1 . When we think of bicycles, we think of fun and the outdoors. Bicycles give riders the freedom to explore and enjoy the environment and its surroundings.     1    

Most people know that this form of entertainment is ecologically friendly.     2     If you are riding a bike, you are helping to reduce air and noise pollution.

In cities across the world, bikes are becoming more and more popular.     3     People ride bicycles to avoid traffic jams on their way to work, school, or shopping. For many people around the world, access to markets and schools would not be accessible without a bike.

    4     Some cities, such as Paris and Barcelona, have not only built bicycle lanes but also have introduced a system of renting bikes. You can rent, or use a bicycle in one area of the city and drop it off in another area of the city. Paris now has thousands of bikes for public use, with bicycle stations located throughout the city.

Some South American cities, such as Bogota in Colombia, have a weekly car-free day.     5     On these days, the traffic-related air pollution from old buses and trucks is greatly reduced.

It seems that the bike is a force for good, providing solutions for cleaner cities without leaving a serious ecological footprint.

A．They are a healthy, cheap activity and good exercise.

B．In fact, they are becoming more than just a fun pastime.

C．People rent bicycles to go to and from work in some cities.

D．It is cheap and convenient to travel around the world on bicycles.

E．Regular use of a bicycle has very low impact on the environment.

F．Cities are taking this enthusiasm and demand for bicycles seriously.

G．More than 2 million people bicycle, skate, or jog along the closed roads.

2 . A new study has found that ride-sharing services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation. Ride-sharing trips also draw passengers away from more environment friendly methods of travel, like public transportation, walking or biking, the study found.

Several studies in recent years have suggested that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft can worsen traffic problems in cities. The new study represents an attempt to center on how ride-sharing services affect pollution. Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing trips now "result in a 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they replace." The study notes that the same passengers could have chosen to travel by bus, train, bike or on foot.

One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-sharing vehicles are often driven with no passengers in the car. This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests or on the way to pick up passengers. This situation, known as "deadheading", takes up about 42 percent of all ride-sharing driving activity, the study found. The researchers said that deadheading results in about 50 percent more carbon dioxide than one person driving in a private vehicle. Both Uber and Lyft have said in the past that most studies on the subject overstate (夸大)the effects of their services on pollution. Uber told Reuters news agency in a statement it had no comment on the latest report and that the study made misleading claims about ride-sharing. Meanwhile, the company said it would work directly with cities to address climate changes, promoting sharing trips and other means of transportation.

1. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．Ride-sharing becomes a new trend that can’t be avoided.

B．Ride-sharing industry is met with criticism.

C．Ride-sharing services increase pollution.

D．Ride-sharing services need improvement.

2. The term “deadheading” in the passage refers to ________.

A．a driving process where the driver is not carrying passengers

B．a potential risk that the driver may lose control of the vehicle

C．a period of driving hours when vehicles produce more carbon dioxide

D．a situation in which a driver has too many passengers to pick up

3. From the study of ride-sharing services, we can infer that ________.

A．Ride-sharing attracts exactly the same number of people as traditional means of transport

B．the study was conducted to prove the influence of ride-sharing services on modern cities

C．ride-sharing service is not an environmentally friendly way to travel

D．the new report has forced Uber to make big changes to achieve its goal

3 . A roadside system that detects if a mobile phone is in use in a passing vehicle is being tested in the UK first. Despite being unable to tell whether the driver is using the phone, it is hoped that it will act as a warning to people who make calls behind the wheel. The technology picks up the phone signal in the vehicle and activates a roadside warning sign of a mobile phone with a red line through it.

The system cannot tell the difference between a driver and a passenger on a bus, but to some degree it can warn drivers that they can be detected using their phones. Using a directional antenna (天线)，the detector picks up radio waves produced by a phone handset, and measures the signal strength and length of them. When a signal is detected of duration (持续时间) long enough and signal strength strong enough to set off the system, the detector activates the warning sign. The detector is able to distinguish Bluetooth connections or hands-free devices which, when picked up, will prevent the activation.

While this new system is no replacement for a police officer catching someone in the act, it could be enough to make some drivers think twice- and that has to be a positive step forward. However, just as technology has enabled the problem of drivers using mobile phones illegally, it can also be a big part of the solution in getting people to stop. Statistics from the devices will be shared with Norfolk Police, the county council said. The council said that enabling the system to record specific number plates could be a "future development".

