2 . Although we lack accurate statistics about child mortality in the pre-industrial period, we do have evidence that in the 1660s, the mortality rate for children who died within 14 days of birth was as much as 30 percent. Nearly all families _______ some premature death. Moreover, to protect themselves from the emotional consequences of children’s death, parents avoided making any emotional _______ to an infant.

The 18th century witnessed the _______ from an agrarian (土地的) economy to an industrial one, one of the vital social changes taking place in the Western world. An increasing number of people moved from their villages and small towns to big cities where life was quite different. Social supports which had _______ existed in smaller communities were replaced by problems such as poverty, crime, substandard housing and disease. Due to the need for additional income to support the family, young children from the poorest families were _______ into early employment and thus their childhood became painfully short. Children as young as 7 might be required to work full-time, _______ to unpleasant and unhealthy circumstances, from factories to prostitution.

The lives of children _______ a drastic change during the 1800s in the United States. Previously, children from both rural and urban families were expected to participate in everyday labour due to the bulk of manual hard working. _______ , thanks to the technological advances of the mid-1800s, _______ the rise of the middle class and redefinition of roles of family members, work and home became less synonymous over time. People began to purchase toys and books for their children. When the country depended more upon ________ , children in rural and urban areas, were less likely to be required to work at home. Beginning from the Industrial Revolution and rising slowly over the course of the 19th century, this ________ increased dramatically after the Civil War. John Locke was one of the most ________ writers of his period. He created the first clear and ________ statement of the “environmental position” that family education ________ a child’s life, and via this, he became the father of modern learning theory. During the colonial period, his teachings about childcare gained a lot of ________ in America.

1.

A．suffered

B．deserved

C．endured

D．defeated

2.

A．judgement

B．reaction

C．commitment

D．expression

3.

A．interpretation

B．transformation

C．journey

D．migration

4.

A．previously

B．naturally

C．dramatically

D．accidentally

5.

A．allowed

B．introduced

C．organised

D．forced

6.

A．committed

B．addicted

C．subjected

D．entitled

7.

A．anticipated

B．caused

C．indicated

D．underwent

8.

A．Nevertheless

B．Moreover

C．Instead

D．Therefore

9.

A．compared with

B．based on

C．coupled with

D．regardless of

10.

A．agriculture

B．machines

C．weather

D．livestock

11.

A．industrialism

B．trend

C．popularity

D．development

12.

A．experienced

B．gifted

C．imaginative

D．influential

13.

A．remarkable

B．authoritative

C．comprehensive

D．alarming

14.

A．enriches

B．rebuilds

C．prolongs

D．determines

15.

A．recognition

B．experience

C．admission

D．benefits

3 . History of Women’s Football in Britain

Women’s football in Britain has deeper roots than might be expected. In one town in the 18th century Scotland, single women played an annual match against their married counterparts, though the motives behind the contest were not purely sporting. Some accounts say that the games were watched by a crowd of single men, who hoped to pick out a potential bride based on her footballing ability.

By the late 19th century, with the men’s game spreading across Britain like wildfire, women also began to take up association football. Early pioneers included Nettie J. Honeyball, who founded the British Ladies’ Football Club(BLFC)in 1895. Honeyball, like many of the middle-and upper-class women who played in the late 19th century, she was not keen to publicise her involvement with a contact sport played on muddy fields. We know more about Lady Florence Dixie, who was appointed president of the BLFC in 1895 and who was an ardent believer in equality between the sexes.

The BLFC arranged games between teams representing the north and the south of England, where money would be raised for those in need. These initially attracted healthy numbers of supporters although early newspaper reports were not particularly generous, with one reporter suggesting “when the novelty has worn off, I do not think women’s football will attract the crowds”. And crowds did drop off as the growing popularity of the men’s game came to dominate public interest. In a country where women were not yet allowed to vote, it would take extraordinary circumstances for their efforts on the football pitch to attract widespread attention.

