1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

A. tide B. unremarkably C. un-spoilt D. portion E. streaming F. exclusively G. mirrored H. revealing I. pressed J. fading K. reluctant

The West Highland Line: Follow the Rail of Hogwarts Express

Soaring mountains, expansive lochs (湖) and famous bridges have earnt Scotland’s West Highland Line a place among the best railway journeys in the world. Starting in Glasgow, traveling north through historic villages and ending in the coastal village of Mallaig, this line is an easy and sustainable way to discover the Scottish Highlands.

My journey on this scenic train route started rather     1    . The 08:12 train required me to begin my day alongside thousands of commuters     2     into Queen Street Station-many of whom clutched coffees and kept their eyes cast down ahead of another day in the office. And I was almost the only one traveling against the     3    .

All of a sudden, we were in the southern reaches of the Highlands, where all was     4     lochs and glens (峡谷) stuffed with Scots pine. Morning mist rolled between hills, hiding and then     5     more of this perfect landscape. The dying days of autumn were exceedingly beautiful-and we were just an hour into the journey. Passengers’ phones and noses were     6     to windows. Some urgently tried to post their experience in real time to social media, but the Wi-Fi signal was weak in the mountains and I didn’t want to miss the extraordinary landscape.

An indisputable highlight along this section is the Glenfinnan Viaduct, which staff took time to announce in a small break. Fans of the Harry Potter film franchise often lose their minds at this     7     of the 120-year-old line-the Hogwarts Express passes over this old viaduct (高架桥) in several of the movies. And I could easily see why it’s simply breathtaking to behold and attracts visitors from across the globe. It’s the longest concrete railway bridge in Scotland and traverses about a thousand feet over the River Finnan, around one hundred feet above the ground, passing through some of the most atmospheric and     8     scenery.

By the time we left Mallaig at 16:05, the mid-November daylight was already     9    , meaning my long journey back to Glasgow happened almost     10     in the dark. Not much was visible through the window as we started chugging south, but even in the blackness, I knew there was magic out there somewhere.

2 . 选词填空

encourage   take off   sudden   stop   breathe   serious   danger   hospital   life rush     shock     thanks to     help     but     shout

It was a bright afternoon when Jonathan Bauer and his 13-year-old daughter, Ava, were driving home on the bridge.     1    , not far ahead of them, a black truck run from one side to the other and caused a     2     accident, hanging over the railing (栏杆) of the bridge. Bauer     3     the car in time to avoid hitting it.

After making sure Ava was okay, Bauer got out of his car to see if anyone needed     4    . And then a shout came from the truck. The driver’s door was opened and a man climbed out. He     5     to the railing. Bauer ran up beside him and saw a car seat in the water. Next to it was a girl, about two years old. She was floating (漂浮) on her back, kicking and     6    . Bauer waited for the driver to do something,     7     he didn’t move. Maybe he was completely     8    . Bauer knew the little girl was in great     9    .

“Ava!” Bauer shouted. “Stay by the car!”

He     10     his shoes and quickly jumped into the shallow water. Bauer swam to the girl and lifted her out of the water: eyes closed, not     11    . He patted (轻拍) her back to force the water out of her body.     12     his first aid, her eyes were opened and she breathed again. A moment later a lifeboat pulled up and both were helped to get on the boat. An ambulance (救护车) waited on the bridge. Minutes later, they were taken to the nearest     13    .

Ava Bauer is     14     by her father’s actions and she wants to become a firefighter so that she could save     15     like him. “That girl is going to live a whole life because of him.” she says. “It’s great.”

3 . 结合语境用something, anything, nothing, everything填空。
1. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with _________.
2. I got this bicycle for _________: My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.
3. There is _________ in his words. We should have a try.
4. I know that _________ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.
5. She couldn’t see or hear _________ at all.

4 . 结合语境用both, all, either, neither, none, nothing填空。
1. My brother would like to buy a good watch but _______ was available from that shop.
2. — Would you like tea or coffee?
— _______, thank you. I’ve just had some water.
3. Of all the books on the desk, __________ is of any use for our study.
4. They produced two reports, ______ of which contained any useful suggestions.
5. You may drop in or just give me a call. _______ will do.
6. Both teams were in hard training; __________ was willing to lose the game.
7. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, _______ of them answered it.
8. On _________ side/On _______ sides of the road were green fields and some farm house.
9. — How do you find your classmates?
— Most of them are kind, but ______ is so good to me as Bruce.
10. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _______ of them again．

