1 . In 1980, Foley was a new nurse, working the night shift in a maternity ward (产房). One night, a baby girl was born with a _________ congenital (天生的) disorder that affected her brain. She was _________ to die soon.

As Foley had seen in similar cases, babies in this _________ were often placed in a bassinet (摇篮) and received little _________ until they died. But Foley said Nancy Allspach, a colleague of hers, had a _________ approach.

“She went into the nursery multiple times through the shift and _________ that baby,” Foley recalled. “She put her _________ right down next to the baby, and she talked to the baby. And she even _________ the baby a bottle and rocked her in the big rocking chair. And she _________ the baby as though she were her own.”

Foley __________ remembers how the baby was treated, and how the mother was treated, too. Over her nearly 50-year __________ as a registered nurse, Foley has __________ many babies and children who died later. And looking back, she said she always tried to treat both the children and their parents with compassion (同情)—the way she __________ from Nancy Allspach.

“I never forgot the importance of touching and being __________ to the baby or the child, and also the parents,” she said. “Because, at that moment, what they need is __________. And Nancy taught me that.”

1.

A．fancy

B．severe

C．mild

D．joyful

2.

A．encouraged

B．forced

C．considered

D．managed

3.

A．atmosphere

B．point

C．concept

D．condition

4.

A．attention

B．commitment

C．contribution

D．improvement

5.

A．passive

B．different

C．fatal

D．broad

6.

A．spoiled

B．ranked

C．held

D．put

7.

A．face

B．foot

C．ear

D．back

8.

A．showed

B．bought

C．drank

D．fed

9.

A．noticed

B．treated

C．defeated

D．kept

10.

A．clearly

B．hardly

C．normally

D．carefully

11.

A．request

B．ambition

C．plan

D．career

12.

A．met with

B．looked at

C．cared for

D．picked up

13.

A．heard

B．learned

C．received

D．borrowed

14.

A．polite

B．familiar

C．similar

D．close

15.

A．compassion

B．destination

C．example

D．competition

2 . If you were to lift up the keys of your keyboard, and take a look below, you’d probably be met with a terrible scene. “We clean our homes but most of us never think to clean our keyboards,” Rebecca Park, an advanced practice nurse, says.

“Our keyboards can actually hold high levels of bacteria (细菌),” Park says. “The most common bacteria that are found on our keyboards tend to live on our skin, mouth, and nose. These are then carried to our keyboards, usually by our hands.”

And according to one study, this is more likely when many people use the same keyboard, and each brings their own bacteria to the table. That said, touching bacteria-covered surfaces all day long, and then touching your face, can impact your skin. “Dirty electronic devices are a common cause of more acne (粉刺) breakouts,” Dr Yoram Harth explains.

In another study, researchers collected samples (样本) from 300 keyboards and found that all of them had bacteria. “The authors concluded that the presence of infective (感染性的) bacteria on these objects indicates that they might be a cause for the spread of skin infections,” Harth says. “Similar overloads of bacteria were also found on smartphone touch screens and computer mice and headphones.”

It’s not something you necessarily have to think too much about, but it never hurts to be aware of surfaces with bacteria, and take a few extra prevention steps. “A good way to prevent the spread of infection from your keyboards is to wash your hands before and after using the computer,” Park says. “Soapy water is effective enough to kill most bacteria.”

Do this, and you won’t carry as much bacteria to your keyboard, and then back to your face, and so is the opposite. It can also ensure you won’t be clogging your keys with bits from food, especially if you get right back to typing after eating lunch.

1. What do the two studies find?

A．Most people never clean their keyboards.

B．Most of the bacteria on the keyboards are harmless.

C．Most acne breakouts are related to the keyboard use.

D．Most electronic devices have bacteria on their surfaces.

2. Which way is suggested in the text to avoid the spread of bacteria?

A．Clean the keyboard with soapy water.

B．Wash hands after using the computer.

C．Wear gloves when using the computer.

D．Avoid eating before using the computer.

3. What does the underlined word “clogging” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．Blocking.

B．Improving.

C．Destroying.

D．Replacing.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Useful Tips on Choosing a Proper Keyboard

B．Practical Ways to Protect Yourself from Bacteria

C．What You Should Keep in Mind About Infection

D．What Happens When You Don’t Clean Your Keyboard

3 . The Ebola virus is an infectious disease that for years had almost no treatments, and it kill s about half the people it infects. Now a new study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases shows that a promising vaccine (疫苗), named rVSV△G-ZEBOV-GP, doesn’t just help to reduce infections, it also can cut those death numbers in half.