Those circumstances arose in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. With many men leaving their jobs to join the army, women started to work in factories and just as men had done before them, they began to play informal games of football during their lunch breaks. After some initial uncertainty, their superiors came to see these games as a means to boost morale and thus increase productivity. Teams soon formed and friendly matches were arranged. What’s more, in the town of Preston in the north of England, the female workers at a manufacturing company showed a particular aptitude for the game. Watching from a window above the yard where they played, office worker Alfred Frankland spotted their talent and he set about forming a team.

1. The writer says that in the 18th century Scotland__________.

A．only unmarried women were allowed to play football

B．women’s football was more common than men’s football

C．skill at football might be considered when choosing a wife

D．women were sometimes forbidden to watch football matches

2. Nettie J. Honeyball was unwilling to__________.

A．take an active part in team sports

B．mix with people she considered lower class

C．let the public know her involvement in football

D．take a leadership role in the British Ladies’ Football Club

3. Which of the following statements was true about the events happened in Britain, between 1895 and 1914?

A．Society was not yet ready for women’s football.

B．There were false reports of the decline of women’s football.

C．The media felt that women’s football should not be allowed.

D．Women’s football mainly attracted people because it was unusual.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Factories were initially unwilling to employ women.

B．Factory employees were allowed to have extra time to play football.

C．Factory managers usually played in matches against female employees.

D．Factory employers decided that women’s football might have positive effects.

4 . Beanstalks (豆萁) are burned to cook beans
The beans cry in the pot
We grow from the same root (根)
Why should we boil each other with such impatience?

The poem is thought to be written by Cao Zhi, one of Cao Cao’s sons, Cao, who lived between 192 and 232 during the Three Kingdoms period.

It is said that after Cao Cao’s death, his oldest son Cao Pi became the emperor. Cao Pi was jealous (嫉妒的) of his younger brother Cao Zhi’s talent, so he wanted to find an excuse to kill him. One day, Cao Pi ordered Cao Zhi to make a poem about their relationship within seven steps, and was determined (决定) to have the younger brother killed if he failed. Cao Zhi then made the poem in front of him, which showed Cao Pi’s cruel idea to kill his own brother. Cao Pi, feeling ashamed, let Cao Zhi go in the end.

In China, the poem is taught to primary school students and is often used by people to describe unnecessary competitions or fighting between people, businesses, or organizations who are in the same area or want the same things.

The poem was posted on Tweeter by the CEO of Tesla and Space X Elon Musk, and it was given a title Humankind on purpose by Musk. The post drew tons of attention on both Western and Chinese social media, and internet users have been guessing what it was used for. People thought it could be an answer to the director of UN food organization, who mentioned that world hunger could be stopped if Elon Musk could give away 2% of his wealth.

1. The poem is said to be written by ________.

A．Cao Cao

B．Cao Zhi

C．Cao Pi

D．Elon Musk

2. Cao Pi wanted to kill Cao Zhi because ________.

A．Cao Zhi was one of his brothers

B．Cao Pi was jealous of Cao Zhi’s talent

C．Cao Zhi refused to follow Cao Pi’s orders

D．Cao Pi wanted to become the only son of Cao Cao

3. By writing the poem, the poet wanted to show that ________.

A．his brother was cruel to him	B．he was not afraid of his brother
C．the beans were close to its stalks	D．the beanstalk should die for its beans

4. Which one is TRUE according to the last paragraph?

A．Elon Musk posted the poem on Tweeter for fun.

B．Only Western internet users noticed the poem.

C．The purpose of the poem became a hot topic.

D．Elon Musk is mean and doesn’t care about others.

6 . Complete the passage with the proper forms of the words in the box.

candidate     commitment     cruel     damp     motive     resolution     wage

One hundred years ago, exploring the Antarctic was a dangerous business. Because of the     1     weather and very little knowledge of how to survive in the Antarctic, the chances of success were quite slim and many explorers died. The people who signed up for such voyages were paid low     2    and had to tolerate poor working conditions and rough seas, along with the cold and     3    weather. They also had to have a strong     4    to finish what they had started no matter how hard it was, great personal discipline, and a firm     5     to the other members of the team. Yet, many    6     still applied to join such explorations. Some might have wanted to become famous. Others were looking for rewards. However, the     7     for many was to experience a great adventure.