1 . A tree planting initiative in Kenya has seen over 30,000 trees being planted. The Green Generation Initiative is a Kenyan charity that has been planting trees to counter climate change and the reduction in forest in the East African nation since 2016.

Founded by climate activist Elizabeth Wathuti, the initiative's primary focus is on developing young climate activists through environmental education in schools and addressing food insecurity in the region through planting fruit trees. Since its foundation, over 30,000 trees have been planted in Kenya, while thousands of school children have not just planted trees but adopted them to ensure that young people learn the importance of acting as a guardian of the health of the environment. The trees have recorded a survival rate of over 98 percent, as they continue growing from young trees to maturity.

Speaking to world leaders at the recent UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow (COP26)，Elizabeth issued a serious warning about the threat of climate change: “Over two million of Kenyans are facing climate­related starvation. In 2025, half of the world's population will be facing water shortage. By the time I'm 50, the climate crisis will displace over 80 million people in sub­Saharan Africa alone.”

Elizabeth said, “I have been doing what I can.Inspired by the great Wangari Maathai, I founded a tree growing initiative that enhances food security for young Kenyans. So far, we have grown 30，000 fruit trees, providing desperately needed nutrition for thousands of children.” “Every day we see that when we look after the trees, they look after us. We are the adults on this Earth right now, and it is our responsibility to ensure that the children have food and water, ”she added.

1. What is the initiative intended for?

A．Making policies.

B．Raising money.

C．Educating adults.

D．Fighting climate change.

2. What crisis are Kenyans encountering at present?

A．Hunger.	B．Sickness.
C．Water shortage.	D．Economic risks.

3. What has been achieved since 2016 in Kenya?

A．Over 3,000 trees have been planted.

B．Green awareness has been raised.

C．Over 80 million people have been saved.

D．School education has been guaranteed.

4. Which of the following can best describe Elizabeth Wathuti?

A．Friendly and talented.

B．Caring and responsible.

C．Honest and determined.

D．Ambitious and humorous.

2 . The endangered pandas in the Qinling Mountains might face a new threat: the loss of their food — bamboo, which makes up 99% of their meals.

Adult pandas spend most of the day eating bamboo and have to take in at least 40 pounds a day to stay healthy. However, a new study published in Nature Climate Change warned that they may soon find their food gone because most of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains might disappear by the end of the century as a result of the rising temperature worldwide.

A team made up of researchers from Michigan State University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has studied the effects of climate change on the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains. They have found that bamboo is very sensitive to climate change. “80% to 100% of the bamboo would be gone if the average temperature increases 3.5 degrees worldwide by the end of the century,” said Liu Jianguo, one of the report's authors.

He added, “This is how much the temperature would rise by 2100 even if all countries will keep their promises in The Paris Agreement. But you know what is happening around the world.”

In recent years, China has been trying its best to protect the endangered pandas by setting up more and bigger nature reserves.

“But it is far from being enough and the endangered pandas need cooperation from the rest of the world, because their future is not just in the hands of the Chinese,”said Shirley Martin from the WWF but not a member of the team.

There are 345 wild pandas in the Qinling Mountains. That is about 18.5% of the population of China's wild pandas. In addition, about 375 pandas are living in research centers and zoos in China.

1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A．The Qinling Mountains can provide enough bamboo for the pandas.

B．Pandas in the Qinling Mountains are only threatened by the loss of food.

C．Lots of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains will probably disappear.

D．Pandas have already eaten 99% of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains.

2. What does Liu Jianguo mean?

A．China needs more help from the WWF.

B．It is difficult to control the temperature rise within 3.5 degrees.

C．Bamboo is sensitive to changes in temperature.

D．China is making great efforts to protect the pandas.

3. How many wild pandas are there in China?

A．About 345.

B．About 408.

C．About 2,272.

D．About 1,864.

