1 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

In the early 1800s, Stanislas Baudry built public baths in the center of a town in France. To encourage people to come, Baudry drove a large vehicle around to give people a ride to the baths. He called the vehicle an omnibus,     1     is a Latin word meaning “for everyone”. Then he     2     (notice) that many passengers would get off at stops during the journey to the baths. So Baudry shifted the focus of his omnibus service. He created a permanent route for passengers     3     (board) and get off. Eventually, the omnibus became known     4     (simple) as a bus.

2 . Is traffic a big problem where you live? Increased cycling may be the answer. Where are the best places to live and cycle? A new report lists the best bike-friendly cities around the world.

Top of the list is Amsterdam, the bike capital of the world. An incredible 40% of all traffic movements are by bicycle. There’s an extensive network of safe, fast and comfortable cycle routes. Copenhagen, the city of bikes, is a city where 32% of workers cycle to work because it’s fast and easy. Berlin is another European city that’s great for cycling. The city has about 80 kilometers of bike lanes, and 50 kilometers of pavement paths. Cycling accounts for 12% of total street traffic.

Barcelona has been praised for its cycle service “Bicing”. This was introduced in March 2007. It’s a bicycle service that allows users to take bicycles from any of the 100 stations spread around the city. Later, they can leave them at any other bike station inside the urban area of the city. The city has created a “green ring” that surrounds the city area of Barcelona with a bike path. There are 3,250 parking spaces for bikes at street level at present. Barcelona City is also building a new underground car park for bicycles.

The UK has its cycle-friendly cities too. Bristol is the birthplace of “Sustrans” —the cycle-route charity which was formed 30 years ago. One of their projects was turning an old rail line between Bristol and Bath into a bike route. Other bike-friendly cities in the UK include Cambridge and York Cambridge is an old city but has still managed to build good cycle infrastructure (基础设施), and cyclists are considered at every stage of any new developments.

Bicycle is a most popular means of transportation in China. Nowadays, riding a bicycle is also a good way to support low-carbon living. Beijing can be one of the best bike-friendly cities in China. There are many riding routes in Beijing for outdoor-lovers to explore. Cyclists can get close enough to experience the history and culture of Beijing, including the Forbidden City, Drum Tower, the Water Cube, the Bird’s Nest, Hutong etc.

1. In Amsterdam, traffic movements by bicycle account for

A．80%	B．40%
C．32%	D．12%

2. What do we know about “Bicing” in Barcelona?

A．There are 100 bike stations spread around the city.

B．Cyclists can leave their bikes anywhere in the city.

C．There were 3,250 parking spaces for bikes in 2007.

D．Underground bike parking stations are everywhere.

3. A rail line was changed to a bike route in________.

A．Beijing	B．Cambridge
C．York	D．Bristol

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The history of cycling.	B．The best cities for cycling.
C．The development of cycling.	D．The rules for cycling.

3 . Surveillance (监视) is a fact of life. Your boss is monitoring your performance at work. Supermarkets are collecting data on your grocery shopping.     1    

In a few months, European Union law-makers are due to approve proposals that will make driver assistance systems mandatory (强制的) in cars within three years. All new models of car will come with black boxes (event data recorders), intelligent speed assistance, lane-keeping assistance and more besides.

A large number of technologies will soon be monitoring a driver’s every move. Are we prepared for devices that watch how we drive and try to help us do it better?

    2     In a report published in April 2018, it found that the suite of changes could save at least 7,300 lives by 2030, and reduce the number of serious injuries from car crashes by 38,900. “We can have the same kind of impact as when safety belts were first introduced,” says Oliver Carsten, who studies transport safety at the University of Leeds, UK.

    3     The black box is the most controversial (有争议的) tech because of fears that the tech encourages surveillance. It would be easy to worry about being watched in your car. But the EU rules say the system is only checked in the event of an accident to help with insurance claims and police investigation. The point is to provide for a fair allocation (分配) of responsibility when a crash occurs. Some people choose to have a black box because it can reduce their individual insurance premium (保险费).     4     What’s more, the data collected in human-driven cars will help train automated driving systems to the point that they could be ready for large-scale deployment in the future.

