1 . Called ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), the idea is to use surface water warmed by the sun to heat a fluid such as ammonia or water, which then runs a heat engine to produce energy, just like a power plant driven by steam. Cold water from deeper layers of the ocean would then be piped up to cool the fluid and repeat the cycle. Theoretically, oceans could provide vast amounts of electricity like this. Researchers have estimated that there is enough ocean heat to supply 7,000 gigawatt s a year without affecting ocean circulation, enough to supply the world’s electricity demand— if we can access it.
The idea was first put forward in 1881, but went largely unexplored until the 1970s oil. crisis drove a search for new sources of energy. In the years since, demonstration projects have been built, but progress has been “disappointing”, says AI Binger at SIDS DOCK, an organisation that promotes clean energy development in small island countries. In recent years, a fresh urgency to transition away from fossil fuels has brought a suggestion of an OTEC return. “It’s the most promising it’s been in many decades,” says Andrea Copping at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Washington state.
Tropical (热带的) islands are good candidates for OTEC because of their high energy costs— diesel (柴油) generators are common there—and the presence of deep cold water not far from shore, says James Van Zwieten at Florida Atlantic University. Islands also have less space for other types of renewables. A barrier for past projects was the cost of fixing kilometres of large pipes to reach deep water. Global OTEC aims to avoid that by extending a shorter pipe from a platform floating in deep water 10 kilometres offshore, then transmitting electricity back via a cable (电缆), and making use of advances made in offshore wind technology.
“OTEC will be part of providing a reasonable energy transition so these places aren’t depending on diesel imports from the richest petrol states in the world,” says Dan Grech, Global OTEC’s CEO.
1. What can we learn about OTEC technology from paragraph 1?| A．It mainly uses offshore wind to generate electricity. |
| B．It has been widely applied to the oceans all over the world. |
| C．It can clean the water in the deeper layers of the ocean. |
| D．It depends strongly on the temperature difference in the ocean. |
| A．The advantages of OTEC. | B．The development of OTEC. |
| C．Successful projects of OTEC. | D．Different opinions on OTEC. |
| A．Lacking technology for generating electricity. |
| B．Being far away from the shore. |
| C．Enormous investment in the pipe equipment. |
| D．Great demand for the space. |
| A．Opposed. | B．Supportive. | C．Doubtful. | D．Uncaring. |
2 . Four Useful Ways to Stop Comparing Yourself to Others
•Don’t compare your life to everyone else’s highlight reel (高光时刻). Are you ready for my most shocking observation yet?
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•Have boundaries around how much time you spend on social media. Don’t follow any accounts that tend to make you feel bad about yourself. Set a timer and allow yourself to scroll (滚屏) for 30 minutes.
•Learn to compete with yourself instead of others. Instead of focusing on where you are compared to others, focus on your own goals. Where are you compared to where you were at this time last year? In the past year, you’ve learned, stretched, improved, accomplished and created.
| A．Make them personal |
| B．Focus on your strengths |
| C．Love your imperfections |
| D．Social media doesn’t always reflect reality |
| E．When time is up, step away from social media |
| F．It has been suggested to restrict it to only one hour a day |
| G．Think about how much of that you’ve done in your lifetime |
3 . Vishwanath Mallabadi Davangere has a unique talent for turning abandoned items into amazing works of art. From metal and plastic to old devices and circuit boards, Vishwanath selects only the finest “good stuff” with potential for transformation.
Vishwanath’s father was a well-known sculptor and painter, but he had hopes of his son becoming a doctor. But Vishwanath had other ideas. He was fascinated with upcycling second-hand objects from a young age, and decided to pursue a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Applied Art. Even as a high-level administrator at Wipro, working in Talent Transformation, Vishwanath wouldn’t shake his passion for eco-art. In his free time and on the weekends, he devoted himself to experimenting with e-waste and creating one-of-a-kind masterpieces before retiring two years ago.
