1 . A new study by researchers from the Monell Chemical Senses Center found that the different ways we experience smells is in our DNA. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the study found that small _________ in just one olfactory(嗅觉的)receptor gene can affect how strong or pleasant an odor is for one person.

Every person’s nose has about 400 different types of _________ sensor proteins, known as olfactory receptors. One smell can _________ several different of these receptors, and receptors can be activated by several different smells. The brain interprets these receptor activation patterns to _________ millions (maybe trillions) of different smells.

“We still know very little about how olfactory receptors translate information from an odor molecule into the perception(感知)of an odor’s _________, intensity, and pleasantness,” said senior author Joel Mainland, Ph.D., an olfactory neurobiologist at Monell, in a news release. “By _________ how variation in an olfactory receptor gene changes odor perception, we can begin to understand the _________ of each receptor. This _________ will help us learn how the receptors work together so that we can decipher the olfactory code and digitize olfaction.”

For the study, researchers asked 332 people to rate how they _________ the intensity and pleasantness of nearly 70 odors. Researchers also collected DNA __________________ from all the participants. They used genetic information to identify people who had broken __________________ of certain receptors and compared their odor reception to people who had normal versions of the same receptor. They wanted to find out if the same odor appeared more pleasant or not as __________________or both.

Scientists were surprised to find that a change in a single gene could inspire __________________ in how people perceived the same smell.

“Because most odors activate several receptors, many scientists thought that __________________ one receptor wouldn’t make a difference in how we perceive that odor. Instead, our work __________________ that is not the case and changes to a single receptor can make a big difference in how you perceive an odor.” said Mainland.

1.

A．standards

B．qualities

C．competitors

D．changes

2.

A．detailed

B．specialized

C．polluted

D．relieved

3.

A．target

B．appreciate

C．activate

D．monitor

4.

A．identify

B．ignore

C．discipline

D．interact

5.

A．decision

B．status

C．success

D．quality

6.

A．choosing

B．examining

C．assessing

D．studying

7.

A．interest

B．experience

C．function

D．launch

8.

A．in turn

B．on duty

C．on sale

D．in addition

9.

A．received

B．given

C．brought

D．perceived

10.

A．strategies

B．samples

C．objects

D．items

11.

A．forms

B．tails

C．teams

D．hands

12.

A．active

B．alert

C．strong

D．narrow

13.

A．measures

B．problems

C．factors

D．differences

14.

A．creating

B．losing

C．getting

D．offering

15.

A．affects

B．points

C．shows

D．predicts

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Unlike in America,    1     the length of time spent in school usually stays constant     2     first grade through high school, the Chinese public school day, and study competition, increases as students grow     3    （old）.High school students in China get up early and arrive at school at 7:00 am,     4     （begin）their morning reading.

Reading is followed with nine lessons, including English, Math, Biology, Physics, Chinese, Chemistry, Social Studies and Physical Education. Students have a busy day with just     5     short break at noon. After the end of their lessons at 5:30 pm, students need to go back to school for self-learning, when students take     6    （quiz）, finish homework and make preparations for new topics.

During class, teachers work fast, focus on the hardest part of the topics. Students have to prepare     7     （thorough）ahead of the class, with a basic understanding of theories and concepts. A deep understanding would be appreciated by the teacher. It seems to be a rule that students conquer the basics,    8     teachers focus on mastery. Students need lots of practice on homework in order to get familiar with complex topics. This means the school day does not end when the students leave the teacher.

Chinese students     9     （face）many difficulties, because of the complex development of Chinese society. This is the     10     （real） Chinese students must deal with. For all students believing in ourselves and believing in our future is the highest priority!

3 . Aleksey Vasiliev is a photographer based in the remote Russian region of Yakutia, a freezing place where temperatures can get as low as -58 degrees Fahrenheit(-50 degrees Celsius).He is known for capturing the daily lives of Yakutians, and his photos are both fascinating and a little eerie.

In a recent interview with us, the photographer admitted that he used to be an alcoholic in the past, and when he finally decided to stop drinking, he needed something to fill the void that quitting left. That’s when he got into photography. Aleksey says that he’s inspired by Yakutia, even though he used to dream of traveling the world. “Yakutia seemed to me like a hole, an icy desert” said the photographer.

Until 2018, photography was nothing more than a hobby for Aleksey. But then he won a grant and went on to study documentary photography at the DocDocDoc photography school in St. Petersburg.

The photographer explained that Yakutia has long and freezing winters, where the temperatures can drop all the way down to -50 or even -60 degrees Celsius (-58 Fahrenheit to -76 Fahrenheit). “This winter was really cold, so we had to live in -60 Celsius for a while,” said Aleksey. “If it were not for the daily need to go out, people would prefer to stay at home all the time, drink hot tea and wait for spring. In winter, life practically stops, a dense fog during severe frosts obscures the sunlight for several weeks or months.”

However, even despite that, Aleksey welcomes people to visit Yakutia: “You will never forget this trip in your life. I promise you.”

1. What does the underlined word “void” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Gap.

B．Form.

