1 . Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds (化合物) that are set to solve some tough challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely.

The desert in Arizona is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration (脱水) within three days unless he had one of Omar Yaghi's next-generation water harvesters, who is a chemist at University of California, Berkeley. Although daytime humidity (湿度) is only about 10 percent, this rises to 40 percent at night, which means there's enough water in the atmosphere to support life — if it can be transformed into the liquid form.

That's exactly what Yaghi's invention does. It's about the size of a small microwave oven, designed to suck water from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of the sun as its power source. What makes it work is a special material called a MOF, which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules (分子) onto the surface of its internal small holes. Warm it up and you can get the water, and each harvester produces one third of a cup of pure drinking water. “A device about the size of a washing machine could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household,” says Yaghi.

These crystalline (结晶的) groups of metals linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surfaces. In this way, MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases.

MOFs work thanks to their distinctive structures.

In fact, one MOF about the size of a sugar cube has so many small holes that they would cover an area as large as six football fields. MOFs are also extremely stable, light and have many different uses: Their molecular structures can be varied to attract specific molecules.

Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to give what it's holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced for various applications.

1. Why is the desert in Arizona mentioned in the second paragraph?

A．To introduce water harvesters.

B．To stress the importance of water.

C．To show the severity of its condition.

D．To express the urgent need for water there.

2. What plays a vital role in water harvesters?

A．Solar energy.	B．Water molecules.
C．Metal-organic frameworks.	D．Internal small holes.

3. Which can explain the underlined phrase “cling to” in Paragraph 4?

A．Refer to.

B．Tend to.

C．Hold on to.

D．Turn into.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The introduction to the MOF technology.

B．The future of the MOF technology.

C．The improvement to the MOF technology.

D．The functions of the MOF technology.

2 . Have you ever heard someone say, “breakfast is the most important meal of the day”, or give you advice about why it’s vital to start the day with a healthy breakfast?     1     Is it really that important? In a sense, it really matters.

Energy restoration

The word “breakfast” comes from “breaking the fast” — the idea of ending the period in which we didn’t eat during the night. The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves to heal our bodies.     2     So, in that way, a healthy breakfast makes sense.

Weight management

There are also many often-quoted studies which seem to link a state of obesity with skipping breakfast.     3     In a US study, 50,000 people were monitored over seven years, and those who ate a healthy breakfast were found to have a lower BMI, which seems to suggest that breakfast may indeed help people maintain a healthy weight.

Better brain function

    4     Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration and language. A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, though the effects on other brain functions were inconclusive. However, one of the researchers says there is reasonable evidence that breakfast does improve concentration.

What’s most important is what we eat for breakfast. High-protein breakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing food cravings and consumption later in the day. However, studies found that there is no agreement on what type of breakfast is healthier.     5    

A．Breakfast helps us refill the exhausted stores.

B．Weight-loss is likely to cause them health problems.

C．Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight.

D．Breakfast types don’t matter as much as simply eating something.

E．Thus, it is suggested that a healthy breakfast can regulate and lose weight.

F．Many people are recommended to manage their weight by skipping meals.

G．It seems that this feast, for many of us, is necessary for our day to start well.

3 . 假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，你校组织了一场安全讲座，请你就此写一则通知。内容包括：
①讲座的时间、地点；
②讲座的主要内容；
③其他注意事项。
注意：①词数80左右；
②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are playing out. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve in response to warming.

Birds are often considered sentinel（哨兵）species — meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem — so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re responding to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course.

For the new study, researchers collected the biggest dataset so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall declined, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost substantial weight, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body mass, while a third grew longer wings.

Because of the study's long time series and large sample sizes, the authors were able to show the morphological（形态学的）effects of climate change on resident birds. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate（散发）more heat faster than a bigger animal. Less available food, such as fruit or insects, in dryer weather might lead to smaller body size.

1. Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds?

A．They have small body sizes.

B．They are sensitive to hot weather.

C．They live in an undisturbed rainforest.

D．They are ecological balance indicators.

2. What can we learn from the new study?

A．A third of species have been extinct for a decade.

B．36 species lost 2%of their body weight every year.

C．Two-thirds of species showed a considerable decrease in weight.

D．About 26 species responded to climate change with longer wings.

3. The passage most probably comes from?

A．A news report	B．An autobiography
C．An academic article	D．A nature magazine

4. What would probably the researchers further study?

A．Why it is easier for smaller animals to keep cool.

B．What effects the wing length changes have on birds.

C．Why the Amazonian birds have lost substantial weight.

D．Whether bird species in North America will be extinct in 2100.

5 . City Ticket for Weekend Travel on Metro-North

If you're travelling on Metro-North Railroad within New York City on weekends，you can get a CityTicket.

Price

CityTickets cost $4.50 and are good for one-way travel that begins and ends within New York City as long as riders continue their trips in the same direction. On Metro-North，you can use a CityTicket for trips on Hudson or Harlem line trains between the Bronx and Manhattan.

How to buy a City Ticket

You can buy a CityTicket at a ticket office，a ticket machine，or on the Etix app on your phone. Not all stations have ticket windows open on weekends，but all stations have ticket machines. You cannot buy a City Ticket when you go aboard a train.

·CityTickets are available starting at 12：01 am on Saturdays through 11：59 pm on Sundays.

·They must be used on the day of purchase（购买）.

·You have an extra period that allows you to travel until 4 am on Sunday or Monday morning for tickets purchased on Saturdays or Sundays，respectively（分别地）.

CityTicket limitations

You can't use a CityTicket：

·For travel to or from Belmont Park Station which is only open during special events，or the FarRockaway Station because these trips travel through Nassau County.

·On New Haven Line trains between Manhattan and Fordham Station.

·CityTicket can be used for direct travel only. You cannot change direction at junction points.

·$10 is required for per refund（退款）.

1. Which trip can the CityTicket be used for?

A．A one-way trip to Belmont Park Station.

B．A trip from the Far Rockaway Station.

C．A round trip within New York City.

D．A trip from the Bronx to Manhattan.

2. Where can't you buy a CityTicket?

A．At a subway station.	B．From a ticket machine.
C．On a mobile phone app.	D．On the train you have taken.

3. When can you use a CityTicket bought on Saturday?

A．At 2 am on Sunday.	B．All through the week.
C．Any time in the month.	D．At 10 am on Friday.

6 . 假如你是李华，你的朋友Tom给你来信说近期由于饮食问题而身体不适，影响了学习和生活。请你按下面的要求给他写封信，建议他养成良好的饮食习惯。
1. 健康饮食的重要性；
2. 吃健康早餐，远离含脂肪、油、糖多的食物，多吃蔬菜水果；
3. 饮食均衡，有规律。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

7 . 假定你是李华，你班上周举办的英语演讲比赛取得了圆满成功。请你给外教Mr Smith写封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 介绍演讲比赛的情况；2. 感谢他的指导和帮助。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr Smith,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sincerely,

Li Hua

9 . 假设你是李华，最近你因为与同桌产生矛盾而苦恼，写信给英语报社“知心话栏目”，要点如下：
1.写信目的；2.事件经过及你的感受；3.请求帮助。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Editor,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

10 . 假定你是李华，就读于北京某国际学校，你校将开展一次急救知识宣传活动。请你根据这项活动的主题，向全校同学发出倡议，内容包括：
1.掌握急救知识的重要性；
2.动员大家学习急救知识。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear students,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Students’ union