1 .征集要求；
2 .作品初步想法；
3 .询问意向。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词： 神舟十三号：Shenzhou- 13 manned spaceship 航天：aerospace
Dear Jim,
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Yours,
Li Hua
2 . When it comes to lowering our carbon emissions (排放), it seems that nothing is simple. Electric vehicles (EVs) act as an example of potential greenwash. “They seem very attractive at first sight,” writes The Next Web in a report. “When we look more closely, it becomes clear that they have a substantial carbon footprint.”
The rare earth metals and costly minerals included as essential ingredients in EV batteries are not renewable. What’s more, their extraction (提炼) is often anything but green.
So the question is: is it worth it? Just how much emission reduction can EVs justify? Luckily, a life cycle assessment has been done to give us some answers.
“A life cycle analysis of emissions considers three phases,” writes The Next Web. “the manufacturing phase, the use phase, and the recycling phase.” In the manufacturing phase, the battery is to blame. “Emissions from manufacturing EV batteries were estimated to be 3.2 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), 1/4 of those from an electric car, 13 tons of CO2. Those were bigger than emissions from gas cars, 10.5 tons of CO2.” If the vehicle life is assumed to be 150,000 kilometers, emissions from the manufacturing phase of an electric car are higher than gas cars.”
In the use phase, the source of electricity the consumer is using to power their car comes into play in a major way. “To understand how the emissions of electric car vary with a country’s renewable electricity share, consider Australia and New Zealand,” continues the report. “In 2018, Australia’s share of renewables in electricity was about 21%. In contrast, the number in New Zealand’s was about 84%. Electric car emissions in Australia and New Zealand are estimated at about 170g and 25g of CO2 per km respectively. As a consumer, our car is only as green as our country’s energy mix.”
Finally, in the recycling phase, we look at vehicle dismantling(拆除), vehicle recycling, battery recycling, and material recovery. “The estimated emissions in this phase, based on a study, are about 1.8 tons for a gas car and 2.4 tons for an electric car. This difference is mostly due to the emissions from battery recycling, which is 0.7 tons,” shows in the report. “While electric cars cause more greenhouse gas emissions than gas cars do, it's important to note the recycled batteries can be used in subsequent batteries. This could have significant emissions reduction benefits in the future. For complete life cycle emissions, the study shows that EV emissions are 18% lower than gas cars.”
So here’s the takeaway: EVs are greener. Maybe they’re not as green as we thought. There’s certainly room for improvement. But the real challenge lies in speeding the global energy transition toward greener energy-production.
1. Why is a life cycle analysis of emissions made?| A．To illustrate the advantages of EVs. |
| B．To show how gas cars outperform EVs. |
| C．To weigh the environmental impact of EVs. |
| D．To examine the energy sources of gas cars and EVs. |
| A．By giving instructions. | B．By highlighting features. |
| C．By making comparisons. | D．By analyzing cause and effect. |
| A．Recycling of batteries. | B．Overall driving distance. |
| C．Manufacturing technology. | D．Government’s energy policy. |
| A．EVs are worthy of the praise they have received. |
| B．EVs are not successful for their environmental downsides. |
| C．EVs will no longer be widely accepted for their emissions. |
| D．EVs are not truly green until their energy sources become green. |
3 . Move to the Music
Music helps us exercise, but why does it have this effect?
Music also motivates us. When we hear dance music, for example, we naturally start to move to the beat. An upbeat song also puts us in a good mood, so we feel happier. This gives us energy and helps us exercise longer.
How does Fritz explain this? Maybe people did better on the Jymmin machines because they had more control, he says. People created the beat. They could make it go faster or slower. Also, the activity was social. Each group was making music together and having fun. Fritz believes that Jymmin exercise may have other advantages, too.
| A．Experts say there are two main reasons. |
| B．This also helps relax our body and brain. |
| C．Music with a quick and steady beat is good for exercising, |
| D．He wants to find out if it can help with more serious conditions. |
| E．He expects to take advantage of it to tap into people’s potential. |
| F．A new study suggests this is only part of the explanation, however. |
| G．When they exercise and make music, working out seems to be easier. |
4 . Psychologists tell us our self-image defines what we believe we can and cannot do. Each of us over the years has built up belief about ourselves: Unconsciously, our pictures of who we are have been formed by past experiences. Our successes and failures, what others have told us and what we think people believe about us all help form impressions of what we think we are. Because self-image is so important in our growth, it is important to examine our concepts of self in order to reach our full potential.
Changing our self-image is possible: Some psychologists suggest we begin to change our self-image by mentally picturing ourselves performing well at some task. Since we presently react to things based on our present images, it’s suggested that we replace those with better ones. In many experiments, people were asked to sit quietly for a few minutes each day and imagine themselves doing well. For instance, subjects would sit and imagine themselves throwing darts at a bull’s-eye on a target. Over a period of weeks, their dart game improved. This has been done with people who wanted to play chess better, throw a ball more accurately increase their salesmanship or musical talents, and improve many other skills. In most cases, remarkable improvement is made.
The point of changing self-image is not to develop an image of ourselves that is not real. To try to become something we really aren’t is just as wrong as living the unrealistic, inferior image we may have. The aim is to find the real self, to bring our mental images of ourselves in line with our true potential. However, it is generally accepted among psychologists that most of us fail to do justice to ourselves. We’re usually better than we think we are.
Another important part of changing self-image is to not think about past mistakes.Don’t let failures do harm. Our errors or humiliation over mistakes are necessary steps in learning. It is all right to make mistakes. But when they have taught us what we did wrong, we should forget them and not dwell on them. Sometimes we keep remembering our failures or mistakes and feel guilty or embarrassed about them. We let them take over, and then we develop a fear.
