1 . Directions:   Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. emerge          B. absorbing            C. subject          D. defining          E. movement F. originally       G. course            H. universally        I. happens        J. constant       K. corresponds

How Long Is a Second?

The length of a second depends on how you’re measuring it. There are 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour, and 60 seconds in a minute — so surely a second is 1/86400, of a day, right? Well, it turns out that     1     time isn’t that simple.

“The second was     2     based on the length of the day,” Peter Whibberley, a senior scientist at the National Physical Laboratory in the U.K., told Live Science. “People observed the sun passing overhead and started measuring its     3     using sundials (日晷). However, sundials have a few disadvantages. Aside from the obvious problem of not being able to read a sundial when the sun isn’t visible, relying on Earth’s daily turning is surprisingly inaccurate. “The turning is not precisely     4    ,” Whibberley said. “The Earth speeds up and slows down over time.” So how can we precisely measure time if using the length of a day is so unreliable?

In the 16^th century, people turned to technological solutions to this problem, and the first recognizable mechanical clocks began to     5    . The earliest mechanical clocks, which were designed to click at a specific frequency, averaged over the     6     of a year.

By around 1940, quartz crystal clocks (石英钟) had become the new gold standard. However, problems arose, and this was where atomic clocks came in. “Atoms exist only in particular energy states and can only change from one state to another by     7     or giving out a fixed amount of energy,” Whibberley explained. “That energy     8     to a precise frequency, so you can use that frequency as a reference for time keeping.” The astronomical second continued to vary. Every few years, scientists must add a second to allow Earth’s slowing turning to keep up with atomic time.

In fact, scientists are discussing whether it’s time to redefine the second again. But while several important questions still need to be answered before this     9    , it’s clear that the strictly correct definition of a second is     10     to change.

2 . 词性转换
1. volunteer n．志愿者；v.自愿做，义务做→________ adj.志愿的；自愿的
2. prefer vt.较喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)→________ n．偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物/人
3. move vt.& vi.移动；搬家 vt.使感动→________ n．动作；运动；活动
4. actual adj.实际的；真实的→________ adv.事实上；的确
5. fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的；熟练的→________ adv.流利地→fluency n．流利；流畅
6. recommend vt.建议；推荐；介绍→________ n．建议；推荐
7. responsible adj.负责的；有责任的→________ adv.负责地；有责任地→________ n．责任；义务
8. edit vt.编辑；剪辑→________ n．主编；编辑；编者→________ n．版本；版次
9. survive vi.& vt.幸存；比……活得长→________ n．生存；幸存；幸存事物→________ n．幸存者
10. addict n．对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人→________ adj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的→________ n．着迷；上瘾
11. advance n．前进；发展 vi.前进；发展 vt.发展；促进→________ adj.高级的；高等的；先进的

4 . 词性转换
1. move v. 移动，搬家→________ n. 运动，动作→________ adj.移动的；动人的→________ adj.感动的
2. technique n. 技巧，手法→________ adj.技术的，工艺的
3. transform v. 使改观，使变形，使转化→________ n. 转化，转换
4. incredible adj.难以置信的→________ adv.难以置信地
5. emotion n. 强烈的情感→________ adj.情绪（上）的，情感（上）的
6. combine v. （使）结合，（使）组合→________ n. 结合
7. explode v. 爆炸，爆发→________ n. 爆炸，爆发→________ adj.爆炸（式）的，爆发的
8. extreme adj.极其的；极度的→________ adv.极度，极其
9. absorb v. 吸收，吸引→________ adj.专心致志的
10. absolute adj.完全的；绝对的→________ adv.完全地，绝对地

5 . 令人惊讶的是，简单的肢体动作竟会对我们的思考方式影响这么多。(it引导的主语从句) （汉译英）
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6 . 2020年，我国单独申报的太极拳项目成功被列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。 太极拳是中国传统拳术之一。它的一拳一式，都能确保血、气在体内“游刃有余”，对人体的健康有着神奇的作用。（汉译英）

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7 . 词性转换
1. move v.移动；挪动→________________ n.运动，动作
2. transform v.使改观，使变形，使转化→________________ n.转换；转化
3. energy n.精力，活力，能量→________________ adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的
4. anger n.愤怒，怒火→________________ adj.愤怒的
5. combine v.(使)结合，(使)组合→________________ n.结合；联合体
6. explode v.(使)爆炸，爆发→________________ adj.爆炸(式)的，爆发的→________________ n.爆炸；爆炸声
7. absorb v.吸收；吸引(注意)；吞并→________________ adj.专心致志的
8. appeal v.恳求；呼吁 n.魅力，吸引力→________________adj.有吸引力的，有趣的
9. arrange v.安排；布置，排列→________________n.安排，筹划
10. rude adj.粗鲁的，无礼的→________________n.粗鲁，无礼
11. disappoint vt.使失望→________________ adj.失望的，沮丧的→________________adj.令人失望的→________________n.失望
12. origin n.起源→________________adj.原先的，最初的→________________ adv.最初地
13. behave v.表现→________________ n.行为
14. normal adj.正常的，平常的→________________ adj.不正常的→________________ adv.正常地，平常地
15. absent adj.缺席的；缺乏的→________________n.缺乏，没有

8 . 我正要离开这时蜂鸟出现了。一阵儿活动引起了我的注意。
I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared.
________ caught my attention.

10 . 汉译英
1. _______n．活动
2. _______adj.大量的
3. _______ adj.惊人的
4. _______ n．认识
5. _______v．活下来，幸存
6. _______ v．观察
7. _______ adj.奇妙的
8. _______例如
9. _______事实上