4. Which can be the best title for the text?

A．The Disappearance of Bamboo

B．Necessity to Change Pandas' Food

C．A New Threat Faced by the Pandas

D．Efforts Made to Save Pandas

3 . The two-week Harvard Pre-College Program is an intense and exciting experience of the college life. The admission committee is now looking for mature, academically motivated students who will graduate from high school and enter college in 2022.

The Course Experience

With over 30 courses to choose from, you’re sure to find a topic that interests you. Although courses are non-credit and do not have letter grades, you need to attend the class in its entirety. When class is not in session, you can participate in creative and social activities. At the end of the program, you’ll receive a written evaluation from your instructor, as well as a transcript (成绩单).

Time

·July 24 — August 5

How to Apply

Complete an online application and provide supplemental (补充的) materials, including:

·The $75 non-refundable application fee.

·Transcripts from 9th grade to fall 2021 grades: This can include progress reports, report cards, and educational summaries from your high school

·If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFL IBT or IELTS language proficiency exam along with your application.

Cost & Aid

The total fee for a Harvard Pre-College Program 2022 session is $4,950. The program fee includes tuition, room and board, and activity costs for the full two weeks. There is also a non-refundable $75 application fee and $100 health insurance.

A limited number of scholarships are available to assist students who demonstrate financial need. Awards vary based on need, and atypical award covers part of the tuition.

How to contact us

Interested in learning more about the program? Complete our request form, and a member of cur team will contact you.

Phone:(617) 495-4023

Email: precollege@summer.harvard.cn

1. Which is a requirement for students attending the course?

A．Completing 30 courses.	B．Getting required credits.
C．Having a full attendance.	D．Prioritizing social activities.

2. What should be included in supplemental materials?

A．Health certificate.	B．Academic conditions.
C．Financial declaration.	D．Personal integrity.

3. What’s the full payment for an admitted student on the program?

A．$75.

B．$100.

C．$4,950.

D．$5,125.

5 . A man named Randy liked to look for big trees and old trees. He made maps to show where these trees were. He did not want to cut them down. He wanted people to take care of them.

Randy was told that there was a very tall tree on Vancouver Island. The tree was said to be 314 feet tall. That would make it the tallest tree in Canada. Randy started to find the tree.

But someone else found it first. It was found by a logger (伐木工). Loggers wanted to cut down Canada’s tallest tree and all the trees around it.

Randy made a path in the forest so people could see the tallest tree. The tree was so big and beautiful that it would bring them enjoyment. More and more people wanted to save that forest. Thanks to these people, that forest is now a park. Canada’s tallest tree is still there.

1. Why did Randy make maps of big trees and old trees?

A．To carry out his duty carefully.	B．To avoid getting lost in forests.
C．To show where these trees were.	D．To get information for selling them.

2. What did the loggers want to do to Canada’s tallest tree?

A．Take care of it.	B．Cut it down.
C．Take pictures of it.	D．Make it famous.

3. Why did Randy make a path to the tallest tree in Canada?

A．To help people cut it.	B．To help people see it.
C．To help people water it.	D．To help people move it.

4. What do we learn about the forest with Canada’s tallest tree?

A．It is now a park.	B．People burned it down.
C．It will disappear soon.	D．People lost interest in it.

6 . Mathea Allansmith isn’t your typical grandmother. She’s the oldest woman in the world to have completed a marathon. She was 92 years 194 days old when she crossed the finish line at the 2022 Honolulu Marathon, setting the record for the oldest female to complete a marathon.

Mathea, now 94, of Koloa, Hawaii, USA, stays in shape all year round by running seven days a week, no matter what the weather is. Come rain or shine, she covers 36 miles every week, even when she’s on holiday. The retired doctor didn’t take up running until she was 46 years old —after a friend suggested running two miles per day.

“The Honolulu Marathon is my favorite marathon mainly because it doesn’t close the gate at a certain time, which allows even the slowest runner to finish the race,” she said. “It’s one of the best races. Fantastic registration (注册), set-up and management make it a joy to run the race.”