    5     Drivers should think of it as an extra layer of protection, rather than the vehicle trying to take over driving from you.

A．Now there is a new field: the automobile.

B．There is concern about these technologies, however.

C．The tech is reducing costs because it’s reducing the number of crashes.

D．Safety isn't much discussed, principally because cars are already very safe.

E．While the EU is taking the boldest steps, these technologies aren't far behind in other parts of the world.

F．As a result, what may at first glance seem like a surveillance technology is actually a benefit for society.

G．The European Commission says that introducing these advanced driver assistance systems will make driving safer.

4 . 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 交通出行；
2. 必备衣物。
注意：
1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

5 . Bicycles,     1     used to be a major means of transportation, are becoming popular again. New York City, together with London, Paris, Hangzhou and many other     2     (city) throughout the world, gets bike-sharing systems of their very own. More and more people are considering using bikes     3     a replacement for cars, and how to improve bike-friendly crossroads is also under discussion.

6 . If you’re a cycling lover, you will have to pay a lot of attention to your bicycle and maintain it well, for bicycle parts are exposed to wear and tear (磨损) over time and you have to examine the bicycle to see if there are any signs of wearing such as scratches, dents (凹陷) etc. Sometimes, a part may not work because it has exceeded its life expectancy. Sometimes, you will need to find replacement parts for it to keep up the performance of the bicycle.

Different parts of a bicycle will wear at different rates so it is very important that you have a basic understanding about the role played by each part. One of the most important parts of the bicycle is the frame. You will need to choose a frame that lasts for a very long time. Of course, you will see some paint scratches after some time. When you’re selecting a frame, you have to think about the material. Aluminium (铝) frames will not rust easily, but they have a higher chance to dent. Steel frames will be hard to dent, but you will need to make sure they get a good paint job so that they won’t rust.

Wheels also experience a lot of wear and tear and you should go for a professional seller when you want to buy wheels. There are different types of wheels that you can buy, like Zipp wheels that provide more aerodynamic efficiency (空气动力学效能). Investing in new tyres instead of going for used is a good idea because you will be able to get more use out of it. The same goes for chain as there’s a higher chance of a used chain breaking. You may also experience shifting problems. However, some parts of bicycles such as pedals can be used for a long time and you can find different styles.

Other parts that you can buy used are seats, handlebars and the stem. When you are buying handlebars, you have to see if there are any dents or if they have been bent out of shape. There shouldn’t be any cracks in the seat post or the handlebars. There are many shops where you can buy parts, so you will have to check the references to see how customers respond to them before you buy anything.

1. According to the passage, cycling lovers should ________.

A．buy a new bicycle to keep up the performance

B．replace the bicycle parts with signs of wearing

C．choose Aluminum frames rather than steel ones

D．learn how each part of the bicycle basically works

2. Which parts may be replaced by the used ones?

A．Wheels and chains.	B．Tyres and seats.
C．Handlebars and stems.	D．Frames and pedals.

3. The underlined word “references” in the last paragraph probably means “________”.

A．materials	B．prices
C．introductions	D．comments

4. This passage is most likely to be found in ________.

A．a research report	B．a popular magazine
C．a tourist guide book	D．a product advertisement

7 . Wilbur and Orille Wright are brothers famous for inventing the first aeroplane. Their interest in flight     1     (start) on the day when their father brought home a toy helicopter for them. It was made of paper and wood. The boys played with it until it broke, and then made their own     2     (replace) it. When they were older, they owned a bicycle shop where they started producing and selling their own bikes. This provided them with the money to pay for their experiments in flight. Eventually, they built their     3     (fly) machine.

8 . 阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。

Patrick and Rachel Hugens have biked around the world. The Hugenses, who live in Boise when not on their bikes, are 25 months into their latest round-the-world adventure, scheduled to end in March. They've visited 36 countries on this tour, touching Europe, Africa, Asia and South America. “Traveling by bike is the greatest freedom," Rachel said via email. “You can see people's daily lives and can communicate with them.”