The vaccine is a single-dose (单剂) muscular one that causes cells to produce one of the virus’s proteins. “Later, if the person is exposed to Ebola,”explains Rebecca Coulborn, a scientist with Epicentre, the medical research arm of Doctors Without Borders, “their immune system will recognize the viral protein. This recognition allows the immune system to be prepared to attack the virus and protect the person from Ebola virus disease.”

Researchers showed rVSV△G-ZEBOV-GP was effective at reducing the risk of infection, but no one knew how capable it was of preventing death in someone who was vaccinated after becoming infected during an epidemic (流行病). To figure it out, Coulborn and her colleagues focused their efforts on the second-largest Ebola outbreak ever recorded, which occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo between 2018 and 2020.

“Every single Ebola health facility across the entire Ebola epidemic had a standardized list of all admissions,” says Coulborn. This list included 2,279 confirmed Ebola patients, and it recorded whether or not each person had been vaccinated before they got sick—and if so, when they’d received the vaccine.

Coulborn found the death rate was 56% among the unvaccinated. But for those who’d received the vaccine, that rate was cut in half. This was true no matter when someone got vaccinated before the appearance of symptoms. Additionally, those who’d been vaccinated had less virus circulating in their bodies than those who hadn’t. So the vaccine played an important role.

Rebecca Coulborn says she feels buoyed by the results—since they offer clear evidence that people who’re at risk of contracting Ebola should be vaccinated early. It’s an opportunity to cut chains of transmission (传播) and prevent an outbreak before it gains speed.

1. What is Coulborn trying to talk about concerning the vaccine in paragraph 2?

A．Who it attacks.

B．Why it is developed.

C．How it works.

D．Where it comes from.

2. Coulborn’s team chose the second largest Ebola outbreak in Congo because ______.

A．it listed health facilities	B．it was easy to analyze
C．it caused the fewest deaths	D．it had a detailed record

3. What did Coulborn probably suggest people infected do?

A．Avoid connecting with each other.	B．Get vaccinated as early as possible.
C．Stay at home to reduce the spread.	D．Learn to recognize the symptoms.

4. What does the underlined word “buoyed” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．Encouraged.

B．Relaxed.

C．Astonished.

D．Honored.

4 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is the man going to do?

A．Hold a party.

B．Watch a basketball game.

C．Organize a basketball team.

2. How many years hasn’t the man played basketball?

A．25 years.

B．20 years.

C．More than 5 years.

3. What does the woman think of the man’s idea?

A．It’s funny.

B．It will be harmful to his health.

C．It needs to be considered seriously.

4. What advice does the woman give to the man?

A．Going to bed earlier.

B．Eating more fatty food.

C．Choosing a personal fitness instructor.

5 . During space missions, astronauts can experience a loss of some of the inner structural support in their bones. For trips in space lasting at least six months, that loss is equal to about 20 years of aging. Luckily, a new study finds a year back on Earth rebuilds half of the strength lost in the affected bone.

Exercise scientist Leigh Gabel was part of a team that tracked 17 astronauts, each of whom had spent four to seven months in space. The team measured the 3-D structure of bone. They focused on the structure of the tibia (胫骨) and the lower-arm bone. The researchers took images of the bones 3 times—before spaceflight and again six months and one year later when the astronaut s returned home from space. From these pictures, Gabel’s team calculated an astronaut’s bone strength and density (密度) at each of those times.

What did they find through comparison of the pictures? Astronauts in space for less than six months regained their preflight bone strength after a year back on Earth. But those who stayed in space longer suffered permanent hone loss in their tibias. That loss was equal to a decade of aging. The lower-arm bones showed almost no loss. That was likely because these aren’t weight-bearing hones on Earth, Gabel explains. In fact, those arms can get a bigger workout in space than on Earth as astronauts use them to move around their craft by pushing off handles and doors.

“Inereasing weight-lifting exercises in space could help alleviate (缓解) bone loss in the legs,” says Steven Boyd, also in exercise scientist.

“With longer spaceflight, we can expect bigger bone loss—and probably a bigger problem with recovery,” says physiologist Laurence Vico. “Space agencies should also consider other bone health measures, such as nutrition, to reduce bone loss and increase bone formation.”

1. Why did Gabel’s team take pictures at different times?

A．To offer evidence for their predictions.

B．To show their respect for the astronauts.

C．To compare the changes in the astronauts’ bones.

D．To find out the proper length of staying in space for astronauts.

2. Which of the following may Gabel agree with?

A．A spaceflight in less than half a year does no harm to astronauts.

B．Astronauts coming back from a spaceflight look much older.

C．Astronauts can avoid bone loss through doing enough exercise.

D．There is almost no difference in the astronauts’ lower-arm bones.

3. What can we conclude from this text?

A．People on Earth never suffer bone loss.

B．The finding of the new study is good news for astronauts.

C．The 17 astronauts knew the bone loss before their spaceflights.

