4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The history of Chinese characters dates back to ancient times, with a history of at least several thousand years. It is agreed that hanzi began     1     simple pictures, images that the ancient Chinese people drew, painted, and carved     2    (describe) nature and their lives.

The     3     (old) symbols recognizable as Chinese characters are those found on ancient animal bones. These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen,     4    (carve) on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into     5    ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity.

When you first look at Chinese characters, you will most     6    (like) feel that they are very complicated. About 80% of Chinese characters are composed of smaller     7     (part), which are combined in many different ways to form tens of thousands of hanzi. Fortunately you need to know only about two or three thousand characters for use in     8    (day) life.

Chinese characters and Chinese culture are inseparably linked. China’s writing system forms     9     strong bridge linking the Chinese people and culture of the present with     10    (that) of the past. As China takes its place in the international community, many international students are studying Chinese and are coming to appreciate China’s impressive culture.

5 . The first men and women came to Britain over two and a half million years ago.     1     But the British Isles only became islands separated from the rest of Europe about 8, 500 years ago, when melting ice formed the English Channel!

3,000 years after Britain became an island, new tribes who came by boat from the mainland introduced farming.    2    Many of these man-made hills can still be seen.

Later on, people learned to build stone monuments. The most amazing is Stonehenge, a circle of huge stones begun about 4,500 years ago. Stonehenge is the world's most famous prehistoric monument.     3    

3,000 years ago the climate in Britain became colder and wetter than before.     4     A bit later iron started to be used for tools and weapons instead of bronze. Knowledge of ironworking may have been brought by the Celts, a new wave of immigrants who started to arrive from southern Europe in about 500 BC.

What we know about the first people in Britain has been worked out by archaeologists from the remains they left behind them. Pytheas, a Greek, was the first person who could read and write to come to Britain. His visit was in about 330 BC, over 2, 000 years after Stonehenge was begun. Unfortunately, what Pytheas wrote has been lost, so we don't have any written record of Britain until the Romans came.     5    

A．That was almost 300 years after he did!

B．As a result, people had to move down from high ground.

C．Because of the climate change, much of the ice has melted.

D．Many archaeologists believe that Britain was once covered by ice.

E．These tribes built earthworks for protection and as tombs for their dead bodies.

F．They were hunters and gatherers of food, who used stone tools and weapons.

G．We don't know what it was used for, though many different suggestions have been made.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Ahh… Fish, chips and soft peas! There is nothing     1    (much) British than fish and chips. Freshly cooked fish and chips, covered in salt, wrapped in newspaper and     2    (eat) out of doors on a cold day,     3    (simple) cannot be beaten! So how, when and where did this typically British dish come about?

The potato     4    (think) to have been brought to England from the New World in the 17^th century     5     Sir Walter Raleigh although it is believed that the French invented the fried potato chip.

Both Lancashire and London claim to be the first     6    (invent) this famous meal. In 1838, Charles Dickens     7    (refer) to “fried fish warehouses (仓库)” in     8     novel Oliver Twist.

Ordinary people soon decided that putting fried fish and chips together was a very tasty     9    (combine) and so was born the dish of fish and chips!

The first fish and chip shop in the North of England was founded in Mossley around 1863. Mr. Lees sold fish and chips from a wooden house in the market and later he moved the business to a shop across the road     10     had the following words on the window, “This is the first fish and chip shop in the world.”

7 . How Did the Ancient Chinese Keep Food Warm in Winter?

Facilities like electric rice cookers, microwaves, and electric kettles, make it easy for people to keep food warm and enjoy a comfortable winter. So how did Chinese people in ancient times keep food warm in winter without these? In fact, ancient Chinese people used their own methods of heat preservation as early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

☆ “Wen Ding”, ancient rice cooker

One of the major functions of an electric rice cooker is to keep food warm. The “Wen Ding”, an ancient cooking container, served the same purpose, but instead of using electric energy, the ancient cooking container preserved heat by burning fuels like charcoal.

The “Wen Ding” unearthed in Nanjing in 1989 is thought to be the oldest of its kind discovered in China, dating back to the Stone Age. The craftsmanship of making the “Wen Ding” was developed in the Bronze Age. The bronze Ding from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties took on different shapes and structures.

☆ “Ran Lu”, ancient small hot pot

The “Ran Lu” is a small size cooking vessel (器皿) made of bronze, which can be divided into three parts. A charcoal stove forms the main structure, with a bottom tray to hold charcoal ashes, and a movable cup at the top. Some experts have concluded that the vessel’s structure suggests it may have been used as a small hot pot and that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period (475—221 B.C.).

☆ Bronze You, ancient kettle

The Bronze You was one of the most common wine containers during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The Bronze You can also be used to warm wine. For example, the Bronze You with beast mask design, unearthed in Jiangxi Province, has an opening where charcoal could be placed. Just as people today can’t do without an electric kettle, the Bronze You allowed people to enjoy a hot drink.

☆ Bronze Yan, ancient steamer

Although the “Wen Ding” was effective at keeping food warm, the ancient Chinese people later found that its burning process produced pollution. As a result, the Bronze Yan made with a two-tier structure and used to steam rice and other grains. After the Eastern Han Dynasty (25A.D.-220A.D.), further improvements to the Bronze Yan led to the modern-day steamer.

1. When did the “Ran Lu” become popular?

A．In the Zhou Dynasty.	B．In the Eastern Han Dynasty.
C．In the Warring States Period.	D．In the Stone Age.

