence, and Monica and I got talking.

“I’ve seen you’re very good at using a lawn mower(割草机) and gardening tools,” Monica said. “There’s a hedge(树篱) growing over the pathway near here. It’s so overgrown that it becomes a head ache for the passers-by. I was planning to cut it back myself. Would you like to help out?”

I loved the idea of helping Monica and our community. We agreed to cut the hedge the following Sunday. My brother Ivan, aged 10, also came along to help us. We wheeled Monica’s garbage can down to the hedge, which the community council was responsible for. All three of us cut it with shears (大剪刀) until a trouble-free pathway came in sight. Mr. Brown, a wheelchair user, was grateful that he didn’t have to make a detour(绕行) any more to pass the hedge. Encouraged by his words, I suggested doing more for our community, to make it a better place.

When we first started, we just made the best of the equipment we already had in my parents’ garage. But as time went on, donations came in from the local community. Our garage got filled up quickly with brushes, gardening tools, and even donated power tools like leaf blowers. With everything ready, our first project was to beautiful park near our houses, which looked a bit run-down. Ivan was in charge of painting the fence around, Monica cleared the lawn with a leaf blower, and I was responsible for repairing the benches where our neighbors usually sat at their leisure. After two weeks’ hard work, we felt stunned when stepping back and appreciating the clean and brand new small park. My heart swelled with pride because our efforts paid off.

注意：
1.续写词数应为 150个左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I posted photos of our hard work on our local Facebook Group.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

With more neighbors joining in, we headed for the flower bed near the community center.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Shuang Jiang, or Frost’s Descent, is the last term of autumn, marking the transition from autumn to winter. Literally, Shuang Jiang refers to the time     1     frost starts to descend in China due to cold weather. In the north, with large fields     2     (do) for the season, farmers can take a break. But in the south, farmers are still busy taking sweet potatoes home before they     3     (destroy) by the coming frost. They must also protect the winter wheat and rape (油菜)     4     major pests and diseases. It is said that Frost’s Descent is the best time to adjust to a nourishing (滋补的) diet and lifestyle. Besides putting on     5     (many) clothes to keep warm, people also eat various fruits to keep healthy. Persimmon (柿子) is the favorite fruit in many areas, which not only wards off the cold,    6     strengthens the muscles and bones.

    7    (additional), honey, jelly fungus (木耳) and sesame (芝麻) are believed to help provide the necessary nutrition for the human body. For protein, chicken or mutton soup is advised to be included in the diet. With golden maple     8     (leaf) turning to red, people often go hiking in nature and enjoy the scenery during this period of time. In the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, people celebrate the Frost’s Descent Festival by     9     (offer) fruits and desserts in addition to dancing and singing folk songs on the day of Frost’s Descent in honor of Cen Yuyin, a heroine who     10     (fight) against foreign aggression in the Ming Dynasty.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Think of travel in Greece, and your mind may wander to images of ferries cruising(巡航)across the Aegean Sea. Taking to the water is essential if you plan to travel between the Greek islands, but there     1     (be) plenty of other ways to enjoy Greece’s amazing landscapes, including planes, trains, buses     2     bicycles.

Cycling in Greece is growing in     3     (popular), best done in spring and fall rather than high summer. Strong leg muscles are     4     must to tackle the mountains, or you can stick to some of the     5     (flat) coast roads than the mountain roads. Some are bicycle-friendly, but others have such steep roads     6     cycling is not recommended.

Overall, cycling infrastructure around Greece leaves something to be desired. Bicycle lanes are rare to nonexistent, and there is a real danger from speeding cars —     7     (drive) by locals and tourists alike.

Bicycles may be carried for free on some ferries, while on others, there may be a fee, or they may not be allowed at all because of a lack of space on board.

You can rent bicycles in most tourist hangouts, but they are not as     8     (wide) available as cars and motorcycles. Prices range     9     €10 to €20 per day,     10     (depend) on the type of bicycle. Always make sure the rental cost includes the use of a helmet.

8 . The Hero’s Journey

Have you ever thought of yourself as the main character of a heroic adventure? It could be good for your health. Research suggests that imagining yourself on a hero’s journey could help you achieve a more meaningful life. How can you start imagining your life as a hero’s journey?     1    

Keep a journal.

Ask yourself: What makes you you? Describe your personality and core values. Think about events in your life that made you who you are today. Then reflect on the challenges that stand in your way, and who can help you on your journey.     2    

Ask: Who’s my favorite character in a movie or book?

    3     They probably inspire you because you relate to their positive qualities. Keeping them in mind can help you see yourself from a more heroic angle.

Change the way you see obstacles.

Going through a tough time? See your problems as challenges. Think of them as opportunities for growth and learning. A challenge is a chance to develop strength and be the hero of your own story.

Go on more heroic adventures.

We like people who have new experiences and grow from their challenges. So seek out something new.     4     Or it can be dramatic, like borrowing a bike and riding it to school.

    5    

Say you’re facing a big challenge. Lou Ursa, a therapist in California, suggests thinking of a favorite hero’s story. “It can help you have that eagle-eye view of what might be next for you, or what you should be paying attention to,” Ursa says. “Stories become this map that we can always turn to.” That can be reassuring. It reminds you that a new chapter almost certainly awaits you.