5 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. evidenced     B. outlined     C. span     D. confirmed       E. generalizable        F. walking       G. charges     H. clearly     I. well-protected     J. originally       K. caution

A man deliberately got 217 Covid shots. Here’s what happened

One German man has redefined “man on a mission.” A 62-year-old from Magdeburg deliberately got 217 Covid-19 vaccine shots in the     1     of 29 months, according to a new study, going against national vaccine recommendations. That’s an average of one jab every four days. In the process, he became a(n)     2     experiment for what happens to the immune system when it is vaccinated against the same pathogen (病原体) repeatedly. A correspondence published Monday in the journal Lancet Infectious Diseases     3     his case and concluded that while his “hypervaccination” did not result in any adverse health effects, it also did not significantly improve or worsen his immune response.

The man, who is not named in the correspondence in compliance with German privacy rules, reported receiving 217 Covid shots between June 2021 and November 2023. Of those, 134 were     4     by a prosecutor and through vaccination center documentation; the remaining 83 were self-reported, according to the study.

“This is a really unusual case of someone receiving that many Covid vaccines,     5     not following any type of guidelines,” said Dr. Emily Happy Miller, an assistant professor of medicine and of microbiology and immunology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine who did not participate in the research.

The man did not report any vaccine-related side effects and has not had a Covid infection to date, as     6     by repeated antigen (抗原) and PCR testing between May 2022 and November 2023. The researchers     7     that it’s not clear that his Covid status is directly because of his hypervaccination regimen.

“Perhaps he didn’t get Covid because he was     8     in the first three doses of the vaccine,” Miller said. “We also don’t know anything about his behaviors.” Dr. Kilian Schober, senior author of the new study and a researcher at the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, said it is important to remember that this is an individual case study, and the results are not     9    .

The researchers also say they do not endorse hypervaccination as a strategy to enhance immunity. “The benefit is not much bigger if you get vaccinated three times or 200 times,” Schober said.

The public prosecutor in Magdeburg opened an investigation into the man for the unauthorized issuing of vaccination cards and forgery of documents but did not end up filing criminal     10    , according to the study.

6 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. advances B. combed C. net D. heads E. automation F. modest G. comprehensive H. thinned I. prior J. underlie K. unearth

Does technology replace more jobs than it creates? What is the     1     balance between these two things? Until now, that has not been measured. But a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U.S. history since 1940. The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost to machine     2    , and how many have been generated through “augmentation (增强),” in which technology creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technology has replaced more U.S. jobs than it has generated.

“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation, and a slower rate of augmentation, in the last four decades. from 1980 to the present, than in the four decades     3    .” says Autor. However, that finding is only one of the study’s     4    . The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an analysis of thousands of U.S. census job categories in relation to a(n)     5     look at the text of U. S. patents over the last century. That has allowed them, for the first time, to quantify the effects of technology over both job loss and job creation.

The study finds that overall, about 60 percent of jobs in the U.S. represent new types of work, which have been created since 1940. To determine this, Autor and his colleagues     6     through about 35,000 job categories, tracking how they emerge over time. They also used natural language processing tools to analyze the text of every U.S. patent filed since 1920. The research examined how words were “embedded” in the census and patent documents to     7     related passages of text. That allowed them to determine links between new technologies and their effects on employment.

From about 1940 through 1980, for instance, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter tended to get automated. But at the same time, more workers filled roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers and department     8    , and civil and space engineers. From 1980 through 2018, the ranks of cabinetmakers and machinists, among others, have been     9     by automation, while industrial engineers, and operations and systems researchers and analysts, have enjoyed growth.

Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the 1980-2018 period as in the 1940-1980 period. There was a more     10    , and positive, change in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2018, as compared to 1940-1980.

7 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. alternative       B. astonishing             C. computerized       D. contribution             E. developing F. rate             G. modified             H. perfect          I. reject          J. relevance          K. sufficient

Using animals to test drugs intended for humans is controversial, with critics arguing there are other ways to ensure new medicines are safe and effective. But the scientists who carry out the research say animal studies remain necessary. Statistics indicate that in the UK around three million mice are being used for research and tens of millions worldwide.

Despite the difference in appearances, the genetic similarities with humans are     1    . The mouse genome (基因组) shares over 95% of its genes with humans. The animal acts as a “model”, genetically     2     to develop a human disease. But the use of mice, like any animal, in research is criticized by some.

