| A．Have dinner. | B．Do her homework. | C．Write a thank-you note. |
2 . People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in telling different facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than looking at the whole face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes only.
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, while Easterners prefer the eyes and ignore the mouth.”
According to Jack and her workmates, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more confusing than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably express emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and sort them into different groups: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, or angry. They compared how correctly people read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement plans.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more mistakes than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our study suggests that Westerners use the whole face to express emotion while Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”
In short, facial expressions are not universal to show human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have made a difference to these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. When it comes to talking about emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in communication.
1. The discovery shows that Westerners ________.| A．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth |
| B．consider facial expressions universally reliable |
| C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways |
| D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions |
| A．To make a face at each other. | B．To get their faces impressive. |
| C．To put some face pictures into groups. | D．To observe the researchers’ faces. |
| A．understand the emotion more successfully | B．study the mouth more frequently |
| C．focus on the eyes more attentively | D．read facial expressions more correctly |
| A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul |
| B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions |
| C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills |
| D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding |
3 . Life can be busy or stressful at times. Usually, we forget how important it is to listen ourselves.
Sparing room for good things in your life
Life gets much simpler and more enjoyable when you clear your physical and emotional bad things. And there’s so much you can let go of in life without losing a thing. It’s called growth.
Putting your purpose and passion (热情) into the things you do
All the small things make a big difference. Every step is important. Life isn’t about a single moment of great success. It’s about the trials and errors (试错) that slowly get you there—the sweat, tears, and all the small things you do on a day-to-day basis. They all matter in the end—every step, every regret and every decision.
| A．Choosing to start today |
| B．Not into tomorrow’s chances |
| C．Remembering that every step matters |
| D．Letting go of the old makes way for the new |
| E．So what you need to remember most right now is to share |
| F．Purpose is the reason you journey and passion is the fire that lights your way |
| G．Here below are some things in life that you have to keep on doing to change that |
4 . It makes the world go round. It teaches lessons, makes people feel warm, and sometimes causes pain.
There are many types of love. Most people feel love for members of their family—this long-term connection is often called attachment. They may feel this same emotion toward friends or even pets.
Why do people feel love? Many experts believe it’s rooted in survival. After all, most people first feel love for family members or caretakers.
With all this talk about love, maybe someone, you care about is on your mind. How can you show someone you love them? There are plenty of ways! You can convey love by showing appreciation, giving praises, and being a good listener. Sharing, doing small favors, or giving a hug can also show a person you care.
| A．Of course, words work just fine, too! |
| B．Many people say it’s all they need in life. |
| C．Seeing someone you love can cause increased heart rate. |
| D．Families and close friends take care of and protect each other. |
| E．Scientists have found that love may also have several health benefits. |
| F．A different type of love exists between romantic couples and life partners. |
| G．That may explain why people in love sometimes describe less desire to eat or sleep! |
1. 回忆同学们为你做的事；
2. 表达你的感谢之情。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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“Daddy, I have something to tell you. I wanted to ask your permission to go to America.” I didn’t finish my speech as he shouted, “No!” “But why? What…”, I replied. “If this all is about money, then you may not worry, I got a scholarship …”
I didn’t know what to do. I felt a warm tear running down my cheek. I thought there would be no problem because he always knew how much I dreamt about studying abroad. I was so angry and said: “But why do I have to ask your permission? I am already 18 and I’m not a kid anymore. You can’t tell me what is right and what is wrong.”
I shut the door so hard that it staggered. I was so disappointed that all these years he couldn’t see what I was doing. The tears were flowing on their own. I realized how much my love for dad was, however, I just could not stay at my hometown anymore.
I left home and my eyes were full of anger and tears. I didn’t know what to do and what to expect, but I decided to go far away from home and start creating my dream life. I took a bus and went to the airport.
I closed my eyes and felt that something was wrong. Everything was so silent when suddenly I heard my phone ringing. It was a nurse from the local hospital:
“Hello! Are you the daughter of Kuat?”, she asked. “Your dad has had a heart attack and he’s in a coma now. The situation’s serious. We want you …”
I wasn’t listening to her anymore. Tears were flowing and I started to choke when all of a sudden I heard a man’s voice and opened my eyes. I realized that it was a nightmare.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I started searching for my phone and wanted to hear my dad’s voice.