D．Astronauts can regain their bone strength as soon as they return to Earth.

4. What does the text mainly talk about?

A．How to prevent bone loss in space.

B．Problems faced by astronauts in space.

C．Astronauts’ suffering from bone loss in space.

D．Astronauts’ contributions to the development of science.

6 . Health is wealth.     1     Here are some ways to prevent diseases and take care of yourself so you can live your healthiest, best life.

    2    

A study published in 2019 concluded that consumption of more than 4 servings of extra-processed food was associated with a 62% increased danger for all-cause deaths. For each additional serving, all-cause deaths increased to 18%. These foods can cause chronic inflammation (慢性炎症), a normal bodily process that can contribute to heart disease, diabetes and even cancer.

Get your cholesterol (胆固醇) checked.

When checking your cholesterol, your test results will show your cholesterol levels in milligrams per decilitre. It’s crucial to get your cholesterol checked because your doctor will be able to advise you on how to maintain healthy levels.     3    

Watch your blood pressure.

    4     Having high blood pressure puts you at risk for heart disease and stroke, which are leading causes of death in the United States. Even small weight loss can help manage or prevent high blood pressure in many overweight people.

Get up and get moving.

Throw away any common misconceptions about exercising like that it has to be in a gym or a structured environment.     5     Taking 10, 000 steps a day is a popular goal because research has shown that when combined with other healthy behaviors, it can lead to a decrease in chronic illness like diabetes, metabolic syndrome and heart disease. Exercise does not need to be done in consecutive (连续的) minutes. You can walk for 30 to 60 minutes once a day or you can do activities two to three times a day in 10 to 20 minute increments.

A．Watch your body mass.

B．Make healthy food choices.

C．Frequency, intensity and time are what matter most.

D．Sleep restores us and has a huge effect on how we feel.

E．In turn it lowers your chances of getting heart disease and stroke.

F．Normal blood pressure is defined as blood pressure <120/80 mmHg.

G．This common saying holds a lot of weight because it has truth behind it.

7 . How satisfied are you with your life? How good do you feel every day? Your answers to those two questions can show how happy you are.

It’s true that your happiness is partly affected by your genes.     1     According to experts, happiness is a choice. It’s something that you can develop with continuing practice. Following these tried-and-true tips can help you find happiness.

Be kind to yourself.

Don’t compare yourself to others. Everyone has different talents and abilities. It’s OK that you’re not like someone else. Comparison has been called “the thief of joy”. In addition, forgive yourself often.     2    .

Take breaks from social media.

    3     Yet much of what appears on social media is not real. Many people compare themselves with those images, resulting in feelings of discouragement.

    4    .

Spending time with people you love and that love you is necessary for building strong connections and developing a sense of belonging. By devoting time and attention to those who matter most to you, you can create lasting memories, deepen understanding, and strengthen bonds with each other happily.

Get outside for exercise.

Nature helps to reduce stress. Exercise and put your health in the first place.     5     Just going on a walk can make a difference.

Limit time you spend on news.

Stay aware of recent events. But don’t spend hours consuming news, which usually includes negative stories and events.

Since happiness is a choice, why not choose it? Life will look brighter filled with love and joy!

A．You are not perfect.

B．Invest in your relationships.

C．Determine happiness through actions.

D．You could perhaps lead a happier life and feel more satisfied.

E．But even if you’re not usually a happy person, you can change that.

F．People who get up and move are usually happier than those who don’t.

G．The Internet is full of people who look beautiful and seem to lead exciting lives.

8 . If you try to come back too soon after an injury, you run the great risk of re-injuring yourself—maybe even more seriously than before. If you come back to a sport after a long break, slowly increase your activity level by 10% each week until you reach your optimal fitness level. Don’t let anyone force you to play before you become well again. Your doctor or coach will give you specific advice on when to return to your sport.

Taking time to get well is very important if you’ve had a concussion (脑震荡). Lots of athletes try to come back too quickly after getting a concussion—because they can’t see an injury. They think they’re ready to play. But jumping back into the game too soon puts a player at greater risk for another concussion, and other even more dangerous brain injuries. It’s a rule in many states to get clearance from your doctor to play again if you’ve had a concussion. Your doctor will come up with a specific plan for you.

Many athletes use pain killers to avoid pain. If you feel a lasting pain, don’t use pain killers to ease it, though. Taking large numbers of pain killers—or, worse yet, taking pain killers over a long period of time in order to play—can be dangerous. Pain is the body’s way of showing that something is wrong. If you have pain, talk to your doctor.

The same advice goes for a cold—don’t play if you’re sick. You won’t be able to concentrate if your nose is running faster than you are, which will put you at risk of injury. You may spread the cold to the rest of your teammates. It’s better to wait until you feel better, so you can have a safe season.