Animal Defenders International (ADI) is one of the groups that campaigns for an end to the use of animals in research. “We would argue that it is extremely outdated, and not very good science for humans,” says Fleur Dawes of ADI. Ms. Dawes believes the suffering that the animals go through does not legalize their     3     to science and medicine for humans.” There is a big problem with that because there are huge differences between the species. And even though there are similarities with humans and mice, they react very differently to each other when experimented on. So what works in one animal is not an indication that that is how things work in other animals.”

However, Dr. Wells from Mary Lyon Centre (MLC) says they are constantly trying to     4     the process to reduce the suffering of mice.” If it’s a procedure where you can anaesthetize (麻醉) the mice, then you do it to reduce their stress. And if there is a (n)     5     method that doesn’t involve mice, you are not legally and normally allowed to do the procedure.”

If we     6     animal research, are there alternatives? Dr. Wells says, “There is a massive field     7     on alternatives, and we are very supportive of that field and we always keep track of what is going on in that field, because maybe we can replace one of our models. “Those alternatives include chips on human organs to study their function, micro-dosing treatments in humans and     8     models.” Lots of people say that there is a computer now to model what is going to happen in diseases,” Dr. Wells adds, “But we still don’t know enough to program those computers with     9     knowledge to be able to model what’s happening in every disease.”

Fleur Dawes agrees one alternative is not enough. But she says, “By combining the different alternatives, you can actually get a much better picture that is of much better     10     to humans.”

8 . 根据句意从方框中选出合适的短语，并用其适当的形式完成句子。

refer to... as...,     take possession of,     bond with,     separate... from..., mix up,     date back to,     be at the mercy of,     license... for

1. Cuba is south of America, __________ it by the Strait of Florida. It gains its reputation for its dynamic music and dancing.
2. When learning English, beginner often gets various tenses (时态) __________ and makes some grammatical mistakes in writing sentences.
3. As is indicated in Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China, any individual or enterprise isn’t allowed __________ others’ inventions without their permission.
4. The ancient city relic near Yellow River __________ around 5300 years ago is acknowledged by Chinese archaeologists as a discovery of great historical significance.
5. When typhoon struck the harbor, boats on the coastline __________ rough sea and violent wind.
6. Know some basics of children psychology, and you will have no difficulty in __________ your son and daughter.
7. Canada which features its unique geographic sights of North America __________ “True North”.
8. It was three months before this anti-depression drug __________ the mass production.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In an age of rapidly growing urbanization, rooftop farming has emerged as a sustainable response     1     the challenge of creating green space in cities. This innovative practice transforms rooftops into mini farms, where vegetables, fruits, and even flowers     2     (plant), providing local residents with fresh produce and adding a touch of nature to urban environments.

Rooftop farming, also     3     (refer) to as vertical agriculture, is more than just a trend; it’s a step towards environmental conservation. Green roofs with vegetation help to absorb sunlight and release moisture, cooling the air and reducing the demand for air conditioning,     4     in turn lessens energy     5     (consume) and carbon emission. Meanwhile, rooftop farms serve as educational platforms,     6     (teach) city dwellers about sustainable agriculture practices and the importance of locally     7     (source) food.

As urban populations continue to grow, rooftop farming fosters community engagement     8     promotes healthier lifestyles by providing access to fresh and organic produce. When we look towards     9     future where environmental consciousness and sustainable practices become increasingly vital, rooftop farming stands as a testament to our ability to cultivate more than just food—we cultivate hope for a     10     (green) and more resilient world.

10 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. process     B. impacting       C. appearance       D. linked        E. assessment     F. costly G. crucial       H. highly            I. legal                 J. pause          K. marketed

Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades. Traditional tobacco products, such as cigarettes, have been     1     to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart disease, respiratory (呼吸的) disorders and others. According to a survey, 78.3 percent of smokers start smoking before age 20. Taiwan Province of China has raised the     2     smoking age to 20 or above. By instituting this change, they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit.

Despite being     3     as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs) are still considered tobacco. As such, they pose significant dangers to human health. The heating     4     used in these products releases harmful chemicals and poisons, including tar (焦油), carbon monoxide and nicotine, a(n)     5     addictive substance.

HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking. To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and     6     their health, Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product by adding a health risk     7     review mechanism. Only products that pass the review process are allowed to be manufactured, imported and sold to consumers.

The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers     8     and encourage them to quit. Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and breathing problems. Quitting smoking can also improve your     9    . Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth. Quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath. Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell. By stopping tobacco use, your senses recover, leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages.

Unfortunately, quitting tobacco isn't easy. Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness, irritability (易怒) and difficulty concentrating. Supportive social environments, coping strategies and professional help are     10     for overcoming these things and living a smoke-free life.