2 . Since the 1920s, a little-known policy called parking minimums has shaped many Americans’ life. In major cities, this meant that any type of building needed to reserve a certain number of parking spaces to accommodate anyone who might visit.

But as the country attempts to cut carbon emissions (排放), we should rethink what transportation and public space look like, especially in cities. Earlier this month, the city of Austin, Texas, became the latest community to undo parking minimums.

“If we want half of all trips to be in something other than a car, then we can’t, as a city, in my opinion, demand that every home or business have at least one parking space for each resident or customer,” said Zohaib Qadri, the Austin city council member who introduced the measure. Reducing dependency on cars was a huge push for the initiative in Austin. Qadri hopes the measure also will lead to a more sustainable city.

The undoing of this law could pave the way for cities to build denser (密集的) housing, increase public transit options, and reduce their carbon emissions, according to Donald Shoup, an engineer and professor. “It isn’t just the housing crisis and climate change; it’s a traffic jam; it’s local air pollution; it’s the high price of everything—except parking,” said Shoup.

Climate change and air pollution are particularly costly outcomes, with both estimated to cost the US billions of dollars every year. Parking spots, meanwhile, can run in the tens of thousands of dollars to construct, with one estimate putting that figure at almost $30, 000 per spot.

But undoing parking minimums does not mean that all parking will disappear overnight. It means that any off-street parking built will not need to meet any minimum standard.

“Austin is the same city that it was two weeks ago,” said Shoup. “It’s going to take quite a while for that city to really get the benefits of their parking space reforms. And so it just removes a roadblock and a barrier to other reforms.”

1. Why was parking minimums policy deserted in Austin?

A．To make room for green belts.	B．To help tackle climate problems.
C．To respond to residents’ demand.	D．To ease the heavy traffic.

2. What can we infer from Qadri’s words?

A．Parking space provides convenience.

B．Cars are used for half of people’s trips.

C．Each home needs more than one parking space.

D．Reducing parking space can reduce dependency on cars.

3. What is Donald Shoup’s attitude towards undoing parking minimums?

A．Supportive.

B．Concerned.

C．Doubtful.

D．Disappointed.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．The Harm of Climate Change	B．The Origin of Parking Minimums
C．The Reason for Too Many Emissions	D．A Possible Way to Fight Climate Change

4 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What place is the man interested in?

A．The hotel.

B．The gas station.

C．The coffee houses.

2. What is opposite the shopping center?

A．A gas station.

B．A school.

C．A park.

3. How far away is the hotel from the central park ?

A．500 meters.

B．200 meters.

C．100 meters.

6 . As a most popular tourist destination, Pearl Harbor is one of the most significant places in U.S. history and today. To make the most of your visit, consider one of these guided Pearl Harbor tours from Waikiki.

E Noa Tours – Salute to Pearl Harbor The tour company provides transportation from Waikiki and allows you to visit with the guidance of an expert. You can visit the USS Arizona Memorial free of charge. Price: Adults from $46;kids from $36

Karma Tour Hawaii – Pearl Harbor Passport “A Complete Experience” On this half-day tour from Waikiki, you’ll have a chance to see the entirety of the Pearl Harbor National Memorial.You’ll also get a brief history lesson as you roll through downtown Honolulu on the way back to your departure point. Recent tourists praise this tour, noting that it’s informative as well as kid-friendly. Price: Adults from $199;kids from $179

Pearl Harbor, USS Arizona & Hawaiian History Tour This small-group tour transports travelers from Waikiki to the Pearl Harbor National Memorial. After your visit, you’ll drive through the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific before the ride back to Honolulu, which will be accompanied by a history lesson of local landmarks. Price: Adults from $79.99;kids from $39.99

Roberts Hawaii Tours & Activities – Pearl Harbor, and City Tour If you’re looking for a small-group tour of Pearl Harbor, this is one of the best. Limited to 15 participants, this tour includes tickets and plenty of time to explore the rest of the Pearl Harbor National Memorial. Price: Adults from $66; kids from $42

1. How much will you pay for visiting the USS Arizona Memorial ?

A．$36.

B．$79.99.

C．$179.

D．free.

2. What is special about the tour of Karma Tour Hawaii ?

A．It’s fit for children.

B．It’s not informative.

C．It includes 15 participants.

D．It provides a physical lesson.

3. Which tour will you choose if you are interested in landmarks?

A．E Noa Tours – Salute to Pearl Harbor.

B．Pearl Harbor, USS Arizona & Hawaiian History Tour.

C．Roberts Hawaii Tours & Activities – Pearl Harbor,and City Tour.

D．Karma Tour Hawaii – Pearl Harbor Passport “A Complete Experience” .

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What happened to Eric this morning?

A．He got stuck in traffic jams.

B．He didn’t catch the bus.

C．He lost his job.

2. Why were the drivers on strike today?

A．To ask for more pay.

B．To avoid unemployment.

C．To get long holidays.

3. How did the woman get to work today?

A．By bike.

B．By taxi.

C．By bus.