Using a mobile phone at the wheel is one of the four road crimes which can have horrible consequences if it causes a deadly or serious car crash. Law enforcement (执行) technology has been falling behind for a decade and not made any easier by motor producers that encourage users to plug in their phones even before driving.

1. Why is the roadside system used according to Paragraph 1?

A．To send out cellphone signals to drivers.

B．To detect drivers' illegal use of cellphone.

C．To monitor people's use of phones while driving.

D．To warm people against using pones while driving.

2. How does the detector of the roadside system work?

A．It measures the length of the phone.	B．It warns drivers with a phone in hand.
C．It picks up radio waves from handsets.	D．It activates the vehicle's Bluetooth system.

3. What does the text suggest drivers do with the road warning sign?

A．Swift to Bluetooth while driving.	B．Have a close watch of road signs.
C．Avoid being picked up by detectors.	D．Stop using a hands-free mobile phone.

4. What will the county council probably do in the future?

A．Share the devices with the police.	B．Make the system more advanced.
C．Replace the police with the new system.	D．Take steps to settle road safety problems.

4 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式。

With the    1    (adopt) of e-ticket service on the high-speed line    2    (link) Lanzhou of Gansu province and Urumqi of the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region on Wednesday, all 1,075 high-speed and intercity railway stations on the Chinese mainland will allow passengers to check in    3    a paper ticket. The move will streamline boarding procedures and improve services.

    4    entering the station and checking in, passengers only need    5    (scan) an identification card at the self-service counters. Those    6    ID cannot be read by the machines will be able to check in through the manual channel.

The service    7    (introduce) on the island-looping high-speed rail line of Hainan province in November 2018. It was then promoted to the majority of the high-speed railway stations across the country during the    8    (four) quarter last year.

After going through tests of the robust traffic during the Spring Festival, summer vacation and other holidays, the e-ticket system has been operating    9    (safe) and steadily while getting positive passenger feedback.

The system has also grouped    10    disabled, people with children, students and the military in online accessibility to discounted tickets.

5 . The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “Drive LAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.

Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated and inactive.

Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.

These include custom-made navigation (导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country driving is important for keeping their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”

“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”

Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The Drive LAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to solve these problems.”

“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”

“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”

1. What is the purpose of the Drive LAB?

A．To explore new means of transport.	B．To design new types of cars.
C．To teach people traffic rules.	D．To find out older driver’s problems.

2. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?

A．It keeps them independent.	B．It helps them save time.
C．It builds up their strength.	D．It cures their mental illnesses.

3. What do researchers hope to do for older people?

A．Ensure their safety with the help of technology.

B．Improve their diving skills.

C．Provide advice on repairing their cars.

D．Organize regular physical checkups.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．A New Model Electric Car	B．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
C．A Solution to Traffic Problems	D．Driving Services for Elders

6 . Thank you for lending us your support by planning a visit to Ravenglass & Eskdale Railway. Please note, in order to manage capacity (容量) and ensure the safety of our passengers and staff, all passengers are required to purchase a dated and limed ticket beforehand. Do bear in mind that the tickets are never sold on-site. Departure stations are Ravenglass or Dalegarth. Our intermediate stations will be closed until further notice.

There are lots to explore from our two station stop; find out more with our online itinerary (行程) planner. If you are a wheelchair user, please call us ahead of your visit to pre-book your space. Visit our website for more details and to plan your visit, ravenglass-railway. co. uk. Tel: 01229717171.

Timetable A (from RAVENGLASS)

Depart	Arrive	Return times from Dalegarth
10:25	11:05	11:50	12:50	14:10	15:10	16:30	17:20
11:25	12:05	12:50	14:10	15:10	16:30	17:20	—
12:50	13:30	14:10	15:10	16:30	17:20	—	—
13:50	14:30	15:10	16:30	17:20	—	—	—
15:10	15:50	16:30	17:20	—	—	—	—
16:10	16:50	17:20	—	—	—	—	—

Timetable B (from DALEGARTH)

Depart	Arrive	Return times from Ravenglass
11:50	12:30	12:50	13:50	15:10	16:10	—
12:50	13:30	13:50	15:10	16:10	—	—
14:10	14:50	15:10	16:10	—	—	—
15:10	15:50	16:10	—	—	—	—
16:30	17:10	Single journey only. No return option
17:20	18:00	Single Journey only. No return option

Fared

Adult	Single	£12.00
	Return	£18.00
Child	Single	£8.00
	Return	£12.00
	Under 5	£0.00

1. Which of the following should passengers pay special attention to?

A．Child safety should be ensured.

