1 . Antarctica has not always been a land of ice and snow. Earth’s southernmost continent once was home to rivers and forests full of life. Researchers are using satellites to look deep under the ice in Antarctica, finding a large ancient landscape buried under the continent’s ice sheet. The landscape is located in East Antarctica’s Wilkes Land area bordering the Indian Ocean, covering an area about the size of Belgium. The researchers said the landscape is estimated to have been buried beneath the ice shelf for between 14 million to 34 million years, when Antarctica entered its deep freeze.
“The landscape is like a snapshot of the past,” said Stewart Jamieson, a professor of glaciology at Durham University in England and co-leader of the study published in the journal Nature Communications, “It is difficult to know what this lost world might have looked like before the ice came along, but it was certainly warmer back then. Ancient palm tree pollen has been discovered from Antarctica, not far from our study site.”
Some earlier studies have uncovered ancient landscapes beneath Antarctica’s ice including mountains. But the landscape discovered in the new study was the first of its kind. It is estimated that such an environment would likely have been populated by wildlife. But the area’s fossil record is too incomplete to know which animals may have lived there. The ice above the ancient landscape measures about 2.2 kilometers to 3 kilometers thick.
The researchers said one way to learn more would be to drill through the ice and take a piece of the earth below. This could uncover evidence showing ancient life, as was done with samples taken in Greenland dating back two million years ago.
Right before 34 million years ago, Antarctica’s landscape and wildlife was likely similar to today’s cold temperate rainforests. That includes places like Tasmania, New Zealand and South America’s Patagonia area. When the climate cooled even more, an ice sheet grew which covered the whole continent.
1. How long ago was the landscape not buried at the latest?A.14 million years ago. | B.34 million years ago. |
C.20 million years ago. | D.48 million years ago. |
A.To show it is hard to explore this lost world. |
B.To indicate there exist some vivid remains. |
C.To present the influence of terrible weather. |
D.To explain the landscape was too warm to live in. |
A.The landscape contains many hills and mountains. |
B.Animal skeletons have been uncovered in the landscape. |
C.There seems to have existed a mass of wild animals. |
D.The ice above the landscape is too thick to measure. |
A.Antarctica Once Witnessed Kinds of Wildlife. |
B.Areas of Rainforests Found in Antarctica. |
C.Many Landscapes under Antarctica Discovered. |
D.Ancient Landscape Found Buried in Antarctic Ice. |
2 . The United Kingdom is hosting the AI Safety Summit, bringing politicians, computer scientists and big AI company leaders to a site chosen for its symbolism: Bletchley Park, the birthplace of computing and code-breaking (密码破译).
During World War II, a group of mathematicians, chess masters and other experts gathered at the Victorian country house 72 kilometers northwest of London to start a secret war against Nazi Germany. Their goal was to break a set of constantly changing codes produced by Nazi Germany’s Enigma machine. To do it, Bletchley Park’s wartime scientists — building on work done by Polish code-breakers — developed Colossus, the first programmable digital computer. Some historians say cracking the code helped shorten the war by up to two years.
“It has oversimplified its true contribution by describing Bletchley Park as a playground for Turing and other scientists.” said historian Chris Smith, author of The Hidden History of Bletchley Park. “Although it fits into the romantic idea that a group of smart men with a bit of wool and some yards of wire can win the war. In fact, almost 10,000 people worked at Bletchley Park during the war. Three quarters of them were women. It’s basically a factory... Twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. When peace came, the code-breakers returned to civilian life and promised to keep secret about their wartime work. It was not until the 1970s that the work at Bletchley Park became widely known in Britain.”
In 1994, the site opened as a museum, after local historians banded together to prevent it from being pulled down to build a supermarket. It was restored to its 1940s appearance, complete with old typewriters, phones and cups—including the one tied to a heater in Hut 8, where Turing led the Enigma team.
