1 . Dogs Bow to Wolves as Cooperators
If you need help herding some sheep or retrieving a stick, you can count on your canine companion, because dogs always seem to be keen on
For thousands of years, humans have been breeding dogs that can do all sorts of neat tricks. And because pups aim to please, we’ve come to think that domestication has somehow
“So wolves live in
That’s Sarah Marshall-Pescini of the Wolf Science Center at the University of Vienna. She and her colleagues decided to test dogs’ and wolves’
A dozen wolves and 14 dogs took the challenge. And the results? The wolves ran circles around their doggie descendants. In some 400 attempts, the wolf teams
Now, it’s not that dogs are less earnest learners. Or that they turned tail and avoided the apparatus (装置). Marshall-Pescini says the pooches (杂种狗) were
“What seemed to be happening was that they didn’t want to get into conflict with each other. So they wouldn’t both go and try things on it but rather took it
So rather than step on each other’s toes, the dogs took turns bowing out, giving their teammate a chance at the plate. That show of social grace left the poor pups with their tummies growling. And no
A.lending a paw | B.grabbing a bite | C.making a mess | D.taking a stand |
A.lost | B.skilled | C.decisive | D.confident |
A.disturbed | B.boosted | C.preferred | D.affected |
A.remedies | B.winners | C.companions | D.loners |
A.closely knit | B.hard won | C.locally sourced | D.well regulated |
A.burden | B.basis | C.mark | D.dependence |
A.In contrast | B.In particular | C.In reality | D.Strangely yet |
A.exceptional | B.hesitant | C.inseparable | D.loose |
A.relevant | B.related | C.relative | D.combined |
A.equipped | B.presented | C.crowned | D.lined |
A.serve | B.access | C.trap | D.fetch |
A.handled | B.threw | C.spotted | D.scored |
A.bored | B.stressful | C.curious | D.upset |
A.in turns | B.in balance | C.at east | D.in order |
A.treat | B.delight | C.pleasure | D.sight |
2 . It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to
Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your
Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of
Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more
The reality of success (at least in terms of
Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the
The truth is: chance and coincidences
This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur but it is all about the individual’s
A.challenge | B.adopt | C.finance | D.reject |
A.performances | B.accomplishments | C.assessments | D.outcomes |
A.accounts for | B.applies to | C.makes up for | D.depends on |
A.in reward | B.after all | C.in turn | D.by nature |
A.chance | B.accident | C.education | D.diligence |
A.emphasizes | B.overlooks | C.maintains | D.weakens |
A.manageable | B.vital | C.slippery | D.minor |
A.reputation | B.income | C.education | D.occupation |
A.wealthier | B.poorer | C.unique | D.diverse |
A.Nevertheless | B.Contrarily | C.Consequently | D.Similarly |
A.profession | B.circle | C.community | D.university |
A.certificates | B.online platforms | C.career fairs | D.family connections |
A.contribute to | B.result from | C.add to | D.hold back |
A.inspiring | B.encouraging | C.appealing | D.discouraging |
A.reluctance | B.eagerness | C.readiness | D.resolution |
3 . A young man Jermaine Scott set up in business as a barber in Madison, Tennessee, about a year ago. He gradually noted the kids were
He created “Barbershop Books Day” to help not only the kids, but also the anxious parents. Madison has many low-income and impoverished(贫穷的) families and many are entirely focused on just keeping their
Scott began his
A.addicted | B.reduced | C.adapted | D.contributed |
A.safe | B.hard | C.possible | D.pleasant |
A.advertisement | B.support | C.celebration | D.birth |
A.satisfied | B.discounted | C.free | D.complete |
A.borrow | B.purchase | C.read | D.choose |
A.lights | B.hair | C.shirt | D.hands |
A.overlook | B.afford | C.believe | D.fall |
A.arise | B.devote | C.count | D.advance |
A.travel | B.principle | C.lesson | D.initiative |
A.contents | B.titles | C.orders | D.donations |
A.realised | B.mentioned | C.caught | D.told |
A.expanding | B.applying | C.comparing | D.adding |
A.agrees | B.intends | C.needs | D.proves |
A.typical | B.classical | C.positive | D.negative |
A.enthusiasm | B.activity | C.schedule | D.relief |
4 . People often say that “failure is the mother of success.” This cliché (陈词滥调) might have some truth to it, but it
Manalo and Manu Kapur, a professor of learning sciences at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, put together a special issue of the journal Thinking Skills and Creativity last December on
Manalo and his co-authors also contributed their own study focused on overcoming one fundamental, everyday form of failure: not
The researchers dubbed this finding “the Hemingway effect,” for the author’s self-reported
Demystifying failure and teaching students not to
A.undoubtedly | B.vividly | C.hardly | D.intentionally |
A.in reality | B.by contrast | C.with question | D.after all |
A.running into | B.accounting for | C.contributing to | D.benefiting from |
A.celebrating | B.evaluating | C.achieving | D.predicting |
A.move forward | B.stand by | C.dash backward | D.run away |
A.instant | B.constructive | C.informal | D.sincere |
A.assigning | B.reporting | C.handling | D.completing |
A.grants | B.approval | C.instructions | D.training |
A.stopped | B.examined | C.notified | D.guided |