Mathea, who doesn’t allow her age to slow her down, thinks she is the happiest person when she’s on the road. She enjoys running for miles and waving and saying hello to the people she passes. To stay in shape, Mathea keeps a steady training routine (惯例) . “I train all year round but increase the mileage 18 weeks before a marathon,” she said.

Mathea said it was her career as a doctor that allowed her to understand how her body and mind respond to diet and exercise. “I see the direct relation between moving and health,” she said. “It is important to reduce stress rather than ignoring it without a plan on how to do so. Of course, exercise of any kind is a natural stress reducer.”

Mathea thought getting through the finish line and winning a Guinness World Record title was the excitement of her life. “My family completely surprised me after the 2022 Honolulu Marathon, in which I achieved the world record, by wearing matching T-shirts stating my achievements,” she said.

1. What do we know about Mathea from the first two paragraphs?

A．She used to be in poor health．

B．She is the oldest to win a marathon．

C．She runs daily regardless of the weather．

D．She was encouraged by her patient to run．

2. Why is Mathea keen on the Honolulu Marathon?

A．It gives winners the best awards．

B．It provides runners with quality service．．

C．It has no time limit for runners to finish．

D．It allows runners to set a world record easily．

3. What led to Mathea’s understanding of the connection between moving and health?

A．Her professional experience．	B．Her training courses．
C．Her views on stress in life．	D．Her hobby from young．

4. What message does Mathea’s story deliver?

A．Practice makes perfect．

B．Interest is the best teacher．

C．Age is no barrier to success．

D．Ups and downs make one strong．

8 . 【课本原文】

REDUCING WATER POLLUTION IN THE LI RIVER

The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well­known tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It attracts millions of domestic and foreign visitors each year. However, its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects on the river’s water quality. This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it．

Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river. Many tour boats contributed to the problem too.

Kitchens on board were using lots of oil, which was often thrown into the water. The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly,as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises. Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. In order to feed more people,more chemicals were used to increase crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues,causing a decrease in the number of fish species. Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty.

A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues. The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation.The collection and transport of household waste was also improved.Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved. The local government set up strict regulations regarding further industrial development. New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods. Furthermore, the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy. At the same time, they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuse. With these measures,it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come．

In addition,the ambitious “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country. Other initiatives,such as the “River Chief System”, hold senior officials responsible for reducing water pollution. With such campaigns in effect, China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future.
1. What’s the passage mainly about?

A．The beauty of the Li River.

B．What some tourists did led to the water pollution.

C．Some measures to reduce water pollution in the Li River.

D．The ways to increase crop production.

2. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

A．Some tourists didn’t care about the Li River.

B．What have caused water pollution in the Li River?

C．Some tourists threw garbage into the Li River.

D．The local population rose rapidly.

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．The chemicals have caused a decrease in the number of fish species.

B．The reputation of the Li River has a negative effect on the river’s water quality.

C．The media has a good effect on encouraging greater use of clean energy.

D．The local government did nothing to protect the water quality in Li River.

4. We can learn from the last two paragraphs that ________ ．

A．people can do nothing to reduce water pollution in Li River

B．tourists are not allowed to visit the Li River

C．the local authorities never inspect the Li River

D．some measures have been taken to reduce water pollution in the Li River

9 . There are close to 7,000 languages spoken on Earth. However, it’s estimated that by the end of this century, up to 50% of them may be lost.

It’s commonly thought that majority languages tend to be valued for being useful and for promoting progress, while minority languages are seen as barriers to progress, and the value placed on them is seen mainly as sentimental. But is sentimentality really the only motivation for preserving language diversity?

Speakers of endangered languages often live in remote areas with unique landform. It is quite common for these languages to distinguish between hundreds more types of plants and animals than those known to modern science. For example, in Southeast Asia, some tribes have discovered the medicinal properties of over sixty-five hundred plant species. This has led to many of landmark achievements in medicine.

