1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In the beginning, western people use letters of the alphabet (字母表)     1     (write). People who write in Chinese, however, use characters that stand for words or ideas. Historians believed Chinese writing began as early as 1500 BC. The     2     (early) forms were called “Oracle Bone Inscriptions (甲骨文)”. These were animal bones marked with pictures. Besides writing on bones,     3     (mark) on turtle shells was also a way for ancient to record.

By 1400 BC, the Chinese writing system had become more complex.     4     number of its characters was over 2,500. Around 200 BC, almost everyone used the same characters. Even today some modern Chinese characters are similar to     5     (that) from 2,000 years ago. For example, the character that     6     (mean) man in the Lishu system from 200BC is similar to the character from the Jiantizi     7     is used today.

People     8     (make) efforts to change Chinese characters over the centuries. The most important changes happened in the twentieth century. The Chinese government made many characters simple     9     that more people could learn to read. This simpler system is used in most parts of China. with these changes, Chinese writing from 2,200 years ago is still understood today. Many foreigners are interested in     10     (we) Chinese characters.

2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Food from the air

Everyone has seen plants growing, but have you ever thought     1     they get their food? In the seventeenth century, a European scientist     2     (call) Van Helmot asked this question. Like most people, he thought that plants must get their food from soil. However, Van Helmot decided       3     (test) the theory with experiments.

First, he dried some soil, put it into a pot and weighed it. Next, he weighed a small tree, planted it in the pot and added rain water. Then, he watered it     4     (regular) with rain water.

After five years, he removed the tree from the pot and weighed it again. He found that the tree had gained     5     huge amount of weight. When he weighed the soil, however, it was almost exactly the same as it had been five years    6    . So Van Helmot drew the    7    (conclude) that the tree grew by drinking water. Though it turned out to be wrong, he showed the importance of the use of scientific evidence to support ideas.

We now know that plants and trees make their own food. Their leaves, when exposed     8     the air and sun, are like factories    9     can change the energy from the sun into chemical energy. During this process (过程), oxygen and sugar     10     (produce). The oxygen is released back into the air, and the sugar is used by the plant as food.

3 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Every morning, millions of people in China do Tai Chi. It is popular    1    women and men. Tai Chi is    2     good kind of exercise for old people. It is good for the body and the mind. It is healthy and    3     (relax). Tai Chi    4    ( arise) from China. It is    5     (hundred) of years old. Tai Chi is a “soft” martial art (武术),    6     means it is slow and calm.

There are also “hard” martial arts. Shaolin Kung Fu, for example, which has a history of over 1, 500 years, is a “hard” martial art. It is fast and    7    (danger). You have to be very fit and strong    8    (do) “hard” martial arts.

In Beijing, Master Li Yu    9     (teach) Shaolin Kung Fu to thirty young students now, three of whom come from abroad. “Shaolin Kung Fu is    10     (extraordinary) difficult,” said Li Yu. “You must practise every move many times. ”

Sports like football and basketball are also popular in China. But martial arts like Tai Chi and Shaolin Kung Fu are part of Chinese culture and history.

4 . Chang Shana, __________ outstanding designer and educator in China, was just 13 when her love affair with Dunhuang began. （用适当的词填空）

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chengdu is regarded by many as one of the happiest cities in China, as well as the home of pandas. It     1     (become) the first Asian city to be identified as a UNESCO City of Gastronomy in 2010.

Chengdu is a place where it seems to blur (难以区分) the boundaries between past and future. Its ancient temples, traditional alleys and historic architecture open a window into ancient China,     2     (take) you into a world of past impressive beauty. But what is really surprising is its focus on the future. Transforming into a center of technology, innovation and development, this city has     3     (ambition) plans to become a science city in southwest China.

Chengdu is not only rich in history and modernity, but also in flavor. This city is known     4     its spicy food, with bold flavors and centuries-old cooking traditions coming together to offer dining experiences     5     will delight all the senses. Chengdu’s most popular food, such as tongue-numbing mapo tofu and hotpot, is     6     feast for the palate (味觉). Hotpot works like this. A heat source     7     (place) on the dining table keeps a pot of soup stock simmering (煨), and a variety of Chinese foodstuffs and     8     (ingredient) are served beside the pot for the diners to put into the hot stock.

All this richness that Chengdu has to offer led to its selection as the host city for the 31stFISU World University Games. The athletic event was an opportunity not only     9     (show) Chengdu’s sporting spirit, world-class infrastructure,     10     (warm) and organizational skill, but also to promote friendship and cross-cultural understanding.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When Xu Beihong(1895~1953)     1     (return) to his home country in 1927, the painter had lived and studied art in Europe for nearly ten years, primarily in France,     2     has long been known as the “land of art”.