A.subject | B.closer | C.devoted | D.crucial |
A.in other words | B.moreover | C.nevertheless | D.in particular |
A.reluctance | B.eagerness | C.tendency | D.ability |
A.inevitable | B.perceived | C.worthwhile | D.permanent |
A.comprehend | B.fear | C.overcome | D.pursue |
A.adds | B.recalls | C.doubts | D.challenges |
5 . If you are a dog owner looking to add a new cat to your home, it's important that you strategize how you will introduce the two species to each other in your household. The
The good news is that there is an effective way to make sure both of them
Your dog will know there's a
After a few days, let your dog stay in the room with the cat. When doing so, leave the door open, and make sure that it is after your dog has exercised as he will be
Always make sure the cat has a way to run away from the dog. Having a(n)
A.last | B.relevant | C.remarkable | D.specific |
A.give up | B.take part | C.turn out | D.get along |
A.trends | B.examples | C.tips | D.interests |
A.fascinated | B.involved | C.scared | D.separated |
A.clean | B.leave | C.paint | D.ruin |
A.new | B.nice | C.strong | D.terrible |
A.food | B.toy | C.cat | D.owner |
A.popular | B.familiar | C.satisfied | D.bored |
A.braver | B.happier | C.calmer | D.stronger |
A.eating | B.jumping | C.training | D.exercising |
A.reward | B.tool | C.model | D.responsibility |
A.large | B.attractive | C.limited | D.safe |
A.excited | B.comfortable | C.embarrassed | D.angry |
6 . Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses, and the front lines of this revolution may be forming in China. Its market is wide open for
VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their brain—but not their body—to
Researchers around the world have been
In China, treatment rates of mental disorders are low, which is partially linked to a shortage of trained professionals. World Health Organization data show China’s concentration of psychiatrists is four times lower than the global average, with only 2.2 per 100,000 people (the U.S. rate is 10.5). Another reason for low treatment rates is
Many supporters of mental health VR think it can help
Despite the enthusiasm, however, experts warn that technology is no panacea(灵丹妙药). “VR can only be one part of mental health care and not the whole system,” one expert says. Even some of the technology’s strongest supporters
Still, with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care,
A.promotion | B.complaint | C.innovation | D.trade |
A.worsening | B.improving | C.relieving | D.challenging |
A.For example | B.What’s more | C.By contrast | D.In conclusion |
A.prevent | B.experience | C.postpone | D.support |
A.group | B.standard | C.exposure | D.relaxation |
A.testing | B.adopting | C.exporting | D.transferring |
A.maintenance | B.intervention | C.equipment | D.defense |
A.effective | B.sensitive | C.complex | D.fair |
A.scientific | B.specific | C.cultural | D.diplomatic |
A.anxiety | B.shame | C.endurance | D.competition |
A.bring | B.address | C.create | D.face |
A.secret | B.safe | C.quiet | D.private |
A.caution | B.require | C.protest | D.explain |
A.financial | B.environmental | C.digital | D.public |
A.widen | B.close | C.discover | D.avoid |
7 . In 1968 a grave dating from about 1100 was uncovered near Hattula, in Finland, Little remained of the occupant’s skeleton, but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. The skeleton was,
This would be noteworthy enough. But a re-examination of the remains, just published in the European Journal of Archaeology by Ulla Moilanen of the University of Turku and Elina Salmela of the University of Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet more
In 1968 working out the
Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. Find DNA from a Y-chromosome in a skeleton and the chances are the body was
Having an abnormal number of sex chromosomes is rare, but not vanishingly so. The particular
While Dr Salmela was working all this out, Ms. Moilanen and her team had another look at the grave. They confirmed that it was a
A.therefore | B.what’s more | C.nevertheless | D.for instance |
A.intensified | B.classified | C.dismissed | D.compared |
A.dull | B.engaging | C.unpleasant | D.frightening |
A.in question | B.at large | C.by comparison | D.with doubt |
A.composition | B.age | C.sex | D.origin |
A.distinct | B.unidentified | C.alike | D.broken |
A.female | B.old | C.young | D.male |
A.cooperation | B.authority | C.institute | D.adventure |
A.restored | B.extra | C.missing | D.dominant |
A.requirement | B.interest | C.combination | D.emphasis |
A.inspirations | B.lessons | C.inferences | D.comparisons |
A.eliminate | B.monitor | C.imitate | D.generate |
A.rejected | B.concluded | C.recalled | D.confessed |
A.high-status | B.secret | C.religious | D.peaceful |
A.conclusion | B.evidence | C.respect | D.solution |
8 . I teach economics at UNLV three times per week. Last Monday, at the beginning of class, I
His question
“Let me give you an example,” I continued, addressing all sixty students in the class. “In addition to teaching here at UNLV, I also teach out at the community college in Henderson, 17 miles down the freeway from where I live. One day a few weeks ago, I drove those 17 miles to Henderson. I
“As soon as I got there, I called AAA (汽车协会) and asked them to arrange for a tow truck to meet me at my car after class. The secretary in the office asked me what has happened. “This is my
“‘But your car breaks down’, she was confused, ‘What do you mean?’”