With India facing a growing e-waste crisis, producing 10.1 lakh tonnes in 2019-20 with only 22.7% recycled, Vishwanath’s passion for recycling is more important than ever. As he learned more about the harm e-waste was causing to the environment, he took his art to the next level creating paintings and sculptures that spread awareness about this urgent issue.
From computer keyboard keys to data cards and even wristwatch parts, Vishwanath has transformed over 500 pieces of e-waste into amazing pieces of art! He has created a six-foot-tall sculpture, eco-jewellery and even wearable art for a fashion show. One of his masterpieces—an awesome landscape—was inspired by Vincent van Gogh’s The Starry Night.
In just a few short minutes, he can turn pieces of e-waste into great pieces of jewellery. When it comes to sculptures, the process might take weeks or even months. But it’s all worth it because sustainable initiatives and upcycled art are fashionable these days. Companies everywhere are looking to adopt a more sustainable culture, and Vishwanath’s art is the perfect addition to any eco-friendly office or home.
1. What was Vishwanath’s occupation before retirement?| A．A doctor. | B．A famous sculptor. |
| C．A conservation scientist. | D．A senior manager of a firm. |
| A．The features of Vishwanath’s works. | B．The seriousness of e-waste in India. |
| C．The motivation for Vishwanath’s creations. | D．The achievements of Vishwanath. |
| A．The Starry Night. | B．The eco-jewellery. |
| C．An impressive landscape. | D．A six-foot-tall sculpture. |
| A．It’s promising. | B．It’s unpredictable. |
| C．It will lose its appeal. | D．It won’t be accepted by companies. |
4 . Australia Post is celebrating the 10th anniversary of BirdLife Australia’s Aussie Bird Count with three of our most commonly seen birds set to be flying across the globe on a commemorative stamp issue launch today.
Rainbow Lorikeet: Known for its kaleidoscopic colors, the Rainbow Lorikeet has been the number one most seen bird every year of the Aussi e Bird Count. These social and energetic birds are often spotted in urban areas, parks, and gardens, feeding on flowering native plants and spreading joy with their playful calls, though in cities to which they have been introduced such as Perth and Hobart their presence is not so welcome as they out-compete local parrot species.
Noisy Miner: As the name suggests, the Noisy Miners are highly vocal birds with a complex range of calls. They are skilled communicators, using a variety of sounds to defend their home and communicate with their group. These fascinating honeyeaters are essential pollinators, but the number of these bold birds has increased so much that they have started to drive away many of our smaller bush birds.
Australian Magpie: The iconic Australian Magpie, with its distinctive black and white feathers, holds a special place in the hearts of many Australians. Known for their beautiful, melodious song, magpies are highly intelligent and form strong social bonds. They are also famous for their swooping (俯冲) behaviour during the nesting season, as their protective instincts kick in to safeguard their weak chicks in the nest.
The stamp issue includes various products, such as the Aussie Bird Count First Day Cover (Gummed Stamps), the Aussi e Bird Count First Day Cover (Minisheet), and a set of three Maxicards, which can be used as postcards and posted worldwide. Starting today, the stamps are available for purchase through Australia Post’s official website: https://auspost.com.au//stamps.
1. What can we learn about the Aussie Bird Count?| A．It takes charge of BirdLife Australia. | B．It has existed for about ten years. |
| C．It has branches across the world. | D．It mainly focuses on three species. |
| A．Rainbow Lorikeet. | B．Noisy Miner. |
| C．Bush Magpie. | D．Australian Magpie. |
| A．To call on people to protect local birds. |
| B．To persuade people to count the number of local birds. |
| C．To encourage people to buy stamps about local birds. |
| D．To inform people of the situation of the endangered birds. |
5 . Finding a California condor in the wild would be the most unusual treat. perhaps even more unusual than finding a wolf in Yellowstone National Park. In fact, the wolf was what opened my eyes to the fact that humans could bring an animal back to the place where it had disappeared.
In 1987, there were only 27 California condors left, none of which were in the wild, only in captive breeding programs, It was those breeding programs that contributed to their population rise, enough that by 1991 some of them could be freed into the wild.