Rachel warns, “Cycle touring can become addictive.” Bike tourism is on the rise in the United States and around the world, according to the Adventure Cycling Association. The U. S. Bicycle Route System has grown 66 percent in the past two years and now has a presence in 24 states, including Idaho, and the District of Columbia.

Dennis Swift，secretary of the Southwest Idaho Mountain Biking Association, rode across the U.S. last year- from Seattle to Salem, Mass. Six people started the tour and three finished, riding 52 out of 56 days. They averaged about 60 miles per riding day. Swift also rode through the Basque Country with a group of Boise cyclists last year. He's planning to participate in a Virginia bike tour this year. “When you get older, your health is most important,” he said. “My mom had Alzheimer's disease. They say what's good for health is good for the brain, so riding is one thing to be first in my life.”

This is the third time that the couple have quit their jobs to tour. Rachel is a nurse; Patrick is an architect. Both regained their former jobs when they returned home in 2000 and 2007. They're uncertain what will happen this time. They've given themselves a chance to save extra money by going to work by bike and avoiding some bills that are basic for most ( cell phones, cable TV).“Traveling changes your view of money and what it can do for you,” Rachel said. “We've met some cyclists traveling long term. They have many reasons to spend wisely.”

“The fellow cyclists we meet mostly come from Britain, Germany, Spain, Holland, Australia or New Zealand," Rachel said, “It is so nice to see that people all over the world are friendly and welcoming.”

1. How many countries have the Hugenses visited on their latest tour? (不多于2个单词)
___________________________________________________________________
2. Why does Dennis Swift ride bikes? (不多于2个单词)
___________________________________________________________________
3. How do the Hugenses save extra money for their bike tours? (不多于10个单词)
___________________________________________________________________
4. What is the passage mainly about? (不多于3个单词)
___________________________________________________________________

9 . Each year there is an increasing number of cars on roads and streets as millions of new cars and trucks are produced. One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of cars, driving trucks, building roads or filling cars and trucks with gas. Americans won’t live without cars!

Most Americans   would   find   it   hard   to   think   what   life   would   look   like   without   cars. However, some have realized the serious problems of the air pollution that is caused by the car.

The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to health.

One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute. That’s what several of the large car factories have been trying to do. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow.

Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else. Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that pleases man.

To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some changes in the way many of us live. Americans, for example, have to cut down on the number of their total cars. They are encouraged to travel and go to work by bicycle. Bicycling is thought to help keep the air clean.

But this change does not come easily. A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment.

Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.

1. How many ways to get rid of air pollution are suggested in this article by the writer?

A．Four.	B．Three.
C．Two.	D．One.

2. If the number of cars is cut down, the most serious problem to American workers is_______.

A．to have no work to do	B．to keep the air clean
C．to get a better life	D．to go to work by bike

3. What is the conclusion(结论) of the writer?

A．Bicycling is the only way out.

B．The number of cars must be cut down.

C．Cars bring us nothing but serious problems.

D．Cars bring us not only a better life but serious problems.

4. To reduce pollution, we’ll have to   make some   changes in the   way many of us live, EXCEPT that ______.

A．Americans have to cut down on the number of their total cars.

B．People are encouraged to travel and go to work by bicycle.

C．The number of cars on the roads should be limited every day.

D．People should build more roads and fill cars and trucks with gas.

10 . The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway may be the slowest train in the world. Every day the train     1     (climb) over 2250 meters. Although the entire trip is 80 kilometers, it takes up to ten hours. The railway     2     (build) in 1881 and has been carefully protected for its cultural importance. Today the train is attractive to the passengers who come from other places     3     (see) the railway and the surrounding mountains. They seem to get a lot of pleasure     4     its slow speed. For     5     (fan) of this train, being slow is actually a good thing. As these people say, “slow” has four letters, so has life; “speed” has five letters, so has death.