C．Emptiness.

D．Anger.

2. What do we know about Aleksey Vasiliev?

A．He has been an alcoholic in Russian region of Yakutia.

B．He travelled to an icy desert named Yakutia.

C．He began to take photography as a hobby in 2018.

D．He took up photography thanks to the inspiration from Yakutia.

3. What can we learn about Yakutia?

A．People there tend to stay at home unless they want daily necessities.

B．The temperature ranges from -50 Fahrenheit to -60 Fahrenheit.

C．The life there runs smoothly all year round.

D．The sunlight time in winter remains long.

4. What words can best describe Aleksey Vasiliev?

A．Mean and alcoholic.	B．Brave and enthusiastic.
C．Honest and modest.	D．Kind and emotional.

4 . Explore, Learn and Make Friends — Locally and Globally!

Are you ready for a summer camp that’s fun and engaging and offers a variety of classes? You can dance, make music, act onstage and bring an artistic vision to life, dive into Marine Biology, design a robot or build an architectural model. It is all possible this summer.

You can look forward to:

·Creating your own schedule from a wide variety of classes

·Being part of a culture of belonging and possibility

·Making connections with campers from around the world

·Refueling your body and mind with tasty eco-friendly lunches

Visit Beautiful Seattle During the Summer!

Enjoy the natural beauty of the Seattle region and have fun integrating with campers from Seattle during the day. It’s a great way to improve your English while making new friends and learning new things.

2024 Tuition & Fees per Session (Lunch Included)

·Half day: $600       ·Full day: $1075       ·Full day + boarding:$2600

Registration

Registration begins February 12,2024 on a first-come, first-served basis. A $100, nonrefundable deposit, per session, per camper, holds your registration. Full payment is due June 1,2023. Payment can be made via Credit Card, Bank Transfer or Money Order.

Click here for more detailed information.

1. What is not the feature of the summer camp?

A．Choose to study anthropology in summer camp.

B．Improve cross-cultural communication skills.

C．Improve aesthetic ability and engineering literacy.

D．Enjoy delicious and environmentally-friendly food.

2. How much do two full-day campers without boarding have to pay?

A．$1,075

B．$1,200

C．$2,150

D．$2,350

3. What can be inferred from the text?

A．Campers can admire the scenery and culture of various regions of the US.

B．Summer camp registration has a fixed payment method.

C．Readers could find the text in a travel and vacation magazine.

D．Campers have access to a cultural power of possibility.

5 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. During which season did the speaker’s journey take place?

A．Winter.

B．Fall.

C．Summer.

2. What is the speaker’s biggest challenge?

A．Traveling alone.

B．Challenging weather conditions.

C．Overcoming physical difficulties.

3. What did the family do for the speaker?

A．They taught him a new language.

B．They invited him to their house.

C．They taught him how to ride a horse.

4. Why did the speaker first begin his trip?

A．To have more materials for his book.

B．To visit the host family.

C．To make new friends.

6 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is the main idea of the conversation?

A．The fact that robots will replace humans entirely.

B．The fact that robots will take jobs from humans.

C．The fact that robots will be introduced into people’s homes.

2. How does the man think about robots?

A．They do more with less cost.

B．They are not very friendly.

C．They break down regularly.

3. What percentage of jobs will be at risk during the next decade?

A．3%.

B．15%.

C．33%.

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is the man’s job about?

A．Observing the planets.

B．Teaching others knowledge.

C．Going into space to do research.

2. What is the man looking at today?

A．Mars.

B．Venus.

C．The Moon.

3. Where will the woman have lunch?

A．At the man’s office.

B．At a café.

C．At her home.

4. What will the woman do next?

A．Go home.

B．Have lunch.

C．Use the telescope.

8 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

My niece Anna is a lovely girl with a gold heart. We live quite near to each other. She would join us on weekends or holidays and do some little things for people in need around us. Last summer, 12-year-old Anna was staying with us for a couple of days. She was remembering some acts of kindness that we did together when she was less than five years old. We talked about how much things have changed, and with the pandemic, how difficult it would be to do so many of those things, especially when it comes to strangers.

The next day, I needed something for painting from the downtown area and happened to take Anna with me. It was a hot afternoon. Trees along the street stood still under the burning sun. People with or without masks passing by seemed bored or spiritless. We were walking on the street when we heard a beautiful male voice singing a very soulful song. We turned around to find a middle-aged man sitting on a street corner with his guitar, a bowl placed in front him. Cars raced by and some pedestrians just cast a look at him and continued their walk. Then, an old couple paused and seated themselves on a bench at a distance listening to his music.

