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文章大意:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过回忆与童年时期想象中的朋友Gemma的种种互动,突出了她对自己勇敢、探索等精神的影响,以及对自己自信心的培养。然而,作者也指出了调查显示的现实情况:越来越多的孩子缺乏想象中的朋友,部分原因是屏幕时间的增加。作者认为想象中的朋友可能是孩子们生活中的一种调剂,在他们需要时出现,但随着生活变得更加忙碌和充实,这种友谊也逐渐消失。作者提醒读者想象中的朋友对孩子很重要,因为这有助于创造出最好的想法。

1 . When I was three, I had a very good friend named Gemma. She was fearless where I was anxious, rebellious where I was conservative, and _________ where I was awkward. She was also entirely imaginary. With Gemma’s support, I almost made it to the top shelf of the bookcase before my parents found me — and “Gemma said it was fine!” did not _________ me from a telling-off (责骂).

I cannot remember when or how I “met” Gemma, and, perhaps sadder still, I do not remember the _________ time I “saw” her. _________ my brain created her, she inspired me to go on adventures I would not have had the confidence to embark upon without her. It _________ me, then, that 72 percent of nursery workers believe children have fewer imaginary friends than they did five years ago, as is shown by a recent survey. This is believed to be a result of _________ screen time.

It is thought that 40 percent of us at one time or another had imaginary friends during our _________. In an essay for Aeon, writer Sophie Elmhirst found that 81 percent of those surveyed had “lost” their imaginary friends after they turned ten, but most of these friendships ended _________. Perhaps imaginary friends simply stay with us for as long as we need them. They move on when our lives become too _________ for our brains to make space to generate their own entertainment.

If you have enjoyed an imaginary friendship, I would guess that you did not __________ sit down to create a perfect pal. They probably arrived as an indication of the thoughts and ideas you never knew you had. In order to be a good __________ to an imaginary friend, you need to be able to make “what if?” into an exciting proposition. When we grow up, we are too quick to finish the sentence with “what if it goes wrong?”

Having grown up, we might not need our imaginary friends anymore, but we could still use a reminder that a little bit of boredom is good for us, and that our brains can create the best ideas when they are left to their own devices. If there are fewer imaginary friends __________ the worlds where our children live, that might lead to a future with fewer artists, writers and problem-solvers. This is a real cause for __________.

As an adult, I think of my fearless, invisible friend Gemma whenever I have to do something that __________ me — usually public speaking, rather than scaling a bookcase. However, whenever I __________ my own expectations and meet myself in a place that I did not think I could quite reach, I can hear my subconscious whispering, “Gemma made me do it.”

1.
A.adaptableB.generousC.disturbingD.skillful
2.
A.benefitB.concealC.banD.save
3.
A.firstB.lastC.latestD.previous
4.
A.As ifB.As long asC.Even thoughD.Given that
5.
A.convincesB.recallsC.remindsD.saddens
6.
A.easyB.decreasedC.hardD.increased
7.
A.adolescenceB.adulthoodC.babyhoodD.childhood
8.
A.accidentallyB.dramaticallyC.naturallyD.unfortunately
9.
A.secureB.instructiveC.fullD.productive
10.
A.consciouslyB.invisiblyC.personallyD.realistically
11.
A.bossB.companionC.expertD.instructor
12.
A.challengingB.limitingC.locatingD.populating
13.
A.boredomB.concernC.imaginationD.limitation
14.
A.defeatsB.encouragesC.inspiresD.scares
15.
A.am short ofB.go againstC.go beyondD.live up to
文章大意:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者对妈妈做的土豆泥的喜爱以及食物之所以能起到安慰的作用是因为它和回忆有关。

2 . Turkey is not my thing, but one dish I cannot live without on Thanksgiving is my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes. I start________these potatoes, my annual time release capsule of pure joy in early November. I’m pretty sure I’ve had them at every Thanksgiving since I was a kid, and bites often transport me back to different years and different dining rooms.

How and why is it that certain foods give us so much________ ? And what can be said about the kinds of foods we consider most comforting? Science tells us that taste and nutritional content affect how foods make us feel, but certain foods are especially________ satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content. Much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they stimulate for us and the people we’re with while we________them. Past and present________shape the foods we find comforting.

Often, we love food because we have________ memories associated with it. My mom’s mashed potatoes (土豆泥) remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family. We are also drawn to foods we were given early in life by people who cared for us, which can help explain our________ love for chicken noodle soup, which many parents feed their sick children to make them feel better.

The smell of food can________powerful memories, too. The part of the brain responsible for processing smell directly connects to the amygdala, a brain region that processes emotions, and the hippocampus, which handles memory. And our memory for smells is________and precise, especially when it comes to smell we were first exposed to in childhood. That’s why you might catch the smell of pumpkin pie baking in the oven and be transported back to the first tine you baked it with your grandmother.

These________can go the other way, too. Sometimes you might feel________when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also________foods that we associate with bad experiences.

In addition to past memories, the________in which we eat foods shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment, and our gustatory (味觉的) experiences can be________by a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together.I________my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes that much more today because I got to eat them with my husband and two children, the three people I love most in the world.

1.
A.cutting down onB.looking forward toC.making forD.putting away
2.
A.perspectiveB.pleasureC.spaceD.transition
3.
A.emotionallyB.financiallyC.physicallyD.visually
4.
A.enjoyB.memorizeC.orderD.recall
5.
A.companyB.menusC.outlookD.recipes
6.
A.culturalB.fondC.photographicD.shared
7.
A.collectiveB.creativeC.lostD.parental
8.
A.awakeB.correctC.preserveD.record
9.
A.bitter-sweetB.freshC.long-lastingD.selective
10.
A.associationsB.experiencesC.foodsD.memories
11.
A.alertB.amazedC.disappointedD.sad
12.
A.avoidB.consumeC.storeD.swallow
13.
A.areaB.backgroundC.contextD.emotion
14.
A.enhancedB.offeredC.reflectedD.weakened
15.
A.adaptedB.appreciatedC.copiedD.digested
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