“‘I live 17 miles from here,’ I replied. ‘My car
“The secretary’s eyes opened wide, and then she smiled, I smiled back and headed for class.” So ended my story.
I scanned the sixty faces in my economics class at UNLV. Somehow, my story had touched them. Or maybe it wasn’t the story at all. In fact, it had all started with a student’s
A.deliberately | B.cheerfully | C.curiously | D.typically |
A.reminded | B.assured | C.informed | D.relieved |
A.arrange | B.evaluate | C.approach | D.improve |
A.missed | B.followed | C.exited | D.took |
A.dragged | B.marched | C.struggled | D.wandered |
A.awkward | B.unexpected | C.glorious | D.lucky |
A.shouldn’t | B.must | C.couldn’t | D.might |
A.near | B.off | C.down | D.on |
A.convenient | B.confusing | C.cautious | D.challenging |
A.objection | B.implication | C.observation | D.suspicion |
9 . On March 16th I left the offices of The Economist to head home. That was the last day when all editorial staff assembled in our London office. And, at the time of writing, no date for a return to the office is in
It is remarkable how quickly we have adapted. The newspaper has been written, edited and produced from couches and kitchen tables. January and February seem like an ancient era — the BC (before coronavirus) to the new AD (after
The shift may
Not only that, it has made remote work seem both normal and acceptable. In the past employees who stayed home had to overcome the
Things are
Yet
Another aspect of the AD era may be the disappearance of the five-day working week. Even before the pandemic many workers became used to taking phone calls or answering emails at the weekend. In the AD era, the
In future employees may work and take breaks when they please, with the company video call the only
A.doubt | B.sight | C.mind | D.hope |
A.domestication | B.transition | C.isolation | D.pandemic |
A.affect | B.shape | C.arouse | D.rival |
A.on | B.off | C.over | D.down |
A.suspicion | B.difficulty | C.prejudice | D.disadvantage |
A.advancing | B.reversing | C.interfering | D.missing |
A.remote | B.intense | C.casual | D.novel |
A.now that | B.in case | C.even though | D.as long as |
A.Commuters | B.Legislators | C.Executives | D.Employers |
A.in demand | B.beyond reach | C.at issue | D.on top |
A.balance | B.barrier | C.connection | D.conflict |
A.fixture | B.engagement | C.priority | D.interaction |
A.perspectives | B.routines | C.regulations | D.equivalents |
A.better | B.harder | C.more | D.fewer |
A.access | B.progress | C.return | D.contrast |
10 . GuiltyPleasures? No Such Thing
We know them when we see them: The TV shows and movies we love, even though we just know they’re bad. The trashy books we simply can’t
Yes, these are our guilty pleasures — what some people consider the
Taking a mental break and enjoying something that doesn’t require intense intellectual
If that’s true, then why do guilty pleasures get such a bad
One important value of a guilty pleasure is the
Still, it’s best to follow the age-old advice our parents taught us: Everything in moderation. Though guilt can enhance pleasure in some cases, it can also push us to indulge in
A.turn down | B.take in | C.tear apart | D.put down |
A.junk | B.sugary | C.spiritual | D.transformative |
A.relaxed | B.guilty | C.helpless | D.alert |
A.mass | B.moderation | C.minimum | D.depression |
A.focus | B.superiority | C.quality | D.development |
A.struggle | B.charge | C.engage | D.persevere |
A.breakup | B.principle | C.condition | D.reputation |
A.consciousness | B.obligation | C.attitudes | D.requirements |
A.switch | B.receive | C.claim | D.decrease |
A.remove | B.discourage | C.distinguish | D.prevent |
A.conflict | B.difference | C.exchange | D.bond |
A.established | B.underestimated | C.found | D.strengthened |
A.In addition | B.On the contrary | C.All in all | D.Therefore |
A.enthusiastically | B.casually | C.openly | D.politely |
A.theories | B.behaviors | C.problems | D.relationships |