A．Here, experts share some strategies.

B．Writing down a few sentences can help.

C．You don’t have to live a super heroic life.

D．When you need a motivation, think of your heroes.

E．Think of what appeals to you about that character.

F．It can be simple, like walking a new route to school.

G．Seeing your life as an adventure can enhance well-being.

9 . It wasn’t until 1985 that an exploration led by Robert Ballard and Jean-Louis Michel discovered the Titanic’s final resting place. Shortly after, Ballard urged the U. S. Congress to declare the ruins to be a memorial. In July 1986, Ballard placed a plaque (牌匾) on the ship, asking that the site be left undisturbed in memory of the more than 1, 500 people who died there.

But that didn’t happen. More than a century after the ship’s sinking, interest in the Titanic is insatiable. Although most satisfy their curiosity by visiting the museums, exhibitions, and permanent collections around the world dedicated to the ruins, those able to pay for a ticket desire to see it for themselves.

The first official salvage (打捞) effort was undertaken by the Titanic Ventures Limited Partnership (TVLP) and L’Institut Francais de Recherche pour 1’Exploitation de la Mer in 1987, when around 1, 800 items of treasure were collected and conserved. In 1992, a federal court ruled TVLP was the first and exclusive salvager of the Titanic— though in following decades, the company pushed for more. The company has conducted eight explorations to the Titanic while giving rise to a small but pricey tourism market. Researchers, salvagers, and even filmmakers like James Cameron, who directed the 1997 blockbuster film Titanic, have made countless trips to the wreck. And for a pretty penny, tourists have been able to go too.

The Titanic was damaged significantly upon impact with the seabed, and slowly, iron-eating bacteria is consuming what remains. Less than a decade after it was found, rapid worsening was being noticed. In 2019, a dive confirmed huge portions of the ship were collapsing.

Today the surrounding site is littered with trash, including beer and soda bottles, chains, and cargo nets from salvage efforts. Visitors have also littered the area with plaques and memorials. In 2001, a couple was even married in a submersible resting on the Titanic’s bow.

1. What was Ballard’s purpose of planting a plaque on the Titanic?

A．To protect the sunk wreck.	B．To build a marine memorial.
C．To honor his dead teammates.	D．To prepare for next discovery.

2. What does the underlined word “insatiable” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Easily satisfied.

B．On the decline.

C．Growing steadily.

D．Under criticism.

3. What is the feature of the journey to the Titanic?

A．It is mostly for treasure.	B．It is money-consuming.
C．It is filmmaker-targeted.	D．It is accessible to most people.

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Salvage efforts are in vain.	B．The ship is loaded with trash.
C．Visitors do damage to the ship.	D．Underwater wedding enjoys popularity.

10 . Stroke is the most important cause of disability for adults in the EU, which affects about 1. 1 million people each year. After a stroke, patients commonly need recovery to relearn to walk, talk, or perform daily tasks. Research has shown that music treatment can help stroke patients to recover language and motor function.

But for people who suffered a stroke, playing music may itself be a skill that needs to be relearned. Now, a study has shown novel soft robotics can help recovering patients to relearn playing music and other skills that require flexibility and coordination (协调) .

Dr Maohua Lin, a professor at Florida Atlantic University and colleagues designed and tested a “smart hand exoskeleton (外骨骼) ” in the shape of a multi-layered, flexible 3D-printed robo-glove, which weighs only 191g. The entire palm and wrist area of the glove are designed to be soft and flexible, and the shape of the glove can be custom-made to fit each wearer’s hand.

“While wearing the glove, human users have control over the movement of each finger to a significant extent,” said senior author Dr Erik Engeberg. “The glove is designed to assist and enhance their natural hand movements, allowing their fingers to bend and stretch freely.”

At the same time, the authors used machine learning to successfully teach the glove to “feel” the difference between playing a correct and incorrect versions of a beginner’s song on the piano. The glove can give feedback to the wearer either by touching, looking or listening. These would enable her or him to understand their performance and make improvements.

“But several challenges in this field need to be overcome. These include improving the accuracy and reliability of tactile sensing, enhancing the adaptability and flexibility of the exoskeleton design, and improving the machine learning algorithms to better interpret and respond to user input,” added Lin.

1. What is the smart hand exoskeleton?

A．A flexible robo-glove.	B．A light 3D-printed palm.
C．A multi-layered hand supporter.	D．A smart monitor worn round wrist.

2. What does Erik Engeberg stress about the exoskeleton?

A．Its simplicity of wearing.	B．Its flexibility and softness.
C．Its assistance to patients’ fingers.	D．Its significant application ranges.

3. Why does the exoskeleton offer feedback to stroke patients?

A．To get charged in time.	B．To regulate wearing period.
C．To control hand movements.	D．To better musical performance.

4. What does Lin think of the design?

A．It is hitting a bottleneck.	B．It is far from satisfactory.
C．It is a challenge to human hands.	D．It is well-received in the market.