Still, the hope of seeing a California condor, which remains an endangered species, is very low, let alone getting a photo of one. California condor population dropped mostly due to human factors, such as poaching and living areas destruction-these are challenges California condors still face today.
Although this is just a bird’s-eye view of the challenges California condors face and there are many others, it is part of why the opportunity to work with the US Fish and Wildlife Service team and their partners helping their recovery is so special to me as a photographer. I am not only able to photograph the birds in their wild living areas, but also understand and record how difficult the work is of those people on the front lines of the protection.
I am grateful for the work of the team, and my hope is that California condor population will continue to rise allowing future generations an opportunity I never had when I first got here-to look to the sky and see one flying around.
1. What helped the increase of the California condor population in 1987?| A．Rules for hunters. | B．Captive breeding programs. |
| C．The improved natural environment. | D．The enlargement of wild living areas. |
| A．It is difficult. | B．It is easy. | C．It is boring. | D．It is dangerous. |
| A．He guided ways for them. | B．He made records by photos. |
| C．He helped the birds to recover. | D．He rebuilt the birds’ living areas. |
| A．New Way, New Hope | B．Wolves and California Condors |
| C．A Photo of a California Condor | D．The California Condor’s Coming Back |
6 . English history is vast, from its rule under the Romans to the rise, heights and decline of the British Empire. When choosing a book to recommend on my country’s history, I wanted something that could summarize this sweeping history but didn’t get stuck in the details of things that hold me back from thoroughly engaging with this truly rich history. Then, I found Dominic Haynes’ A Brief History of England. It had just what I was looking for and was a real joy to read.
The book is a whistle-stop tour through the whole of English history, from its earliest people to the movement of settlers from Europe. It looks at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, Elizabeth I’s reign (统治) and the lasting impact of Shakespeare. Then it touches on the English Civil Wars and the shift of rule from kings and queens to the parliament (议会) running the country and the establishment of the political parties of the Whigs (辉格党) and Tories (托利党) still functioning today in some form as the currently ruling Conservative Party (保守党). It also covers the Napoleonic Wars and the world wars and even contemplates (思考) England’s post-Brexit (脱欧后的) present and future.
This really is quite the sweeping tome. However, it’s very short. This means it’s easy to navigate and get a hold of a huge amount of history, but it also means it’s very light on the details. At times, this can be frustrating, as there are parts where it feels like just another paragraph or page would really elevate this book. But for an introduction to English history or perhaps a reminder or refresher, it’s great and particularly useful as it is likely to fill in some gaps in your knowledge.
Furthermore, because of the pace of the book, there’s not a dull moment. It’s a real page-turner, covering the succession (交替) of kings and queens, wars, famines (饥荒) and changes in the social order of the country at home and the country’s influence across the world.
One reviewer on Amazon described the book as “a small masterpiece”, and said, “This is a great book for anyone who wants to get a crash course in English history or for those who want a quick reference to that subject.”
So, jump in, dear readers, and get a hold of what made England what it was, what it went on to be, and where it may stand in our global future.
1. What is the main focus of Dominic Haynes’ A Brief History of England?| A．Detailed exploration of England’s political parties. |
| B．An introduction to the British Empire’s rise and fall. |
| C．A brief overview of England’s historical shifts and events. |
| D．In-depth analysis of England’s post-Brexit policies. |
| A．Its pace is slow and frustrating. |
| B．There’s a shortage of information on wars. |
| C．It dives too deeply into political complexities. |
| D．It lacks detailed information due to its shortness. |
| A．A book that is exciting to read. | B．A book that has lots of pages to turn. |
| C．A book that is easy to understand. | D．A book that is complicated. |
| A．Jump into the UK’s past. | B．The ebb and flow of the UK. |
| C．The significance of studying the UK’s history. | D．The UK, you always live in people’s hearts. |
7 . Lying in the Mexican state of Oaxaca, the fishing village Huatulco is home to nine bays, 36 beaches and thousands of baby turtles that apparently needed me. I had three open days on my calendar, and a desire to save some turtles. And so, away I went to Huatulco with Wildcoast, a group of champions-for-change who were protecting coastal and marine ecosystem in the U. S. and Mexico.