B．Tickets must be booked in advance.

C．New stations are being constructed.

D．The capacity will soon be improved

2. How long does the railway trip between Ravenglass and Dalegarth last?

A．Half an hour	B．Forty minutes
C．One hour	D．Eighty-five minute.

3. How much should a family of two parents and a baby pay for a round trip?

A．24 pounds	B．32 pounds.
C．36 pounds	D．4 pounds.

7 . Drive in Ontario

Welcome to Ontario! Here's what you need to know if you are, or will be, visiting Ontario — and want to drive while you're here.

Visiting: less than 3 months

If you are visiting Ontario for less than 3 months and want to drive while you're here, you can use a valid driver's licence from your own province, state or country.

Visiting: more than 3 months

If you will be visiting from another country for more than 3 months, you will need an International Driver's Permit (IDP) from your own country. This is a special licence that allows motorists to drive internationally when accompanied by a valid driver's licence from their country. You need to have this permit with you when you arrive in Ontario. You cannot apply for one once you are here.

Rules of the road

As a visitor, you are responsible for knowing Ontario traffic laws. Here are just some:

• keep to the right of the road
• obey posted speed limits (e.g. 50 km/hour)
• do not use handheld devices while driving (e.g. cell phones, tablets or music players)
• slow down and pull to the right, if an emergency vehicle is driving behind you with their lights and sirens (e.g. an ambulance, fire truck or police car)

If you break a traffic law, you will face a penalty. Penalties range from fines to making your licence invalid or your car taken away. For more information, please click here.

1. l. Who is the text intended for?

A．Potential immigrants.	B．General visitors.
C．Exchange students.	D．Ordinary drivers.

2. What driving habit is unacceptable in Ontario?

A．Changing lanes at random.	B．Giving way to fire trucks.
C．Listening to music in the car.	D．Driving within the speed limits.

3. Where is the text most probably taken from?

A．A local website.	B．A travel guide.
C．An advertisement.	D．A geography magazine

8 . Transportation shapes the world: along with communications, it forms a global net that connects person to person, city to city, and country to country. Transportation routes as well as vehicles are vital to the functioning and spread of every civilization.

A country’s economy depends on reliable transportation. Cities spread out along roads, rivers, and rails, so does information. Until the 20th century, these routes were confined to land or water. With the invention of powered flight, the air became an open road as well. The earliest way of traveling was undoubtedly by foot, and humans’ earliest means of transporting goods was carrying loads on their back or head. By 4000 B.C., people were using domesticated animals for transport, a method greatly improved in some parts of the world by the invention of the wheel, probably first developed around 3500 B.C..

Until the 19th century, animals were the engines of land transportation. But with the invention of the steam engine and the internal combustion engine, railroads and automobiles revolutionized travel and trade. More than 600 million cars and trucks travel the world today.

Water has always been a fast and efficient mode of travel, and even today it remains a primary mover of heavy goods. The importance of waterways to human civilization can be seen on any map: almost all of the world’s major cities are located on coastlines or rivers. As early as 7000 B.C., people were building canoes; long-distance ships were common by 3000 B.C. Until the 1950s, ships were the chief means of overseas passenger travel.

Although the Montgolfier brothers took flight in balloons in the 18th century, air travel was not practical until the invention of powered flight by the Wright brothers in 1903. Within ten years, the commercial air transportation business had begun.

Since the 20th century, high-speed rail has become another convenient way of travel. Today, two-thirds of the world’s high-speed rail track is in China, which measures nearly 30,000 kms, and this is expected to reach 38,000 kms by 2025.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Technological advancements in transport over time.

B．The influence of economic activities on transportation.

C．The relationship between transportation and information flows.

D．Reasons why land and sea transportation routes were important.

2. Why does the writer mention the location of the world’s major cities?

A．To encourage more people to move to big cities.

B．To explain why boats and ships continue to be irreplaceable.

C．To recommend water as a convenient and cheap form of transportation.

D．To emphasize the contribution of water transport to human development.

3. What can we learn about air travel?

A．Balloons used to be one popular way of air travel.

