1 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. empowers          B. termed                 C. interaction          D. implications       E. advances   F. question                       G. obtained             H. additionally       I. pressure                  J. currently             K. defining

A New Era of Creative Partnerships

In a new paper in a Nature Human Behavior special issue on AI, researcher Janet Rafner from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Center for Hybrid Intelligence at Aarhus University and Prof. Jacob Sherson, director of the Center for Hybrid Intelligence, together with international partners, discuss research and societal       1     of creativity and AI.

The team of researchers argue that we should direct our attention to understanding and developing co-creativity, the interaction between humans and machines towards what is       2     a human-centered AI and hybrid intelligence.   In this way we will be able to develop interfaces(界面) that at the same time ensure both high degrees of automatization through AI and human control and hereby supporting a relationship that best    3     each other.

Rafner comments: To date, most studies on human-AI co-creativity come from the field of human-computer     4     and focus on the abilities of the AI, and the interaction design and dynamics.

While these       5     are key for understanding the dynamics between humans and algorithms(算法) and human attitudes towards the co-creative process and product, there is an urgent need to enrich these applications with the insights about creativity     6     over the past decades in the psychological sciences.

“Right now, we need to move the conversation away from questions like Can AI be creative? One reason for this is that    7     creativity is not set in stone. When investigating human only, machine only, and human-AI co-creativity, we need to consider the type and level of creativity under       8    , from everyday creative activities that are perhaps more suitable to machine automatization to contributions that may require higher-level human intervention;     9    , it is much more meaningful to consider some questions like, what are the similarities and differences in human cognition, behavior, motivation and self-efficacy(自我效能) between human-AI co-creativity and human creativity?”explains Rafner.

We,     10    , don’t know enough about co-creativity between humans and machines, because the line between humans and artificial intelligence isn’t always clear. Looking ahead, researchers should balance predictive accuracy with theoretical understanding, towards the goal of developing intelligent systems to both measure and enhance human creativity.

2 . Directions:   Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. emerge          B. absorbing            C. subject          D. defining          E. movement F. originally       G. course            H. universally        I. happens        J. constant       K. corresponds

How Long Is a Second?

The length of a second depends on how you’re measuring it. There are 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour, and 60 seconds in a minute — so surely a second is 1/86400, of a day, right? Well, it turns out that     1     time isn’t that simple.

“The second was     2     based on the length of the day,” Peter Whibberley, a senior scientist at the National Physical Laboratory in the U.K., told Live Science. “People observed the sun passing overhead and started measuring its     3     using sundials (日晷). However, sundials have a few disadvantages. Aside from the obvious problem of not being able to read a sundial when the sun isn’t visible, relying on Earth’s daily turning is surprisingly inaccurate. “The turning is not precisely     4    ,” Whibberley said. “The Earth speeds up and slows down over time.” So how can we precisely measure time if using the length of a day is so unreliable?

In the 16^th century, people turned to technological solutions to this problem, and the first recognizable mechanical clocks began to     5    . The earliest mechanical clocks, which were designed to click at a specific frequency, averaged over the     6     of a year.

By around 1940, quartz crystal clocks (石英钟) had become the new gold standard. However, problems arose, and this was where atomic clocks came in. “Atoms exist only in particular energy states and can only change from one state to another by     7     or giving out a fixed amount of energy,” Whibberley explained. “That energy     8     to a precise frequency, so you can use that frequency as a reference for time keeping.” The astronomical second continued to vary. Every few years, scientists must add a second to allow Earth’s slowing turning to keep up with atomic time.

In fact, scientists are discussing whether it’s time to redefine the second again. But while several important questions still need to be answered before this     9    , it’s clear that the strictly correct definition of a second is     10     to change.

3 . 词性转换
1. v 下定义 ________ n 定义________
2. n、v 感觉，感官 ________ n 传感器 ________ adj 敏感的 _______
3. adj 教学的，学术的 ________ adv   ________
4. v 吸引住；雇佣；从事 ________ n 订婚，雇佣，预约________
5. v 使恼怒 ________ adj 生气的 ________ adj 烦人的 ________
6. n. 球体，地球 ________ adj 全球的 _________
7. n、v 羡慕，嫉妒 ________ adj 嫉妒的 _________

4 . 汉译英
1. ________ adj. 心烦的；苦恼的vt. 使烦恼；搅乱
2. ________ n. 准则； 指导原则
3. ________ n. 作者；作家
4. ________ n. 忠告；诀窍；实用的提示
5. ________ adj. 熟悉；熟知
6. ________ vt. 给……下定义；界定；解释
7. ________ n. 盒；箱；情况；案件

5 . 汉译英
1. ________ vt.按；压；敦促→pressure n．压力
2. ________   n．隐私；私密→private adj.私人的；秘密的
3. ________   adj.粗鲁的；无礼的→rudely adv.无礼地；粗暴地→rudeness n．无礼；粗暴→polite adj.有礼貌的
4. ________   adj.特定的；特别的；讲究的→particularly adv.特别；格外
5. ________   vt.使窘迫；使尴尬→embarrassing adj.让人难堪(尴尬；害羞)的→embarrassed adj.尴尬的→embarrassment n．尴尬
6. ________   vt.给……下定义；界定；解释→definition n．定义；释义

7 . 词性转换
1. predict [vt.]预言，预告→________ [n.]预言，预告
2. illegal [adj.]不合法的，非法的→________ (反义词)
3. conclude [vt.]断定，推断出;达成，订立；(使)结束，终止→________ [n.]结论
4. justified [adj.]合乎情理的，事出有因的，事实上的→________ [vt.]证明……有理
5. superiority [n.]优越感；优越性，优势→________ [adj.] (在品质上)更好的；(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的
6. definition [n.]定义；释义，解释→________ [vt.]下定义
7. academic [adj.]教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的→________ [adv.]学术上→________ [n.]学院
8. engage [vt. & vi.]吸引住(注意力、兴趣等；)雇用，聘用；与……建立亲密关系→________ [adj.]忙碌的；已订婚的→________ [n.]订婚；约定
9. optimistic [adj.]乐观的，抱乐观看法的→________ [n.]乐观
10. annoy [vt.]使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→________ [adj.]感到恼怒的，生气的→________ [adj.]令人生气的，令人厌烦的
11. globe [n.]球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界→________ [adj.]全球的；全面的
12. expense [n.]费用；开销；开支→________ [vt.]花费，消费→________ [adj.]昂贵的

8 . 英汉互译
1. ________ n. 偷(窃)；盗窃罪 联想 ________ n. 小偷；贼
2. ________   adj. 让人难堪(尴尬；害羞)的 联想 ________ adj. 难堪(尴尬；害羞)的
3. ________ adj. 心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的vt. (过去式________，过去分词________)使烦恼；使生气；搅乱
4. define vt. ________ 派 definition n. ________
5. ________ adj. 粗鲁的；无礼的 搭配 ________ ________ ________... 对……粗鲁 同 ________
6. ________ adj. 特定的；特别的；讲究的；挑剔的
搭配 ①________ ________ ________... 对……挑剔的 ② ________ ________ 尤其；特别
7. ________ adj. 熟悉；熟知 搭配 ________ ________ ________... 对……熟悉
8. make fun of ________
9. keep (...) in mind ________
10. give out ________