1 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. advances B. combed C. net D. heads E. automation F. modest G. comprehensive H. thinned I. prior J. underlie K. unearth

Does technology replace more jobs than it creates? What is the     1     balance between these two things? Until now, that has not been measured. But a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U.S. history since 1940. The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost to machine     2    , and how many have been generated through “augmentation (增强),” in which technology creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technology has replaced more U.S. jobs than it has generated.

“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation, and a slower rate of augmentation, in the last four decades. from 1980 to the present, than in the four decades     3    .” says Autor. However, that finding is only one of the study’s     4    . The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an analysis of thousands of U.S. census job categories in relation to a(n)     5     look at the text of U. S. patents over the last century. That has allowed them, for the first time, to quantify the effects of technology over both job loss and job creation.

The study finds that overall, about 60 percent of jobs in the U.S. represent new types of work, which have been created since 1940. To determine this, Autor and his colleagues     6     through about 35,000 job categories, tracking how they emerge over time. They also used natural language processing tools to analyze the text of every U.S. patent filed since 1920. The research examined how words were “embedded” in the census and patent documents to     7     related passages of text. That allowed them to determine links between new technologies and their effects on employment.

From about 1940 through 1980, for instance, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter tended to get automated. But at the same time, more workers filled roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers and department     8    , and civil and space engineers. From 1980 through 2018, the ranks of cabinetmakers and machinists, among others, have been     9     by automation, while industrial engineers, and operations and systems researchers and analysts, have enjoyed growth.

Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the 1980-2018 period as in the 1940-1980 period. There was a more     10    , and positive, change in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2018, as compared to 1940-1980.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In an age of rapidly growing urbanization, rooftop farming has emerged as a sustainable response     1     the challenge of creating green space in cities. This innovative practice transforms rooftops into mini farms, where vegetables, fruits, and even flowers     2     (plant), providing local residents with fresh produce and adding a touch of nature to urban environments.

Rooftop farming, also     3     (refer) to as vertical agriculture, is more than just a trend; it’s a step towards environmental conservation. Green roofs with vegetation help to absorb sunlight and release moisture, cooling the air and reducing the demand for air conditioning,     4     in turn lessens energy     5     (consume) and carbon emission. Meanwhile, rooftop farms serve as educational platforms,     6     (teach) city dwellers about sustainable agriculture practices and the importance of locally     7     (source) food.

As urban populations continue to grow, rooftop farming fosters community engagement     8     promotes healthier lifestyles by providing access to fresh and organic produce. When we look towards     9     future where environmental consciousness and sustainable practices become increasingly vital, rooftop farming stands as a testament to our ability to cultivate more than just food—we cultivate hope for a     10     (green) and more resilient world.

3 . 从词汇框中选择合适的单词完成句子。

assigned   cruel   emerge   blanketed   policy   decent complicated   envy   restoring   precisely   respectively   subsequent

1. It’s difficult to know ______ how much impact the changes will have on us.
2. The talented young artist is starting to ______ as a promising figure in the art world.
3. With a 3D printer, a cook can print ______ chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake.
4. In their final exams, Alice scored 92%, Bob scored 85% and Claire scored 78% ______.
5. The whole village was ______ with heavy snow.
6. According to the school’s ______, all students should wear uniforms during school hours.
7. Mr. Smith stayed in his room alone, ______ those ancient paintings.
8. The rate of population growth reached its highest point in 1999 and declined in ______ years.
9. His many talents were the ______ of all his classmates.
10. Leaving pets in a locked car during hot weather is ______ and dangerous.

4 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. alternative       B. astonishing             C. computerized       D. contribution             E. developing F. rate             G. modified             H. perfect          I. reject          J. relevance          K. sufficient

Using animals to test drugs intended for humans is controversial, with critics arguing there are other ways to ensure new medicines are safe and effective. But the scientists who carry out the research say animal studies remain necessary. Statistics indicate that in the UK around three million mice are being used for research and tens of millions worldwide.

Despite the difference in appearances, the genetic similarities with humans are     1    . The mouse genome (基因组) shares over 95% of its genes with humans. The animal acts as a “model”, genetically     2     to develop a human disease. But the use of mice, like any animal, in research is criticized by some.

Animal Defenders International (ADI) is one of the groups that campaigns for an end to the use of animals in research. “We would argue that it is extremely outdated, and not very good science for humans,” says Fleur Dawes of ADI. Ms. Dawes believes the suffering that the animals go through does not legalize their     3     to science and medicine for humans.” There is a big problem with that because there are huge differences between the species. And even though there are similarities with humans and mice, they react very differently to each other when experimented on. So what works in one animal is not an indication that that is how things work in other animals.”