As one of the earliest Chinese    3    (artist) to study fine arts in Europe,   Xu was well received in art and education communities back home. It then seemed a natural choice for him    4     (put) his time and effort into teaching at art schools     5     holding exhibitions (展览) of modern Chinese painting.

However, Xu     6     (touch) by the bad situation of his country and     7     (it) people at that time, so he spoke for the serious condition of the people through painting. The subjects in his works included those    8     (live) in mountainous Chongqing who had to go up and down to get water, boatmen working on the Yangtze River and women praying (祈祷) for the     9     (safe) of husbands who worked far away from home.

For those in the art community, Xu is remembered mostly for blending (融合) Eastern and Western styles and doing a great job on the higher education of fine arts in China. While for his people,     10     artist is best known for showing the true life of those at the grassroots.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A map has gone viral (走红) online. Contrary     1     traditional maps, the map was     2     (entire) filled with dotted signs clearly marking the country’s historic sites and cultural relics. The map was made by Wu Yunjie,     3     was born in the 1990s, CCTV News reported

Wu has a     4     (prefer) for history, especially cultural relics. When he was in college, he would often devote his spare time to     5     (travel) around the country and visiting ancient places. In 2020, he started collecting information on cultural relic protection all over our country and uploaded the information to the mapping software. So far, he     6     (visit) over 2,000cultural relic sites and more than 200 museums, and taken over 300,000 photos.

Now, the map includes nearly 10,000 historic landmarks with     7     (vary) colors representing them. Red signs, for instance, show the cultural relic sites under state protection. As     8     matter of fact, even ancient temples and bridges in the faraway areas are also marked on the map.

As far as Wu is     9     (concern), the map is not perfect, because it only records about two percent of the 760,000 cultural relics. It is also a pity that the map cannot be shared as an online map yet because of technical limitations. But Wu is bound     10     (improve) it and make it available online.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Shu embroidery (蜀绣) enjoys a long history in China. As early as the Han Dynasty, Shu embroidery was already famous, enjoying a high reputation as “    1     treasure of Sichuan”. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, a     2     (relative) peaceful society and large demand provided     3     (advance) conditions for the rapid development of the Shu embroidery industry. Shu embroidery experienced its peak development in the Song Dynasty,     4     (rank) first in both production and     5     (excellent). In the mid-Qing Dynasty, the Shu embroidery industry was formed.     6     the People’s Republic of China was founded, Shu embroidery factories were set up and the craft entered a new period of development.

Shu embroidery     7     (form) its own unique characteristics, since it originated among the common people in the west of Sichuan Province. Shu embroidery has strong expression and artistic effect,     8     features are said as “fine and smooth needlework, simple and elegant colors, graceful and easy lines and the traditional Chinese paintings style”. Altogether, there are 122     9     (approach) in 12 categories for weaving. The embroidery took locally-produced colorful satin (缎子) and threads     10     its materials.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Xie Lei left her hometown to study in London as an exchange student. The first challenge was     1     she had to adapt to life in a different country. She learned how     2     (ask) for things she didn’t know the English names for. And she chose to live with a host family, because living with them     3     (comfortable) could ease her homesickness. Another challenge for Xie Lei is the     4     (academy) requirements. She had to read a lot to form a wise opinion of her own. Students’ participation in class     5     (include) as part of the final result. After having worked hard for a few weeks, Xie Lei found herself     6     (speak) up in class. And her     7     (present) on traditional Chinese art was a great success, which boosted her confidence.

As well as studying hard, Xie Lei had been involved     8     social activities. British people were fascinated by Chinese culture and eager to learn more about     9    . So while she was learning about business, she     10     (act) as a cultural messenger building a bridge between China and England.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Climate change is having an unexpected effect    1    the diets of grizzly bears,    2    could cause problems in the future. 

Grizzly bears on Kodiak Island    3     (usual) eat salmon ( 鲑) at the beginning of the summer. When the elderberries ripen ( 变成熟) at the end of the summer, they eat berries instead.

Now, however, increasing temperatures mean the elderberries are ripening earlier. The bears have a(n)     4    (choose)— berries or salmon. They leave the streams full of salmon and stay in the hills eating elderberries instead.

“It's as if breakfast and lunch    5     (serve) at the same time and there is nothing     6     (eat) until dinner,” said Oregon State University biologist William Deacy. “You have to choose between breakfast and lunch because you can only eat so much at a time.”

Berries are    7    (high) in sugar than salmon. They contain less protein and are easier for the body to break down, and the bears are gaining weight as    8    result.

The change in the bears' diet is also affecting the Kodiak Island ecosystem (生态系统). Normally the bears kill 75 percent of the salmon at the beginning of the summer. Now there are more    9    (survive) salmon.The forests are suffering from the lack of nutrients normally    10     (provide) by the dead salmon.