I was taken to La Escobilla to experience Wildcoast in action. Just one hour north of Huatulco, this protected beach is where mass turtle nesting happens. This natural phenomenon lasts just four days during rainy season, hundreds of thousands of female sea turtles swinging their way ashore to lay their eggs.
Between threats of dogs, crabs, development and oil spills, the little creatures have the whole world against them. As recently as 2002, turtles hunting was not only a common practice, but an important part of the culture and diet in the Oaxaca communities. Luckily, Wildcoast rescues turtle eggs and recreates habitats by monitoring temperatures and humidity. Thanks to their efforts, the sea turtles have made a major comeback, with now over 72 million turtles being born on the beaches that Wildcoast protects.
I got to hold 50 of the tiny creatures in a bowl. Despite an average laying of 100 eggs, just one in 1, 000 baby turtles will make it to adulthood. Gazing into the bowl, I so badly wanted them to taste the sea and find shelter somewhere deep in the ocean. Finally, it was time to liberate those little creatures. Out spilled the creatures, some moving full steam ahead while others barely paddled in place. Literally, hundreds of them began to spread out across the beach.
With each set of waves, we witnessed the survival of the fittest, some pushing past the whitewash while others crashed back to shore. Their fight for life made my eyes wet. A flock of birds were ready to dive into the sea for their moving targets. “One in 1, 000.” Nature was cruel and compassionate at the same time. After 30 long minutes, the last creature made his way to the sea.
1. The baby turtles are threatened by various factors except ________.| A．the cruel hunters | B．the rapid development |
| C．the extreme weather | D．the oil-polluted ocean |
| A．With slow pace and fear. | B．With all energy and enthusiasm. |
| C．With full caution and curiosity. | D．With great satisfaction and responsibility. |
| A．One baby turtle in 1,000 can make his way to the sea. |
| B．Thousands of baby turtles were crashed back to shore. |
| C．The struggle of baby turtles for life touched the author. |
| D．Baby turtles can hardly survive the harsh living conditions. |
| A．Think twice before you leap. | B．God helps those who help themselves. |
| C．Cease to struggle and you cease to live. | D．When the buying stops, the killing can too. |
8 . UK safety advisers have dismissed concerns that highly processed food, also known as ultra-processed food (UPF), is automatically unhealthy because of the way it is made or its artificial ingredients. The current way that the UK and most other countries assess the nutrition al value of foods—which is generally by how much fat, salt, sugar and calories they contain—remains the best approach to achieving a health y diet, said a team of scientists. They also warned that people who cut out all ultra-processed foods could make their diets more unhealthy, for instance, if they avoid foods such as yogurts, low-fat spreads, wholemeal bread and food made of grains.
Concerns about processed foods have been growing, but it is unclear if there is something uniquely bad about them or if they just tend to be higher in things like fat and sugar. The issue has come into focus this year since Chris van Tulleken, a doctor and TV presenter, published a book called Ultra-Processed People: Why do we all eat stuff that isn’ t food... and why can’t we stop? Chris van Tulleken has called for more countries to adopt dietary guidelines pioneered in Brazil, where people are advised to prioritise eating whole foods and homemade meals, and avoid eating factory-made foods.
On 27 September, researchers from nutrition organisations rejected the proposed system. “We absolutely need foods to be processed so that we can feed the world,” said May at the University of Leeds, UK, who is a member of the British Nutrition Foundation. May also said UPF includes products that are both healthy and unhealthy. “It’s important we don’t throw the baby out with the bath water here. There are many components that have a very important role to play in nutrition and in safety,” he said.
Benefits of food processing include the use of preservatives that make food last longest and artificial sweeteners that help people reduce their sugar intake, said May. Other examples of processed foods that can be beneficial include baby food, infant formula milk and breads with added vitamins and minerals, said the panel.