After finishing our shopping, we happened to sit at an outdoor dining restaurant across from him on the other side of the street. My niece was deeply touched by his singing. “Aunt, I love his singing so much, but how blue it sounds! It seems to be telling a sad story.” The girl said softly. There were even tears in her big eyes. Seeing how moved she was with his music, at the end of our meal, I bought a freshly made chicken leg. I put it in her hand with a ten-dollar bill and asked her to walk across the street and do what she wanted. “Really?” she hugged me, bright eyes sparkling with surprise and joy.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

She headed over and as she approached, the man was just finishing a song.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Last weekend my niece and I were enjoying a live concert downtown when my niece let out a cry in excitement.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9 . The award-winning documentary “Feeding Tomorrow” explores the American food system’s shortcomings and the urgent need for change. Directed by Oliver and Simon English, the film dives deep into the complex web of issues surrounding food, climate change, and agriculture, leaving viewers with a clear realization of the challenges ahead.

At its core, “Feeding Tomorrow” raises fundamental questions about humanity’s relationship with the planet and the consequences of our consumption patterns. As the global population reaches up to 10 billion, the film shows the serious reality that our current methods of food production are unsustainable. With agriculture already occupying half of the habitable land and consuming 70% of freshwater resources, the harm on the environment is reaching critical levels.

The documentary reveals the interconnectedness of food, climate, and health, weaving together narratives from diverse voices in the fields of farming, health, and education. Through the stories of innovators like Mark Shepard, Clare Fox, and Lisa McDowell, “Feeding Tomorrow” highlights the urgent need for systemic change.

One of the central themes of the documentary is the importance of regenerative farming practices. By promoting biodiversity and topsoil growth, regenerative agriculture offers a promising path towards sustainability. The film emphasizes the need to transition from conventional, monoculture (单一) farming to more overall approaches.

Moreover, “Feeding Tomorrow” shows the significance of adopting plant-forward diets and reducing meat consumption. With animal agriculture being a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation (恶化), the documentary advocates for a shift towards more sustainable dietary habits.

Ultimately, “Feeding Tomorrow” serves as a cry for collective action and social change. It challenges viewers to reevaluate their relationship with food and embrace sustainable practices that benefit both people and the planet. The documentary reminds us that the power to shape a better future lies in our hands. In the words of Mark Shepard, “What are you going to eat for dinner tonight? Start asking the questions.”

1. What do we know about our current food production methods?

A．They are suitable to feed the increasing population.

B．They are inefficient and harmful to the environment.

C．They are too focused on producing large quantities of food.

D．They are all outdated and need to be replaced with new ones.

2. Why does “Feeding Tomorrow” tell some innovators’ stories?

A．To praise their achievements.	B．To indicate different opinions.
C．To stress the necessity of change.	D．To give examples of farming methods.

3. What does the documentary appeal people to do in paragraph 4?

A．Keep the balance of nature.	B．Take up sustainable practices.
C．Prioritize economic interests.	D．Invest in agricultural innovations.

4. What is the main purpose of the text?

A．To briefly introduce an award-winning film.	B．To explore American agriculture’s issues.
C．To present new food production methods.	D．To show the impact of climate on agriculture.

10 . “What do you mean by this phrase? It’s incorrect and adds nothing to the sentence. Omit (省略).” Professor Jones’s critical feedback on my paper hurt me when I first read it. I scanned his comments for a “Good job!” or “I love this idea,” but they were nowhere to be found.

Everyone likes warmth and encouragement, but purely positive affirmations (肯定) don’t communicate what can be improved. Research conducted on Character Lab Research Network finds that direct, useful feedback requiring students to revise their own work is more effective. For Professor Jones, this looked like a note at the end of another paper: “I’m sure things will improve as the term and year wear on.” However, feedback that does the work for a student—correcting a misspelled word, rewriting a sentence—can signal a teacher’s low expectations.

When kids see comments that suggest what needs to be changed, they come to realize they can do things on their own and become more independent learners. As a bonus, this kind of feedback lets students know that their teacher believes in them.

As for me, I was benedictory for Professor Jones’s pointed criticism which let me know that he took me seriously. He was expecting me to do better, and the detailed comments scrawled (潦草地写) on every page gave me the tools to improve. Teachers can add affirmations to their feedback as long as it’s not the only thing they’re doing.

Don’t confuse warmth with promoting a growth mindset. Being nice isn’t the same as showing someone you believe they can improve. So give detailed feedback that sets young people up to take charge of their own learning. For example, instead of rewriting a sentence, say: “This is a run-on sentence. Try reading it out loud and add punctuation in places where you naturally take a breath.” Ask worth-exploring questions that inspire students to think about their approach, then let them revise on their own. When it comes to writing, the easiest path isn’t always the best one.

1. How did the author initially feel about Professor Jones’s feedback?

A．Happy and motivated.	B．Upset and disappointed.
C．Indifferent and unconcerned.	D．Confident and encouraged.

2. What is the key aspect of effective feedback mentioned in the article?

A．It should be brief and to the point.	B．It should be warm and encouraging.
C．It should be written at the end of the paper.	D．It should be up to students to fix their own work.

3. What does the underlined word “benedictory” mean in paragraph 4?

A．Responsible.

B．Generous.

C．Regretful.

D．Grateful.

4. What should teachers do when checking student’s paper according to the text?

A．Give students general praise.	B．Rewrite sentences for students.
C．Provide students critical support.	D．Show students corrected assignments.