1 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. empowers          B. termed                 C. interaction          D. implications       E. advances   F. question                       G. obtained             H. additionally       I. pressure                  J. currently             K. defining

A New Era of Creative Partnerships

In a new paper in a Nature Human Behavior special issue on AI, researcher Janet Rafner from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Center for Hybrid Intelligence at Aarhus University and Prof. Jacob Sherson, director of the Center for Hybrid Intelligence, together with international partners, discuss research and societal       1     of creativity and AI.

The team of researchers argue that we should direct our attention to understanding and developing co-creativity, the interaction between humans and machines towards what is       2     a human-centered AI and hybrid intelligence.   In this way we will be able to develop interfaces(界面) that at the same time ensure both high degrees of automatization through AI and human control and hereby supporting a relationship that best    3     each other.

Rafner comments: To date, most studies on human-AI co-creativity come from the field of human-computer     4     and focus on the abilities of the AI, and the interaction design and dynamics.

While these       5     are key for understanding the dynamics between humans and algorithms(算法) and human attitudes towards the co-creative process and product, there is an urgent need to enrich these applications with the insights about creativity     6     over the past decades in the psychological sciences.

“Right now, we need to move the conversation away from questions like Can AI be creative? One reason for this is that    7     creativity is not set in stone. When investigating human only, machine only, and human-AI co-creativity, we need to consider the type and level of creativity under       8    , from everyday creative activities that are perhaps more suitable to machine automatization to contributions that may require higher-level human intervention;     9    , it is much more meaningful to consider some questions like, what are the similarities and differences in human cognition, behavior, motivation and self-efficacy(自我效能) between human-AI co-creativity and human creativity?”explains Rafner.

We,     10    , don’t know enough about co-creativity between humans and machines, because the line between humans and artificial intelligence isn’t always clear. Looking ahead, researchers should balance predictive accuracy with theoretical understanding, towards the goal of developing intelligent systems to both measure and enhance human creativity.

2 . Directions:   Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. emerge          B. absorbing            C. subject          D. defining          E. movement F. originally       G. course            H. universally        I. happens        J. constant       K. corresponds

How Long Is a Second?

The length of a second depends on how you’re measuring it. There are 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour, and 60 seconds in a minute — so surely a second is 1/86400, of a day, right? Well, it turns out that     1     time isn’t that simple.

“The second was     2     based on the length of the day,” Peter Whibberley, a senior scientist at the National Physical Laboratory in the U.K., told Live Science. “People observed the sun passing overhead and started measuring its     3     using sundials (日晷). However, sundials have a few disadvantages. Aside from the obvious problem of not being able to read a sundial when the sun isn’t visible, relying on Earth’s daily turning is surprisingly inaccurate. “The turning is not precisely     4    ,” Whibberley said. “The Earth speeds up and slows down over time.” So how can we precisely measure time if using the length of a day is so unreliable?

In the 16^th century, people turned to technological solutions to this problem, and the first recognizable mechanical clocks began to     5    . The earliest mechanical clocks, which were designed to click at a specific frequency, averaged over the     6     of a year.

By around 1940, quartz crystal clocks (石英钟) had become the new gold standard. However, problems arose, and this was where atomic clocks came in. “Atoms exist only in particular energy states and can only change from one state to another by     7     or giving out a fixed amount of energy,” Whibberley explained. “That energy     8     to a precise frequency, so you can use that frequency as a reference for time keeping.” The astronomical second continued to vary. Every few years, scientists must add a second to allow Earth’s slowing turning to keep up with atomic time.

In fact, scientists are discussing whether it’s time to redefine the second again. But while several important questions still need to be answered before this     9    , it’s clear that the strictly correct definition of a second is     10     to change.