1. What can be known from paragraph 1?| A．Low-fat spreads are ultra-processed food. |
| B．Wholemeal bread is unhealthy to us. |
| C．Ultra-processed food doesn’t contain sugar. |
| D．The nutritional value of food needs to be precisely recorded. |
| A．They should avoid ultra-processed food. | B．They should not have homemade food. |
| C．They should consume more Brazilian food. | D．They should read more books on healthy food. |
| A．Kids should raise their awareness of food safety. |
| B．Children are the biggest victims of ultra-processed food. |
| C．Ultra-processed food does cause more damage to children. |
| D．Ultra-processed food has both advantages and disadvantages. |
| A．How Ultra-processed Food Benefits People |
| B．Ultra-processed Food Isn’t Always Unhealthy |
| C．A Popular Book Brings Focus on Ultra-processed Food |
| D．What Health Risks Ultra-processed Food Brings to People |
9 . The behavior of beavers and other animals has often inspired expressions in English. If someone is very industrious or hard-working in tackling many things at once, we can say the person is “as busy as a beaver.” This phrase hints at one of the characteristics of these wild animals—they are indeed active creatures.
With their large teeth, which are orange due to iron in the tooth enamel (牙齿的珐琅质), beavers can cut down trees and change their environments like no other animals except humans. They use these fallen trees to build dams, creating safe, watery environments. The busy beavers build homes — called lodges — in the ponds created by the dams. The only way to get in and out of lodges is by entering an underwater opening of the structures. This offers beavers protection from predators such as bears, wolves, or coyotes.
It’s also interesting to note that beavers have another reason for cutting down trees aside from building dams. Beavers can digest cellulose, so wood is a significant food source for them, with their diet 15 also consisting of leaves and aquatic plants. Chewing on trees also helps beavers keep their teeth sharp, making it easier for them to keep chopping down trees.
Of course, no discussion about beavers would be complete without mentioning their most noticeable feature their large, flat tails, which have different uses. One is that they act as a rudder, helping them steer in the water. Another is that the animals pound their tails on the water to warn other beavers of danger. Since beavers work so hard building their homes and warning others of potential harm, it’s no surprise that busy as a beaver is a common phrase.
1. Which of the following usages of “as busy as a beaver” correct?| A．My cat is as busy as a beaver since it always lies on the sofa. |
| B．This kind of tree is as busy as a beaver because it takes hundreds of years for it to be used as timber. |
| C．Hanna is having a cup of coffee and listening to music in the living room. She is truly as busy as a beaver. |
| D．Oliver is responsible for two projects and has to train the three new employees, so he has been as busy as a beaver recently. |
| A．What countries beavers are found in. | B．How beavers keep themselves safe. |
| C．The animals that threaten beavers. | D．The food that beavers eat. |
| A．The wood is very strong. |
| B．The water from dams helps beavers digest wood. |
| C．Dams make it harder for other animals to catch. |
| D．Dams provide beavers with lots of water to drink. |
| A．Tail | B．Teeth | C．Paw | D．Head |
10 . Building language skills doesn’t happen overnight, especially if you want to become a fluent speaker. However, there are some important tips and tricks that work for every learner.
1. Engage yourself in a languageEngagement is arguably the most effective way to learn a language. You should surround yourself with the language and listen to it as much as you can. Just try to speak the language in different situations, even if it’s not necessary.
If you’re learning a language, you should make sure that it’s based on natural dialogues and real-world situations. Contextual learning will help you guess the meaning from the context.
Grammar is the foundation of every language and a system of rules that allow us to structure sentences. But people are often afraid of it or they find it dreadfully boring.
As you can see, there are many ways to practice the language efficiently.
| A．Learn language rules systematically. |
| B．Don’t skip grammar — but do it differently. |
| C．You just need to find a method that works for you and keep at it. |
| D．For instance, if you’re making dinner, you can try to name each cuisine. |
| E．This is a great way to learn from locals while integrating in a new country. |
| F．It will also allow you to apply your knowledge and get valuable cultural insights. |
| G．Learning it doesn’t have to involve memorizing a bunch of rules from a textbook. |