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“Here you are, my sweetie. I’m not letting you leave because I don’t want you to forget me.
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7 . Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress related disorders.
Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same“fight or flight”reaction to stress. However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight or flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and be friend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”).
Scientists have long known that in the fight to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones (激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend or be friend response is also based on a hormone, whose name is oxytocin (催产素). But now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. According to the principal investigator, Dr. Shelley Taylor, “Animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious. While men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.”
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend and befriend regulatory (调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
1. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to .| A．solve a conflict calmly | B．seek comfort from children |
| C．turn to friends for some help | D．find an escape from the reality |
| A．Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do. |
| B．Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. |
| C．Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men. |
| D．Both animals and people have the high levels of oxytocin. |
| A．Male hormones help build up the body’s resistance to stress. |
| B．Biological differences lead to different behavioral reacts to stress. |
| C．In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. |
| D．UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings. |
| A．How men and women manage to get over stress |
| B．How men and women suffer from different stress |
| C．How researchers overcome major stress problems |
| D．How researchers deal with stress related disorders |
8 . Think about the last time you felt a negative emotion — like stress, anger, or frustration.
The next time you find yourself in the middle of a very stressful time, or you feel angry or frustrated, stop. Whatever you’re doing, stop and sit for one minute.
If you feel you need to hold on to the emotion for a little longer, that is OK.
This exercise seems simple — almost too simple.
Remember to take the time you need to really immerse yourself in the emotion. Then, when you feel you’ve felt it enough, release it — really let go of it. You will be surprised at how quickly you can move on from a negative situation and get to what you really want to do!
| A．Yet it is very effective. |
| B．This will remind you of the steps to the process. |
| C．Allow yourself another minute to feel the emotion. |
| D．What was going through your mind as you were undergoing that negativity? |
| E．While you’re sitting there, completely immerse yourself in the negative emotion. |
| F．Are you willing to keep holding on to this negative emotion as you go through the rest of the day? |
| G．You are actually taking away the power of the emotion by giving it the space and attention it needs. |
1.表达感谢;
2.描述至少两个帮助的细节;
3.请 Jones看电影作为答谢。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jones,
How is everything going?
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Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
10 . You’ve just received your final grades and they’re not exactly what you were hoping for. To make matters worse, your BFF’s grades have got you green with envy. Try not to panic. We’ve put together some tips to help you manage.
Be happy for them
First things first, make sure you start things off right by congratulating them for doing well this semester (学期). We’re not going to lie. This can be hard when you’re overwhelmed with jealousy (忌妒), but your BFF has worked for it and they deserve to be celebrated. Don’t hate them for their achievements.
Confront (正视) your feelings
In saying that, being happy for your BFF doesn’t mean you should repress your feelings. Jealousy is natural. Jealousy can quickly become a problem for both your friendship and your mental health when it’s repressed. So,
Use it as motivation
Feeling jealous doesn’t have to be a bad thing. The fact that you’re envious of your friend’s grades means that you care about your studies. One of the best things to do in this situation is to use your jealousy as motivation to do better. Figure out where you went wrong and learn from your mistakes. Don’t focus all your energy on feeling upset.
Focus on what you learned, not the grades you received
The fact that your BFF received a higher grade than you doesn’t mean you’re a failure. We need to stop using other people’s successes as a benchmark for our own self-worth. Life isn’t a competition. Focus on your own strengths, appreciate yourself more, and soon enough your jealousy will just melt away.
| A．Try not to compare yourself to others |
| B．Attempt to be honest with how you’re feeling |
| C．While grades are important, they aren’t everything |
| D．Focus on them, and soon your jealousy will melt away |
| E．Allow yourself to feel genuinely (真诚地) happy for your friend |
| F．Instead, try to setting new goals and creating better study habits |
| G．However, envy can quickly become a problem for your friendship |