3 . 词性转换
1. predict [vt.]预言，预告→________ [n.]预言，预告
2. illegal [adj.]不合法的，非法的→________ (反义词)
3. conclude [vt.]断定，推断出;达成，订立；(使)结束，终止→________ [n.]结论
4. justified [adj.]合乎情理的，事出有因的，事实上的→________ [vt.]证明……有理
5. superiority [n.]优越感；优越性，优势→________ [adj.] (在品质上)更好的；(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的
6. definition [n.]定义；释义，解释→________ [vt.]下定义
7. academic [adj.]教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的→________ [adv.]学术上→________ [n.]学院
8. engage [vt. & vi.]吸引住(注意力、兴趣等；)雇用，聘用；与……建立亲密关系→________ [adj.]忙碌的；已订婚的→________ [n.]订婚；约定
9. optimistic [adj.]乐观的，抱乐观看法的→________ [n.]乐观
10. annoy [vt.]使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→________ [adj.]感到恼怒的，生气的→________ [adj.]令人生气的，令人厌烦的
11. globe [n.]球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界→________ [adj.]全球的；全面的
12. expense [n.]费用；开销；开支→________ [vt.]花费，消费→________ [adj.]昂贵的

4 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. defined                 B. aiding                 C. trends                 D. dominate          E. typical        F. loss G. necessities               H. featured            I. mark                  J. survive             K. appliances

American Decoration in the Middle of the 20th Century

Home decorating has come a long way over the decades. Certain elements that began as     1    for survival—like fireplaces—have transformed into decorative elements in the modern age. Some styles are still massively popular, inspiring copycat furniture that sells for thousands. Other     2    are ignored or even ridiculed.

No one knows what home decoration of the future will look like. But if we look back through history, we can guess which design elements will come back—and which will disappear forever.

The Great Depression affected every aspect of American life—including decoration.   People were just trying to     3    during the 1930s, which didn’t leave a lot of room for non-essentials. But that doesn’t mean everyone gave up on making their homes look beautiful. A     4    living room would have a few throw rugs in interesting patterns, too. There was no one type of furniture that     5    the 1930s—curved and straight line furniture still     6    as the Art Deco style from the previous era was still popular. Plastic chairs and wingback chairs all had a place in the 1930s home. People were also likely to use what they had and not care so much about matching a certain taste.

It’s impossible to describe the 1940s without mentioning World War II. During the first half of the decade, home design took a backseat to     7    the war effort. The second half was much different. Returning soldiers had something new to look forward to: new kitchens with     8    such as refrigerators, freezers, and dishwashers. Traditional wood furniture in dark or blonde tones graced every room of the home.

Post-war America was a lot happier and shinier than recent decades. With a prospering middle class and a healthy economy, people had more time and money to devote to new pursuits—like decorating their houses.

The unfussy furniture made popular by Charles Eames started to     9    the American household. Everything was simple and uncomplicated. Wall to wall carpeting became the most desirable type of flooring, especially in unique colours.

The 60s brought about many changes to American culture and home design was no exception. People wanted to show off their unique sense of style more than ever before. Homes weren’t just seen as a     10    of how successful you were—they were also a chance to let your personality shine through home decoration.

5 . 词性转换
1. ________ adj. 不同的；多种多样的→________ n. 差异（性）；不同（点）；多样性
2. ________ n. 机会；运气→________ adj. 幸运的→________ adv. 幸运地
3. ________ vi & vt. 承认 vt. 准许进入（或加入）→________ n. 准许加入；承认；入场费
4. ________ vt. 定义；使明确；规定→________ n. 定义→________ adj. 一定的；确切的→_________ adv. 肯定；确实
5. ________ vi. 发生；出现→_________ n. 发生的事情；发生；出现
6. ________ n.传教（区）；重要任务；使命→________ n. 传教士，教区传教士→________ adj. 传教的；传教士的；传教士般的
7. ________ n. 历史，历史学→________ adj. 有历史意义的；历史上著名的________ adj. （有关）历史的
8. ________ vt. 选择；挑选；选拔→________ n. 选择；挑选→_________ adj. 选择性的；认真挑选的
9. ________ n. 财政，财政学；金融 vt. 负担经费，供给……经费 vi. 筹措资金→________ adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的
10. ________ n. 诗人→________ n. 诗；诗歌→________ n. 诗集；诗歌；诗作
11. ________ vt. 包；裹；折叠 vt. & vi. （可）折小；（可）叠平→________ v. （使）展开；打开；（使）展示
12. ________ vt. 建造；建筑；创建→_________ n. 建筑；建造；建造物；（句子、短语等的）结构→_________ adj. 建设性的；有助益的；积极的

7 . Part of Beijing Subway Line 19 has already been put into operation, and the government has ________ that four more stations on this line will open within 2022.

A．defined

B．disarmed

C．declared

D．demanded

9 . 高中生很有可能将英语简单地定义为一种工具。(likely, define) （汉译英）