However, Dr. Wells from Mary Lyon Centre (MLC) says they are constantly trying to     4     the process to reduce the suffering of mice.” If it’s a procedure where you can anaesthetize (麻醉) the mice, then you do it to reduce their stress. And if there is a (n)     5     method that doesn’t involve mice, you are not legally and normally allowed to do the procedure.”

If we     6     animal research, are there alternatives? Dr. Wells says, “There is a massive field     7     on alternatives, and we are very supportive of that field and we always keep track of what is going on in that field, because maybe we can replace one of our models. “Those alternatives include chips on human organs to study their function, micro-dosing treatments in humans and     8     models.” Lots of people say that there is a computer now to model what is going to happen in diseases,” Dr. Wells adds, “But we still don’t know enough to program those computers with     9     knowledge to be able to model what’s happening in every disease.”

Fleur Dawes agrees one alternative is not enough. But she says, “By combining the different alternatives, you can actually get a much better picture that is of much better     10     to humans.”

5 . 选词填空

make fun of     aware of     get through     break away from        to be frank          in spite of        belong to       due to

1. It’s urgent (迫切的) to make people ___________ (意识到) the problem of wildlife extinction.
2. It’s known to the whole world that Taiwan ___________________ (属于) China.
3. _______________ (尽管) the pain on his ankle, he still kept on running to the final line.
4. It was your encouragement that helped me to _________________ (熬过) those hard times.
5. The living space of wildlife is getting smaller ____________________ (由于) the cutting of trees.
6. In the 1940s, India _____________________ (脱离) Britain and got its independence.
7. Because of an embarrassing photo, the girl _____________________ (被取笑) online and she was very upset.

6 . 短语填空
请从下面方框里选择适当的短语并用其适当形式填空（其中有两个短语是多余的）

come as no surprise     corresponds to     is superior to     are bound to in store for            subscribe to       weigh up

1. The lazy bird had nothing ________ the winter, so he had to starve.
2. The content of the book ________ what our teacher said in class.
3. You should ________ the consequences before making this decision.
4. With a good command of English and computer skills, she ________ other candidates.
5. Some people are strongly opposed to name the college building after the famous brand, while others ________ it.

7 . 选用方框内的词汇补全语篇，每个单词限用一次，有一个单词为多余选项。

A. by accident        B. establish            C. destination     D. have an open mind E. significantly        F. are fond of        G. chief             H. interpersonal connections I. be sure to            J. with it in mind     K. transforms

When planning your next travel adventure, make sure to do thorough research on the origin and cultural heritage of your chosen     1    . This will not only enrich your experience but also promote better     2     with the locals. Keep in mind that understanding the history and customs of a place can     3     enhance your journey.

In many cases, travelers will find out unique experiences     4     while involving themselves in local life. Such unexpected discoveries often become the most cherished memories of their trip. It’s essential to     5     and a willingness to explore beyond the average tourist spots.

Moreover, if you     6     contributing positively to the places you visit, consider supporting local programmes or funding community projects. This is an excellent way to     7     a meaningful connection with the people and make a difference in their lives. The     8     purpose of travel should extend beyond personal enjoyment; it should also involve fostering mutual respect and understanding between cultures.

By engaging deeply with your destination and its people, you’re not just a visitor but an active participant in their story. So, always     9     travel with the intention of learning and giving back, as this mindset     10     simple sightseeing into a profound and rewarding human experience.

8 . 从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式，有两个为多余选项。

regard as, measure, trap, strike, stuck in, on the edge of, award

1. Twenty miners ____________ underground, but soon they were rescued.
2. In fact, any kind of street performance can ____________ a form of busking (街头卖艺).
3. Tu Youyou ____________ the Nobel Prize for her work in medical research in 2015.
4. We should take ____________ to protect endangered animals.
5. They predicted that a destructive earthquake ____________ this area before the end of the century.

9 . 用所给单词或短语的正确形式，完成下列句子，每个单词或短语只能用一遍

run out; be addicted to; break down; ambition; access; in addition; turn one’s back on; curious;

1. I ______ winning. The more I win, the more I want to win.
2. ______ showing gratitude to others, place emphasis on showing gratitude to yourself.
3. She asked the same question again and again. My patience’s beginning to ______.
4. We ought never to ______a threatened danger and try to run away from it.
5. When we gave her the bad news, she ______ and cried.
6. These documents are top secret and not ______ to the public.
7. I'm burning with ______ — you must tell me who won!
8. She is a(n) ______ young woman who is constantly striving to achieve her goals and make a positive impact in her chosen field.

10 . 用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次

equality, prepare, lose, admirable, impress, observation, react

1. __________ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
2. They want all groups to be treated on an __________ basis.
3. Jenny was very sad over the __________ of the photos she shot in Canada.
4. I want to improve my language skills in __________ for further study overseas.
5. There has been a mixed __________ to her appointment as director.
6. The most __________ thing about him is his calm acceptance of whatever comes his way.
7. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, families gather to __________ the moon and enjoy delicious moon cakes.