1. Which is the closest in meaning to “optimal” in the first paragraph?

A．Extra.

B．Slow.

C．Best.

D．Latest.

2. Why is it bad to return to the game too soon after suffering a concussion?

A．It leaves most athletes stressed.	B．It is often required by the coach.
C．It will influence team members.	D．It might lead to further injuries.

3. How should you deal with a lasting pain according to the text?

A．Turn to doctors for help.	B．Rest for a long time.
C．Take some pain killers.	D．Exercise to avoid it.

4. From which is the text probably taken?

A．A history book.	B．A health magazine.
C．A research paper.	D．A news report.

9 . Cold and Flu Prevention Strategies

Colds and flu spread primarily via droplets released in the air when someone who is ill coughs, sneezes, or talks, and via surface contact(touching something a sick person has touched).     1     .

Cough and sneeze into your elbow. Instead of covering your cough with your hand, turn your head and cough into your elbow, which will requester a virus just as well. Your elbow, however, is far less likely than your hands to come in contact with people or surfaces.

Wash up often. The more frequently you wash your hands, the lower your risk of becoming sick. Remember: Colds and flu are caused by viruses not bacteria,     2    . Moreover, there’s mounting evidence that triclosan — the main active ingredient in many antibacterial soaps may facilitate the growth of resistant bacteria.

Avoid touching surfaces others touch.     3     . Block contact with faucets, door handles and other heavily trafficked surfaces in public restrooms by cloaking your grip in a paper towel.   

    4     . Copper and copper alloys (brass, bronze) have inherent antimicrobial properties that make them capable of reducing the spread of infection. Numerous follow-up studies of copper’s antiviral properties indicate copper surfaces could be an effective means of reducing the spread of colds and flu —and even superbug bacteria such as MRSA—if this prevention tactic were widely adopted. Check out copper products for your home or business.

Get regular exercise. While colder weather may trigger an urge to curl up in the sedentary comfort of a blanket, moving your body will actually boost its immune function. In a 2006 study, researchers at the University of Washington enrolled 115 women in either a weekly 45-minute stretching session or 45 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise five days a week. After 12 months, the exercisers had developed significantly fewer colds than the stretchers did. You needn’t necessarily carve out time for jogging or the like, either.     5    .

A．Consider copper surfaces.

B．Keep copper surfaces off.

C．so it is advised that we use antibacterial soap to keep them away.

D．The surest natural way to lessen your odds of falling ill is to tweak some of your habits.

E．so counting on antibacterial soap as a safeguard against colds and flu won’t be effective.

F．Everyday chores such as raking leaves or shoveling snow can count as moderate-intensity exercise.

G．Encourage your workplace to outfit bathroom doors with foot-operated openers that allow for a hands-free exit.

10 . College is a time of transition (过渡) for young adults. It may be the first time students have the freedom to determine how to spend their time, but this freedom comes with competing interests from learning, social events and even sleep.

A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the nightly sleeping time in the early term affects first-year college students’ end-of-term grade point average (GPA). The study evaluated more than 600 first-year students across five studies at three universities. The students wore wrist devices like smartwatch to monitor and record their sleep patterns. The researchers found that students in the study sleep on average 6.5 hours a night.

More surprisingly, the researchers found that students who receive less than 6 hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance. In addition, each hour of sleep lost corresponded to a 0.07 decrease in end-of-term GPA.

“Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,” said Creswell, the William S. Dietrich Ⅱ Professor in Psychology. “Here we show how this work translates to humans. The less nightly sleep a first-year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the term, some five to nine weeks later. Lack of sleep may be hurting students’ ability to learn in their college classrooms.”

“Once you start dipping below 6 hours, you are starting to accumulate (积累) massive sleep debt that can damage a student’s health and study habits, hurting the whole system,” said Creswell. “Most surprising to me was that no matter what we did to make the effect go away, it lasted.”

“A popular belief among college students is to value studying more or partying more over nightly sleep,” said Creswell. “Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs to reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college. There’s real value in planning for the importance of nightly sleep.”

1. How did the researchers get their data?

A．By doing various experiments.

B．By conducting a questionnaire survey.

C．By recording the subjects’ sleep.

D．By referring to a previous study.

2. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “dipping” in paragraph 5?

A．Rising.

B．Putting.

C．Adjusting.

D．Dropping.

3. What does Creswell expect students to do?

A．Schedule nightly sleep wisely.	B．Focus on learning and academy.
C．Pay off accumulated sleep debt.	D．Value studying more over partying.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Students are severely in need of sleep

B．Nightly sleep is key to students success

C．Lacking sleep can damage a student’s health

D．College students arrange time unreasonably