1 . Compassion (同情) literally means “suffering together”. Among many emotion researchers, it is __________ as the feeling that arises when you encounter a person’s suffering and feel motivated to __________ his or her suffering.

Compassion is not the same as empathy (共鸣), though the two concepts are __________. Empathy refers more generally to our ability to feel the __________ of another person, while compassion goes a step beyond and appears when those feelings and thoughts include the desire to __________.

When we feel compassion, our heart rate slows down. Then a chemical is produced in our body and _________ regions of the brain linked to empathy and caregiving light up, which often results in our wanting to __________ other people and offer assistance.

Compassion often comes in two forms, which vary __________ where these feelings are directed. Your experience of compassion may focus on other people, or it may inwardly focus on yourself.

When we __________ compassion, we can start by __________ another person’s situation. We look at what they are __________ without passing judgment on their behavior and put ourselves in their shoes. And then we’ll find ourselves filled with compassion.

Compassion tends to have a __________ impact on our life, ranging from improving our relationships to boosting our psychological __________. One study found that people who volunteer out of concern for others can be as __________ as the receivers. The finding suggests that compassion itself can be a __________ to the givers.

1.

A．applied

B．adjusted

C．advertised

D．defined

2.

A．stay

B．relieve

C．blame

D．tell

3.

A．interesting

B．helpful

C．related

D．typical

4.

A．emotions

B．character

C．tastes

D．spirit

5.

A．quit

B．help

C．learn

D．endure

6.

A．casually

B．oppositely

C．accordingly

D．potentially

7.

A．command

B．avoid

C．consult

D．approach

8.

A．depending on

B．standing for

C．putting off

D．bringing about

9.

A．pretend

B．appreciate

C．practice

D．lose

10.

A．repeating

B．monitoring

C．improving

D．understanding

11.

A．looking for

B．going through

C．showing off

D．breaking up

12.

A．complicated

B．positive

C．standard

D．possible

13.

A．well-being

B．doubt

C．responsibility

D．barrier

14.

A．tolerant

B．friendly

C．generous

D．delighted

15.

A．demand

B．skill

C．reward

D．secret

2 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. How does the woman feel now?

A．Upset.

B．Nervous.

C．Regretful.

2. What happened to the woman?

A．She made some serious mistakes.

B．She quarreled with her parents.

C．She had difficulty in socializing.

3. What does the man think is basic to bridging the generation gap?

A．Respect.

B．Patience.

C．Communication.

3 . How do you express gratitude in your everyday life? For me, it sometimes feels worrying: hand-writing hundreds of thank you cards after an anniversary, or making sure to eat every last bite on my plate so my grandma wouldn’t think I was ungrateful for the meal.

    1    Here are some tips about how to be better at showing gratitude.

Start a gratitude journal or write a letter. Make it a habit to put down the things that you’re thankful for.     2     There’s also some evidence that it could lower your risk of heart disease and symptoms of depression for some people. Think of someone in your life who you have not had the chance to thank. Think of a specific instance when they helped you. Then, it’s a good idea to send them a letter.     3    

    4     Look around in your immediate space, and take notice of everything that makes up your environment: the sky, the cool wind, the warmth of your sweater. The act of simply noticing and naming things is a great way to stretch your gratitude muscle as well as obtain some clarity on the strength of all the unique connections in your life.

Bear in mind the difference between saying “thanks to” and “thanks for”. Being grateful “for” something can be a little unclear or general.     5     It encourages specificity and reminds you of your connection with and responsibility to that person or thing.

A．Stretch your gratitude muscle.

B．Notice the world surrounding you.

C．Better still, deliver it in person and read it to them.

D．A habitual gratitude journal will certainly benefit us.

E．But experts say it doesn’t have to be that complicated.

F．In fact, this habit reduces materialism and enhances generosity.

G．Being grateful “to” something or someone implies a direct relationship.

4 . Cope With Loneliness or Depression

My grandmother, Margaret lived to be 104, spending the last 16 years of her life in a nursing home. Although ______ kept in a wheelchair from severe arthritis(关节炎), she was mentally sharp until her ______. In fact, she was one of the very few residents there who could still think clearly. ______ the passing years, friends and family members died. Yet, when I had the ______ to visit her, she never seemed to be despondent or ______ of being lonely. After my visits, I ______ left thinking “If I lived that long, would I have the same ______? Was there something special or different in the way she thought that prevented her from becoming ______ ?”

By our very nature, human beings are relational. As social beings, we need some sense of ______ to the world around us, whether it’s through people or the ______ world. In what appeared to be the very ______world of my grandmother, she had ______ close relationships with the nurses on her floor. I’ve ______ a lot on the example my grandmother provided during her ______ years. I’ve asked myself many questions about aging and how to ______ a sense of well-being as our world ______ to narrow from the death of family and friends or major health issues. Perhaps what I’ve ______ will help you, too.