It was once believed that the limits of one’s language defined the limits of one’s thought. This theory, called the Sapir-Wharf hypothesis (假说), has been largely rejected in favor of the improved version, which assumes that the language we speak does not set the limits of our thoughts, but it does direct our focus in certain ways. For example, English is a tense-based language. It’s nearly impossible: to talk about doing something without specifying the time — i. e. I went to the party(past), I’m going to the party(present), or I’ll go to the party(future). This differs from Chinese, where it’s perfectly reasonable to say, “I go to the party” without defining the “when”. Thus, part of the richness of language is that it allows us to organize the world in ‘so many unique ways.

Some languages categorize the world in ways so different from our own that they are difficult to conceptualize (概念化). The United States employed native Navajo speakers to create a system of message coding during the Second World War. The Japanese were never able to break it, and the “code talkers” are often cited today as having helped decide the outcome of the war.

As we’ve already seen, minority languages are valuable for many practical reasons. In conclusion, I’d say the short answer is yes — dying languages are certainly worth saving!

1. Why does the author list the numbers in the first paragraph?

A．To alarm people.	B．To offer background information.
C．To reveal the topic.	D．To arouse the readers’ interest.

2. What does the underlined word “sentimental” in the second paragraph mean?

A．Emotional.

B．Reliable.

C．Reasonable.

D．Experimental.

3. What benefit can endangered languages bring us according to the passage?

A．Helping us discover drugs in more ways.

B．Saving us the trouble of distinguishing different medicines.

C．Making it possible for us to acquire a broader knowledge of nature.

D．Inspiring us to learn more as to how to protect plants and animals.

4. What is the writing purpose of the passage?

A．To explain ways of saving some languages.	B．To correct the Sapir-Wharf hypothesis.
C．To show how languages categorize the world.	D．To prove the value of minority languages.

10 . Gardening is a very popular hobby. And it is one that produces wonderful results — food for your dinner table and flowers for your home! Here we want to introduce some expressions in English about garden.

Gardens themselves can be very beautiful. So you would think that a garden path is a great place to be. Well, in conversation, it is not. Leading someone up the garden path means you are trying to trick them. You are not trying to show them your beautiful flowers.

Speaking of beautiful flowers, gardeners love to see small buds (芽) forming on their plants. Besides plants and flowers, people can bud, too. If a child is good at drawing and painting, we can call him a budding artist. So “budding” describes something that is beginning to develop.

On the opposite end, you stop something from growing if you nip (掐) it in the bud. This is a common expression when we talk about stopping something bad and preventing it from continuing. It’s good to nip small problems in the bud before they turn into big problems.

Now flowers that bloom are beautiful to see — even garden-variety flowers. “Garden-variety” describes anything that is common and not so special. You can have a garden-variety cold — not a serious illness. You can have a garden-variety problem at work—nothing special, just a common problem with a colleague.

Now, a problem that many gardeners have is weeds (野草). Weeds grow easily and can quickly take over a garden. In conversation, we sometimes use “weeds” to mean too many details. So, if you are in the weeds, you are taken over by too many details.

As we said, weeds grow quickly. So do children. So, we like to say a child grows like a weed. This expression compares a child’s fast growth to that of a weed. You can use it with family, friends or even at work as you talk about your boss’s child.

1. What do you mean to do if you lead a man up the garden path?

A．Act as a guide.	B．Cheat him.
C．Teach him to work.	D．Show him your garden.

2. What should you do if you find your little brother smoking?

A．Treat it as a garden-variety matter.	B．Lead him up the garden path.
C．See him budding.	D．Nip it in the bud.

3. In which situation may you be made busy and bored?

A．You meet a garden-variety problem.	B．You are budding in your career.
C．You are in the weeds.	D．You grow like a weed.

4. How does a mother feel if someone says her child grows like a weed?

A．Proud.

B．Angry.

C．Discouraged.

D．Grateful.