B．The Montgolfier brothers invented powered flight.

C．The invention of airplanes helped popularize air travel.

D．Air travel became widespread soon after the balloon was invented.

4. What is the total length of high-speed rail track in the world today?

A．About 57,000 kms.	B．About 45,000 kms.
C．About 38,000 kms.	D．About 30,000 kms.

9 . As a boy growing up in India, I had longed to travel abroad. I used to listen to the stories my father would tell me about his stay in Canada and tours to Europe in the 1990s, with great interest. My big moment finally came in the summer of 2010 when I was able to accompany my parents to Europe. We planned to travel to Belgium, Netherlands and Germany.

I had heard several great things about Lufthansa till then but now I finally got to experience them first hand, during the flight to Frankfurt. We flew business class and even today I can remember the excellent service by the Lufthansa crew. The flight was really smooth and thoroughly enjoyable, even for someone like me, who is otherwise scared of flying.

After spending almost two weeks in Europe, we took the Lufthansa airport express from Dusseldorf to Frankfurt airport, for our return flight. What a journey that was! All along the Rhine(莱茵河)，it was simply an unforgettable experience. I was in a sombre mood on the flight back to Mumbai as it marked the end of a wonderful vacation, but the Lufthansa crew members were able to change it into a most enjoyable experience yet again, with the quality of their service.

Being the first airline to take me overseas, Lufthansa will always hold a special place in my heart. Even today, I continue to enjoy flights on Lufthansa and simply cannot dream of choosing any other airline.

1. Which country does the author live in now?

A．Belgium.

B．Germany.

C．India.

D．Canada.

2. What does the underlined word   “sombre"   in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Happy.	B．Sad.
C．Angry.	D．Enjoyable.

3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the author?

A．He likes Lufthansa very much.

B．He has achieved much success in life.

C．He hopes his father will travel with him.

D．He has a hard time when flying just like his father.

10 . Sri Lanka is a beautiful island nation best seen slowly, even if you have only four days there like I did.

The train in the country was my preferred means of transport (交通方式). My ticket, from Colombo to Kandy, with comfortable seats and a big picture window, cost $19 for the 2.5 hours ride. I got a second-class seat on the Kandy-to-Ella route (路线) and paid about $ 22 for the nearly seven-hour trip through the green hills and tea gardens of central Sri Lanka.

Gentle rain said hello to us as we entered Kandy. The Gamage family in William Gopallawa Mawatha Street hosted (招待) me. The lovely family, including parents, children and other family members, put me up for two nights in their home for $13 every night. My room was basic but comfortable, and came with a delicious breakfast spread every morning. Mrs. Gamage told me I could easily find someone in a tuk-tuk(三轮摩的) to show me around town.

When I found Santha, a small, middle-aged man with a big smile, the next day, we quickly agreed on a price for a tour of the city: just $15. His tuk-tuk moved uphill slowly toward Sri Maha Bodhi Viharaya Buddhist Temple. The warm driver also took me to the Royal Botanic Gardens, a peaceful place away from the traffic and noise of the town.

The next morning, I got on a bright blue train to Ella. Ella Station isn’t far from the Sunnyside Holiday Bungalow, where I had booked a room for about $40 every night. The owners are nice and the hotel with gardens is beautiful.

My first morning in Ella, I visited the Nine Arch Bridge, a beautiful old railway bridge. In the afternoon, it started to rain heavily. I walked into a restaurant which sits atop a hill and provides a breathtaking view (风景) of the countryside. An hour later, the rain let up. And I set out to go for a long walk in Little Adam’s Peak. I loved the view of low-lying clouds resting gently on what seemed like an endless series of green hills.

1. Which shows the author's travel route in SriLanka?

A．Colombo → Ella → Kandy.	B．Kandy → Colombo → Ella.
C．Colombo → Kandy → Ella.	D．Kandy → Ella → Colombo .

2. How much did the author pay for his host family in Kandy?

A．13 dollars.	B．26 dollars.
C．41 dollars.	D．80 dollars.

3. What does the author think of the people he met in Sri Lanka?

A．They are kind.	B．They are talkative.
C．They are humorous.	D．They are hard-working.

4. What did the author do in Ella in the afternoon?

A．He toured the town.	B．He stayed in the hotel.
C．He visited an old railway bridge.	D．He enjoyed the beautiful scenery.