Being alone. What does that ______ bring into your mind? The way we feel about being alone has something to do with the way we frame it. For example, you ______ be in a large group of people and still feel very lonely. Yet, some people seem to recharge and actually energize by taking the time to be alone. Once your thoughts and feelings change, it will be ______ for your behavior to change as well.

1.

A．mentally

B．sadly

C．happily

D．physically

2.

A．recovery

B．death

C．victory

D．failure

3.

A．While

B．As

C．Until

D．With

4.

A．chance

B．honor

C．right

D．choice

5.

A．complained

B．reminded

C．informed

D．thought

6.

A．never

B．sometimes

C．always

D．seldom

7.

A．ability

B．luck

C．attitude

D．age

8.

A．depressed

B．disappointed

C．annoyed

D．excited

9.

A．achievement

B．direction

C．connection

D．humor

10.

A．amusing

B．amazing

C．different

D．natural

11.

A．small

B．huge

C．difficult

D．broad

12.

A．developed

B．invented

C．held

D．found

13.

A．regained

B．realized

C．reflected

D．recognized

14.

A．long

B．lonely

C．early

D．last

15.

A．organize

B．maintain

C．spread

D．broadcast

16.

A．promises

B．prepares

C．seems

D．starts

17.

A．calculated

B．collected

C．discovered

D．described

18.

A．phrase

B．word

C．sentence

D．passage

19.

A．would

B．can

C．must

D．should

20.

A．better

B．happier

C．harder

D．easier

5 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What does the speaker’s mother want her to be?

A．A confident person.

B．A warm-hearted person.

C．A humorous person.

2. Why did the speaker feel lonely in her childhood?

A．She often traveled by herself.

B．Her family moved frequently.

C．Her mother was busy working.

3. What does the speaker mainly talk about?

A．Importance of home schooling.

B．Mother-daughter relationship.

C．A role model in her family.

6 . How adversity(逆境) makes you stronger

When faced with a crisis, we find it difficult to imagine the experience will eventually lead to some type of growth.     1     Research shows that past adversities can help you become more powerful in three ways.

    2     Post-unpleasant growth is the experience of positive change after going through a significantly stressful event. Researchers have discovered two common themes that people tend to report after experiencing a stressful event: spiritual growth and enhanced personal strength.

They build self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is the confidence in your ability to overcome challenges and succeed. I once took part in a program with soldiers, where I should dance in front of hundreds of audience. When I danced, I had a panic attack and had to hang onto my colleague’s arm to make it through. What was odd was my brain’s reaction to the exercise. While it was a truly unpleasant experience, I survived.     3    

They help you treat stress as a challenge.     4     Some people view stress as a threat, while others are able to view it as a challenge. With a challenge response? you get additional energy and feel focused instead of being fearful.

    5     Your past struggles, even small ones during an adversity can help you step out of the trouble you’re faced with.

A．They help you find the good.

B．They can bring growth after sufferings.

C．People have a healthier physical response to stress.

D．If your world feels out of control right now, just stay relaxed.

E．The fact is that we can become stronger after a difficult situation.

F．How you think about stress matters extremely in terms of how you process it.

G．That made my brain think about what other tough challenges I could conquer.

7 . Anger is the most destructive emotion. When you are angry, you make ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret.     1     How to stop being angry? Here are ways that you can reduce the causes of anger.

You need to change your attitude to the way the world works. You have to accept that sometimes things go wrong and that people are not always lovely and perfect.     2     So realizing others may behave in an unproper way will help you prevent your annoyance.

    3     There are occasions when anger can be directed in such a way as to achieve great things. Martin Luther King was angry about the lack of civil rights and Gandhi was angry about British domination. They both used that anger to motivate themselves to fight against injustice.

It is beneficial to stop trying to manage your anger. Anger management used to be promoted as a way of dealing with anger.     4     A better way of facing anger is to identify the root cause. Once you know why you get mad, it is possible to deal with the cause.

Don’t take the easy way when you get angry. We would like to throw something, hit something, or scream when we are angry. A reaction like that is the easy way. It is much harder to stay calm, walk away and act normally. That, however, is what you must do if you are to stop anger from becoming your master. By learning control, you can become a much calmer and less violent person.     5    

A．Don’t regard anger as a bad emotion.

B．The trick is to manage your anger well.

C．Recognize that anger is something you can control.

D．However, all that happens is that anger is overcontroled.

E．You will also regret the language spoken without thought.

F．You will be better liked and better placed to influence others.

G．The actions of other people can be a significant cause of anger.

8 . Have you ever had a stressful day? And on these high-pressure days, many people might find themselves reaching for a sugary snack. Perhaps this is part of their daily routine. Or perhaps on this particular day, heir self-control is a bit low and they want to take a sugar hit.

Stress is natural. That feeling of pressure is a biological response, and under the right circumstances can be a great source of motivation. However, too much stress, has been linked to sleep disruption, heart-attack, ulcer or depression, among other things. But why should stress make a person comfort eat?

