If you’ve recently taken a flight from a major UK airport, then you may have noticed that more people are protesting air travel expansion and encouraging people to fly less. This is part of a larger environmental movement sweeping across Europe. Known as Flygskam or “flight-shaming”, the movement is encouraging people to stop taking flights as a means of transport and use more environmentally friendly transportation where they can.
The aviation (航空) currently accounts for about 2% of global emissions (排放) and is one of the fastest-growing polluters. Even worse, unlike most other sources of pollution, air travel results in pollutants released high up in the atmosphere.
Earlier this year, the UK government promised to reduce the UK’s emissions to “net zero” by 2050. However, according to projections from some researchers, emissions from the aviation could more than double by then even if planes become substantially more fuel-efficient. So, it’s unclear whether flying will be included in the UK’s target.
It’s hard to say exactly how big the movement is becoming, but Flygskam has become popular in social media. The number of Swedes taking the train for domestic journeys has risen by 8% this year as plane journeys inside the country have fallen. Clearly, Flygskam is having a measurable impact on people’s transport choices. Some people, however, have been critical of the movement because they say that it places blame or feelings of embarrassment onto the passengers when it is really the airlines and industries associated with it who should feel guilty for the impact that they are having on the planet.
1. What is Flygskam?2. How does flying influence the environment?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Flygskam has attracted social attention and some people have already participated in this campaign, so it is widely accepted.
4. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what do you think of the movement of Flygskam? (In about 40 words)
Tour Schedule at Red Oak Mountain Ranch (牧场) | ||
| Activities | Things to Note | |
| Friday | ● A “welcome dinner” at 6:00 p.m. in the Lone Star restaurant. ● | ● Wear ● Feel free to bring a camera during the three days. |
| Saturday | ● Horseback riding from ● A country music concert at night. | |
| Sunday | An | |
3 . The Longji Rice Terraces Day Tour
Overview
Price: U. S. $ 128 Per Person
Time: Every Day at 8:00 am
Duration: 9 hours
Highlights
—Private Guided Tour for photography lovers
—Explore the extremely attractive rice terraces
—Experience the unique customs and lifestyle of local Zhuang village
Description
The Longji Rice Terraces are the most amazing terraces in China. With a history of around 700 years, the Longji Rice Terraces show both the great wisdom and physical efforts of the Zhuang people.
Itinerary
At 8:00 am, your tour guide and driver will pick you up from your hotel in Guilin and transport you to the amazing Longji Terraces. (* Tourists staying outside of the city center need to pay an extra fee.)
After a two-hour drive, you will reach the entrance to the Longji Terraces, where you will take an eco-sightseeing bus to Ping’an Village. Then the tour guide will show you around the village. Lunch is on your own. Your expert guide can give you some advice on the food choices in the village.
After a short lunch break, walk for 20 minutes to No. 2 Viewing Platform, a perfect place for a wonderful view of the terraces beneath. You will have enough time to take pictures and enjoy the fresh air.
Other services
◇ Hotel pick-up and drop-off
◇ Private English-speaking guide
◇ Private driver & air-conditioned vehicle
◇ Entrance fees to tourist sites
1. The tour is suitable for people who like ______.
| A．local food | B．studying history |
| C．taking photos | D．city adventures |
| A．The tour lasts 2 hours. | B．Lunch is included in the price. |
| C．Transport to rice terraces is free. | D．No. 2 Viewing Platform is a must-go. |
| A．give advice on hiking | B．promote a package tour |
| C．introduce a tourist attraction | D．provide geographic information |
Amsterdam has become very popular with cyclists because of the convenience for bicycles. In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with an idea
Some bullet trains don’t run on tracks at all. They fly over them. They
Once a small county in mountains and little-known to the rest of China, Chongli in Hebei Province, where most of the snow sports
A warning system to prevent drivers from falling asleep was introduced at the 2020 China International Fair for Trade in Services,
Recently, police in Mumbai have come up with a new system to punish those who cannot wait at traffic lights
注意：1.文章的开头已经给出。
2.提示词: 报废车abandoned vehicles
 对校车的信任度 |  对校车的担心 |
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10 . Traffic Management
Traffic lights are key tools for regulating traffic now.They are not, however, perfect.Drivers exchange the traffic jams that would happen at unmanaged crossings for a pattern of stop-go movement that can still be annoying, and which burns more fuel than a smooth passage would.
Creating such a smooth passage means adjusting a vehicle's speed so that it always arrives at the lights when they are green.That is theoretically possible, but practically hard.Roadside signs wired to traffic lights can help get the message across a couple hundred metres from a crossing, but such signs are expensive, and are not widespread.Margaret Martonosi and Emmanouil Koukoumidis at Princeton University, and Li-Shiuan Peh at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, however, have an idea that could make the process cheaper and more effective.Instead of a hardwired network of signs, they propose to use mobile-phone applications.The driver must load the team's software, named SignalGuru, into his phone and then put it on a special thing attached to the inside of his car's windscreen, with the camera lens （镜头） pointing forward.SignalGuru is designed to detect traffic lights and track their status as red, yellow or green.It broadcasts this information to other phones in the area that are fitted with the same software, and — if there are enough of them, the phones thus each know the status of most of the lights around town.Using this information, SignalGuru is able to calculate the traffic-light schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.
Tests in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where five drivers were asked to follow the same route for three hours, and in Singapore, where eight drivers were asked to follow one of two routes for 30 minutes, revealed that SignalGuru was capable of predicting traffic-light activity with an accuracy of 98.2% and 96.3% respectively, in the two cities.This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge the lights shifted, roughly half-way through the test, from their unbusy schedule to their afternoon-traffic schedule, while in Singapore lights are adaptive, using detectors fixed under the road to determine how much traffic is present and thus when a signal should change.In neither case was SignalGuru fooled.
Fuel consumption fell, too —by about 20%.SignalGuru thus reduces both annoyance and fuel use, and makes going back and forth to work a slightly less horrible experience.
1. Roadside signs wired to traffic lights are not the best way to create a smooth passage because____________.| A．they are too costly and not widely used |
| B．they are expensive and easily break |
| C．they are complex and confusing to drivers |
| D．they are theoretically possible but practically useless |
| A．a camera | B．a computer |
| C．a mobile phone | D．a GPS system in one's car |
| A．help drivers avoid traffic accidents | B．allow drivers to adjust their speed |
| C．change the traffic lights in advance | D．send information to all cell phones |
| A．proved to be unreliable | B．operated at a high speed |
| C．understood drivers' schedules | D．functioned rather stably |