2. The Bronze You, unearthed in Jiangxi Province, has an opening to ________.

A．place charcoal	B．store wine
C．pour water	D．hold charcoal ashes

3. What is the unique advantage of the Bronze Yan?

A．It is warm.	B．It is convenient.
C．It is useful.	D．It is environment-friendly.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Silk Road is in fact a relatively recent term. These ancient roads had no particular name until in the mid-nineteenth century, Baron Ferdinand von Richthofen    1    (name) the trade and communication network the Silk Road. Since then the term     2    (accept) globally.

In the nineteenth century, a new type of travelers stepped onto the Silk Road: archaeologists and geographers, enthusiastic explorers who were eager     3     (look) for adventure. Researchers who came from many countries traveled through the Taklamakan Desert,    4     is now in Xinjiang, to explore ancient sites along the Silk Road,     5     (lead) to many discoveries and studies, and most of all, a renewed interest     6    the history of these routes.

Today, many historic     7     (build) and monuments still stand, marking the passage of the Silk Road through hotels, ports and cities. What’s more, the long-standing legacy(遗产) of this remarkable network is reflected in    8       large number of cultures, languages, customs and religions that have developed for many years along these routes. The passage of merchants and travelers of many    9     (difference) nationalities resulted not only in commercial exchange, but in a widespread and continual process of cultural interaction.     10     (obvious), it has become a driving force in the formation(形式) of diverse societies.

9 . The “Chong Yang Festival” is celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, which is also known as the Double Ninth Festival.     1    

Climbing Mountains

People like to climb mountains on this festival, so Double Ninth Festival is also called “Mountain-climbing Festival”.

The 9th lunar month, with clear autumn sky and bracing air, is a good time for sightseeing.     2    . It is really refreshing to climb mountains and enjoy the beauty of nature at this bright and clear time in autumn.

Climbing mounting also indicates “climbing to a higher position”. Another reason why climbing mountains are valued by people, especially by the elderly is that it has a meaning of “climbing to ligneous life”. Climbing mountains on Double Ninth Festival was already popular in the Tang Dynasty.    3    

Drinking Chrysanthemum Flower(菊花) Wine

The chrysanthemum flower wine is unique in brewing. In ancient times, people usually picked fresh chrysanthemum flowers and leaves on the 9th of the 9th lunar month, and brewed the mixture of them and grains into the wine.     4    . The wine is said to have wholesome effects on sharpness of the eye, drop of high blood pressure, reduction of weight and removal of stomach trouble, thus contributing to longevity.

    5    

The Double Ninth cake is also known as “flower cake”. It dates back to the Zhou Dynasty. It is said that the cake was originally prepared after autumn harvests for farmers to have a taste of what was just in season, and it gradually grew into the present cake for people to eat on the Double Ninth Day.

A．Eating Double Ninth Cake

B．Making “flower cake” with friends

C．A lot of poems were devoted to this custom

D．So people love to go sightseeing this month

E．It would not be drunk until the same day next year

F．Here are some traditional customs of the Double Ninth Festival

G．But few Chinese people are aware of the importance of the festival

10 . When it comes to cultural heritage protection, the Grand Canal of China is probably the world’s greatest project of its kind.   The big inland waterway system in the north-eastern and central eastern plains passes through eight of the country’s present-day provinces.
The Canal runs from Beijing in the north to Zhejiang Province in the south. Constructed in sections from the 5th century BC onwards, it was designed as a means of communication in the 7th century AD.   The Canal is the world’s greatest civil engineering project before the Industrial Revolution.
The Grand Canal reached a peak in the 13th century, providing an inland navigation(航行) network consisting of more than 2,000 kilometers of artificial waterways, linking five of the most important river basins in China, including the Yellow River and the Yangtze. It entered a bid as a UNESCO(联合国教科文组织) cultural heritage site in 2008.
The Grand Canal cultural square is located in Beijing’s Tongzhou district. Ever since the Yuan dynasty 800 years ago, the Tongzhou section of the Grand Canal has been the life blood of Beijing. Grain and building materials were all transported to meet the endless demands of the big cities. Even today, the Grand Canal plays a major role in the lives of its citizens.
"I grew up near the Grand Canal. In the past the waterway was a lot narrower, but now it’s nice and wide and bridges are built over it. I think if the bid for world heritage status succeeds, it will greatly make Tongzhou more famous in the world, especially with Tongzhou aiming to be a sub-center of the capital Beijing," a citizen said.
The result of the bid is set to be released next week, and no doubt it will certainly make it into the history books if the Canal is listed as a world heritage site.
1. It can be concluded from the passage that .

A．The bid’s result of the Canal will be announced soon

B．the Canal is the UNESCO’s newest world heritage site

C．the Canal is to connect Tongzhou with Zhejiang Province

D．the Canal will be a bid for a UNESCO cultural heritage site

2. The Grand Canal was in the most glorious time .

A．when it was aimed as a means of communication

B．when it crossed the Yellow River and the Yangtze

C．when it was born about six hundred years later

D．when it was designed as an artificial waterway

3. What can we infer by reading the passage?

A．Tongzhou used to be the capital of the Yuan dynasty.

B．Most citizens living in Tongzhou depend on the Canal.

C．Tongzhou will benefit if the Canal is made a heritage site.

D．Some citizens think the Canal not to be a cultural heritage item.