It is important to have realistic expectations of ourselves. Some of our dissatisfaction might come from expecting too much of ourselves. If we demand constant perfection in everything we do, we can be disappointed and our poor self- image will continue. If our goal is to reach perfection, we are doomed from the start.
1. Which situation agrees with the idea of the passage?| A．To outshine his colleagues, Joe sets an idealistic goal. |
| B．To get along with her classmates, Doris always humbles herself. |
| C．To become a star player, Alex repeatedly plays back his faults in his mind. |
| D．To win a speech contest, Tina visualizes herself speaking more confidently. |
| A．To confirm the effect of changing self-image. |
| B．To clarify the principle of changing self-image. |
| C．To propose a new view on changing self-image. |
| D．To stress the importance of changing self-image. |
| A．They are part of our growth. |
| B．They are warnings for future. |
| C．They are tools for overcoming fear. |
| D．They are barriers to our development. |
| A．We Are What We Do |
| B．Be the Best We Can Be |
| C．We Are What We Think We Are |
| D．What We Are Decides What We Think |
5 . I remember driving to Palm Springs from San Diego two Thanksgivings ago. None of us pictured an icy blizzard (暴风雪)on our California vacation, but one hour into the drive, the first snowflake fell. My eyes lit up. I’d missed snow. Seeing it land on a prickly cactus made my tears well up. How I longed for cold Minnesota, my hometown.
As the altitude rose, the storm got fierce. It wasn’t long before we had no choice but to pull over. As our car slid to a stop, I looked into the distance. A line of cars as long as the Mississippi River were lined up.
Just then, a car came from behind, suddenly changing the direction to avoid hitting our car. The driver, an old man, slammed on the brakes and his car drifted across the path. It didn’t take us too long to realize his car was awfully near the edge of the mountain and slowly creeping more and more towards the side of the cliff.
Suddenly, 10 people who were sitting in their cars leapt out. From the car window, I watched an inspiring scene. Four people took the chains that protected their tires off their cars and put them on the old man’s tires. One person shoveled the snow out from his tires and tried to break the ice with his boot. Just as the old man’s car and all his belongings were about to be lost off the edge of the cliff, people stepped up and let their kind hearts override the snowstorm.
Though it was minus 30 degrees centigrade, my heart was as warm as ever. This act of kindness just reminded me how thankful I am for people and moments like these.
1. Why did the author cry when he saw the snow?| A．He felt a little homesick. |
| B．He disliked the bad weather. |
| C．He was surprised to see the snow. |
| D．He was anxious about the traffic delay. |
| A．Its braking system failed. |
| B．It was about to drop from the cliff. |
| C．It ran into the author’s car. |
| D．It lost control due to the sudden speeding. |
| A．Reliable and modest. |
| B．Kind and easy-going. |
| C．Brave and cooperative. |
| D．Enthusiastic and ambitious. |
Paragliding is a kind of flying, but instead of the wing being made of metal, wood or plastic, it is made of nylon or polyester. The wing is attached to a harness by lines where a pilot sits, similar to a parachute.
Is it safe?
Paragliding, is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving. The big advantage is that it’s probably the slowest form of aviation, so if you do crash, you'll hit the ground quite gently! It’s a very relaxing sport as you're mostly sitting down. Yet, you’ll probably experience pain in some muscles you didn’t know you had while learning, but many of those will be due to the walk up the training hill to launch.
Where do I learn?
There are lots of schools, mainly based inland by appropriate hills or mountains, and there are also schools on the coast near spectacular cliffs. These are very attractive, though the prospect of landing in the sea seems to discourage beginners! It takes seven days to get your basic license; then you’re free to fly independently at sites across the country.
What do I need?
Pilots normally wear warm clothes in case they get very high up, and a helmet in case they stumble on landing. In terms of gear, schools supply basic training, canopies, harnesses, etc. However, you'll probably want to buy your own more sophisticated equipment, which you’ll be able to choose much better once you’ve tried some out on your course.
Who can do it?
There’s no upper age limit provided your instructor judges you capable, but the youngest is 14. Anybody with good eyesight and good balance is a potential paraglider pilot.
Flying a paraglider is a great sport. We hope to see you in the air with us this season!
1. Which would be the best heading for Paragraph 1?| A．What is paragliding? | B．Who invented paragliding? |
| C．How is paragliding special? | D．Why is paragliding popular? |
| A．exciting but tiring | B．safe and relaxing |
| C．attractive but expensive | D．fast and challenging |
| A．Fit people of any age can take up paragliding. |
| B．Most paragliding schools are situated by the sea. |
| C．Pilots need to buy basic equipment on their training course. |
| D．Learners can fly on their own after at least a week’s training. |
Usually, joy and happiness
The economic achievements of the Tang Dynasty promoted the development of Chinese medicine. The Tang government
9 . Up until I was eight years old. I was an only child in my family and life was sweet. Then along came Grant, my little brother, and everything changed.
As Grant got older, he
However,
I wondered if the transition happened because he became less annoying and more of a buddy or because I became more
Today, Grant and I are a team. I know that we will always be close, if not in age or distance, then in the
| A．developed | B．changed | C．maintained | D．broke |
| A．reliable | B．annoying | C．unique | D．disappointing |
| A．angel | B．guide | C．shadow | D．enemy |
| A．besides | B．despite | C．beyond | D．for |
| A．considerate | B．critical | C．envious | D．respectful |
| A．missed | B．suggested | C．stopped | D．enjoyed |
| A．hesitated | B．happened | C．pretended | D．volunteered |
| A．creative | B．ambitious | C．independent | D．patient |
| A．innovation | B．combination | C．limitation | D．expectation |
| A．hope | B．courage | C．love | D．pride |
“It’s so cute!” “I want one!” Since such posts spread on social media, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics mascot Bing Dwen Dwen