When we become stressed, our bodies enter “fight or flight” mode. Because our body believes it’s under attack, it releases glucose (葡萄糖) into the blood to provide energy for muscles. However, if we don’t use that energy, our body then releases insulin (胰岛素) to make the blood sugar levels drop. This drop causes a hunger response: you want to eat. And what you particularly want is sugary food, which rapidly refills the energy you have lost. If this happens repeatedly, over a long enough period, these high-calorie foods can lead to obesity.

So what can we do to fight the stress? Dr Michael Mosley recommends exercise, gardening, mindfulness or other activities you enjoy. But his strongest recommendation is trying to get a goodnight’s sleep. So, try sleeping to decrease stress.

1. What can we know about stress from the passage?

A．It is always negative.	B．It can make people angry.
C．It is a natural response.	D．It can make people sleep.

2. Why do we want to eat sugary food in particular when stressed?

A．Our self-control is too low to refuse sugary food.

B．Sugary food rapidly refills the energy we have lost.

C．Insulin in our body makes the blood sugar levels rise.

D．Sugary food releases insulin to provide energy for muscles.

3. How can we best fight stress according to Dr. Michael Mosley?

A．By getting a good night’s sleep.	B．By taking up gardening.
C．By eating much sugary foods.	D．By doing something your enjoy.

4. What is the best title for the passage?

A．What causes stress?	B．How to reduce stress?
C．When to take sugary snacks?	D．Why stress makes you fat?

9 . If you’ve ever felt a rush of intense emotion, then you’ve probably also experienced the crash that comes when those emotions gradually become less strong. Although we usually think of exhaustion (精疲力竭) in physical terms, it can also be mental. One of the contributors to mental exhaustion is high-intensity emotions. Too many of these high-intensity emotions, whether they are positive or negative, can lead to burnout.

Psychologists divide emotions into two dimensions, which includes high and low intensity, as well as positive and negative. High-intensity positive emotions include excitement or elation, while low-intensity positive emotions include calmness, or contentment. When it comes to negative emotions, high-intensity emotions include anger, anxiety, and fear, while low-intensity emotions include sadness, boredom, and tiredness.

It’s easy to see how high-intensity negative emotions like anger can be exhausting. What we don’t think about as much is the fact that high intensity positive emotions are also exhausting, although in a way that feels very different.

Excitement, even when it is fun, involves what psychologists call “physiological arousal”-- activation of our sympathetic system. High-intensity positive emotions involve the same physiological arousal as high-intensity negative emotions. Our heart rate increases, and our sweat glands (腺) activate. Because it activates the body’s stress response, excitement can deplete our system when sustained over longer periods. In other words, high intensity -- whether it’s from negative states or positive states- exhausts the body.

About 15-20% of people are thought to be highly sensitive. As they cycle through the highs and lows of life, the increased amount of intensity leaves them more exhausted than others.

This isn’t to say that we should never feel intense emotions. Emotional variety is an essential aspect of life, one that adds a depth and richness that we need. However, what we need to be mindful of is balance. There will be the exciting days, as well as the days when stress and anxiety are what push you through the tough times, but there are other, lower-intensity emotions that will serve us well in many other situations.

1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?

A．The functions of emotions.

B．The definition of emotions.

C．The categories of emotions.

D．The expression of emotions.

2. What does the underlined word “deplete” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Set off.

B．Build up.

C．Stand for.

D．Burn out.

3. How can we manage the stress of high-intensity emotions?

A．Enrich our daily lives.

B．Avoid intense emotions.

C．Create emotional balance.

D．Detect the cause of anxiety.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Why psychologists are more exhausted

B．How high-intensity emotions wear us out

C．Why high-intensity negative emotions are tiring

D．How psychologists explain the effects of emotions

10 . In 1998, I found myself in need of a lock to use on an exercise room locker where I work. My oldest daughter had one that she had been using for her middle school locker.     1     It was just an ordinary lock. It is always tied to a loop (环) on my workout bag and gets moved to a locker each day, then moved back when I leave the exercise room after a run outside or exercise inside. Since 1998, the lock has seen three different locker rooms. I guess I have locked and opened it 10,000 times.     2    

On a few occasions I left it unlocked on a locker but it was always there when I returned the next day. Generally, people around here are very honest.     3    

The lock is a small thing, not worth much in monetary terms.     4     Funny how you can get attached to something that becomes part of your life without your even realizing it. When I die, I will give it back to the daughter who never asked for the lock back.     5    

A．It is still in good working order.

B．My daughter lost her lock somewhere.

C．Many people ask me where I get my lock.

D．I hope she will keep it to remember me by.

E．Some people don’t even lock their lockers.

F．But it has come to be one of my most prized belongings.

G．But since it was summer time she didn’t need it and gave it to me.