1. What can we learn about Colossus?A.It was invented by Nazi Germany. |
B.It was designed to send secret messages. |
C.Polish code-breakers also made a contribution to it. |
D.The project’s goal was to produce the first computer. |
A.Women’s hard work was overlooked. | B.The secret should not be kept for so long. |
C.The computer ought to be more powerful. | D.It is silly to say the machine shortened the war. |
A.To highlight the government’s support. | B.To show the perfect restoration of the site. |
C.To stress Turing’s important role in the project. | D.To tell the difficulty in collecting the lost items. |
A.To advocate women’s equal rights with men. |
B.To advertise a newly restored computer museum. |
C.To show the significance of an important meeting. |
D.To add some background to the AI safety meeting. |
On Feb 8, 2001, workers at a construction site in Jinsha village, Chengdu, found many pieces of ivory and jade and the hidden ruins of the capital of the ancient Shu Kingdom were brought
In 2005, the pattern was
More than 3,000 stone tools have been unearthed during the latest work at the Piluo site, a large-scale Paleolithic site
The Piluo site,
The latest stage, kicking off in July, was the third of its kind and covered about 150 square meters,
According to
The
One sunny day in the late spring of 353, a party took place with 40-some poets, scholars, and artists
A total of 37 poems
Today, visitors can go to the “Orchid Pavilion” area,
The silk industry in Sichuan is one of the original points of Chinese silk culture. Sichuan brocade (蜀锦) originated from the Spring and Autumn period, and fully developed in the Han and Tang
Sichuan brocade is one of China’s four most famous branches of brocade, the others
Silk
If history doesn’t quite repeat
For a few heady years in the 1890s, the bicycle was the must-have — swift, affordable, stylish transportation that could take you anywhere you cared to go, anytime you
Society
By 1898 cycling had become
In ancient times, all roads
Surrounded by mountains, Sichuan, called Shu in ancient times, was known for its inaccessibility. That became widely known partly due to a line from Chinese poet Li Bai,
When builders approached the Mingyue Gorge in Guangyuan, they found
The Sword Gate Pass, a towering V-shaped mountain pass—the one that gave rise
9 . The now world-famous Lumière brothers, Auguste Lumière and Louis Lumière, were born in Besançon, eastern France, near the border with Switzerland. They grew up immersed in the dazzling potential of photography, pursuing the family passion for developing images.
Their father Charles-Antoine set up a small factory producing photographic plates, and the looming threat of bankruptcy (破产) in 1882 was just the sort of pressure needed to inspire the world’s greatest invention. It was these two boys who invented the machines necessary to automate their father’s plate production, known as the new photo plate “etiquettes bleue”, and saved the family business from sinking.
When their father eventually retired one decade later in 1892, the brothers decided to focus on creating moving pictures. The original cinématographe (电影机) was made by Léon Guillaume Bouly on 12 February 1892, but the brothers made their own more efficient version three years later on 13 February 1895.
One of their techniques for making film more efficient included film perforations (穿孔), which helped pass the film through the camera and projector with greater ease. The first-ever footage (片段) to be recorded using their new invention was recorded on 19 March 1895, a short film that showed workers leaving the Lumière factory in which the brothers worked.
The first public screening of their movies came a few months later in December 1895, and they used their invention of the cinématographe to show 10 movie-clips of about 50 seconds each.
Of course, there was Thomas Edison’s “peepshow” kinetoscope that existed before the French Lumière Brothers invented cinema. But the difference was, Edison’s “peepshow” did not allow simultaneous viewing, whereas the Lumière Brothers invented entertainment that could be enjoyed by the masses and all at once. And cinema has never been the same ever since.
1. Which of the following is credited to the Lumière Brothers?A.The original idea of cinématographe. |
B.The invention of photographic plates. |
C.The invention of “peepshow” kinetoscope. |
D.The automatic production of photographic plates. |
A.Higher Efficiency. | B.Originality. | C.Automatic operation. | D.Low cost. |
A.A family party. | B.Working staff. | C.A violent battle. | D.Moving objects. |
A.It served a larger audience. | B.It presented clearer pictures. |
C.It produced louder sounds. | D.It passed the film more easily. |
A water system from more than 3,600 years ago
In one of the ditch sections, archaeologists found artificial open channels and stone facilities for water diversion,
Discovery of this water system enhanced our understanding of