1 . Eating out seems to have been as popular 5, 000 years ago as it is today, with archaeologists in Iraq uncovering an ancient tavern dating back to 2,700 BC. Researchers working in the ancient city of Lagash discovered the pub. It was hidden just 19 inches below the surface, which was split into (分成) an open-air dining area and a room with benches, an oven, ancient food and even a 5,000-year-old “fridge”.
They first found themselves in the open courtyard space, an area that was difficult to dig, being “open and exposed to the outdoors,” according to Reed Goodman, an archaeologist from the University of Pennsylvania. After returning to the ancient courtyard a few months later, field director Sara Pizzi from the University of Pisa, widened the trench (沟渠) instead of digging straight down in one spot.
The team discovered the industrial-sized oven, an ancient “fridge” to keep food cool, and dozens of bowls, many containing fish, showing the purpose of the courtyard to be an outdoor dining area.
Previous diggings focused on religious architecture and understanding the elites (上层人士) , but Holly Pittman, director of the Lagash Archaeological Project, concentrated on non-elite areas during these latest diggings to make people have a broader understanding of ancient cities. “Uncovering the pub supports the opinion of Pittman and her team that society was not organized into just elites but included ordinary people, ” Goodman said.
The discovery provides evidence into how people lived in this ancient city-state. It shows that even thousands of years ago, people enjoyed gathering in public places to socialize and enjoy food and drink.
1. What does the underlined word “tavern” in paragraph 1 refer to?| A．Pub. | B．City. | C．Bench. | D．Container. |
| A．By digging straight down in one spot. |
| B．By broadening the trench in the courtyard. |
| C．By making a hole in the middle of the outdoor space. |
| D．By splitting the open-air dining area into different parts. |
| A．It discovers the earliest settlers in Lagash. | B．It shows the social activities of the elites. |
| C．It reflects the life of the ancient ordinary people. | D．It focuses on studying religious architecture. |
| A．To share a travel experience. | B．To analyze a historical event. |
| C．To show the wisdom of ancient people. | D．To introduce an archaeological discovery. |
2 . A young lady was sitting in her garden under a tree drinking tea.
The story of the young woman and her tea is a popular Chinese legend (传说) about
As the production of silk increased, it began to be put into industrial
Silk was
| A．Suddenly | B．Fortunately | C．Obviously | D．Gradually |
| A．disappeared | B．hid | C．landed | D．defended |
| A．air | B．tea | C．tree | D．garden |
| A．creature | B．chemical | C．plant | D．material |
| A．catch hold of | B．make use of | C．run out of | D．drop out of |
| A．familiar | B．fascinating | C．exciting | D．terrible |
| A．report | B．record | C．picture | D．idea |
| A．knocked | B．attacked | C．touched | D．fixed |
| A．industry | B．trade | C．silk | D．clothing |
| A．chosen | B．designed | C．admired | D．charged |
| A．enjoyed | B．began | C．considered | D．admitted |
| A．use | B．management | C．operation | D．standard |
| A．conveniently | B．legally | C．secretly | D．widely |
| A．debate | B．contact | C．competition | D．pressure |
| A．elective | B．fancy | C．major | D．smooth |
3 . In Europe, men do not usually wear skirts. But the Scottish national costume for men is a kind of skirt. It is called a kilt. The Scottish like to be
That’s what they believe.
Then, in the late 1700s Scottish soldiers in the
These kilts had colorful and
This is not the
| A．unique | B．individual | C．classical | D．romantic |
| A．costume | B．religion | C．landscape | D．currency |
| A．Therefore | B．Somehow | C．However | D．Obviously |
| A．cloth | B．dress | C．scarf | D．blanket |
| A．off | B．along | C．in | D．on |
| A．studios | B．factories | C．fields | D．ordinary |
| A．Scottish | B．Irish | C．European | D．British |
| A．battled | B．worked | C．studied | D．quarreled |
| A．virtual | B．striking | C．previous | D．ordinary |
| A．significant | B．inspiring | C．satisfactory | D．special |
| A．In fact | B．In general | C．In addition | D．In particular |
| A．stripes | B．kilts | C．colors | D．styles |
| A．story | B．news | C．custom | D．phenomenon |
| A．confirm | B．believe | C．ensure | D．announce |
| A．belief | B．reflection | C．reaction | D．facts |
1. What did Spanish merchant take to the Americans?
| A．Corn. | B．Wheat. | C．Potatoes. |
| A．He saw the Pacific Ocean. |
| B．There were many jungles. |
| C．Panama was so narrow. |
| A．In 1513. | B．In 1524. | C．In 1533. |
| A．Wildlife. | B．Rocks. | C．Gold and silver. |
Biang Biang noodles, originated in Shaanxi Province, are well known for its traditional flavor and a funny name and interesting story.
The Chinese character for Biang is one of the most complex in the Chinese language,
Unlike other noodles that are named after how they’re made like pulled noodles, story has it that the name dates back to the Qing Dynasty. The noodles had already existed for long but didn’t have a nice name. One day, a hungry scholar, living a poor life, tried his luck for a free meal.
After
Despite the fact that the scholar just wanted to give the noodle shop owner his money’s worth, the name he created was
6 . Geography plays a critical role in shaping civilizations, and this is particularly true of ancient Greece.
The Greek peninsula (半岛)has two distinctive geographic features that influenced the development of Greek society. First, Greece has easy access to water. This easy access to water meant that the Greek people might naturally become explorers and traders. Second, Greece’s mountainous geography led to the development of the city-state. The high mountain s made it very difficult for people to travel or communicate. Therefore, each city-state developed independently and, often, very differently from one another. Athens and Sparta are two good examples of city-states that contrasted greatly with each other.
The city-state of Athens was the birthplace of many significant ideas. Ancient Athenians were a thoughtful people who enjoyed the systematic study of subjects such as science, philosophy, and history, to name a few. Athenians placed a heavy emphasis on the arts, architecture, and literature. Athenians also enjoyed a democratic(民主的)form of government in which some of the people shared power.
Life in Sparta was vastly different from life in Athens. The rulers requested citizens to become hardened soldiers so that they could fight off potential enemies or slave revolts(奴隶起义). By age seven，Spartan boys were taken from their families and underwent severe military training. Boys lived away from their families until the age of 30 even after they more married. Men were expected to be ready to serve in the army until they were 60 years old. The devotion of Spartans to developing a military state left litte time for the arts or literature.
The differences between Athens and Sparta eventually led to war between the two city-states. Sparta and Athens fought on and off for decades because no single city-state was strong enough to defeat the other.
With war came death and misfortune. But war cannot kill ideas. Despite the eventual submission of Athens, Athenian thought spread throughout the region. After temporary setbacks. these ideas only became more widely accepted and developed with the passing centuries.
1. How did geography affect ancient Greece?| A．Access to water led to independent cities. |
| B．The mountains led to distinctive city-states. |
| C．The mountains facilitated natural exploration. |
| D．Access to water allowed cities to communicate easily. |
| A．A people ready to fight. | B．A commitment to the arts. |
| C．A ruler exercising political power. | D．An emphasis on the beauty of the city. |
| A．Strict and violent. | B．Calm and peaceful. |
| C．Intellectual and educated. | D．Chaotic and uncontrollable. |
| A．Athenians lost the war and their culture. |
| B．Spartans achieved victory in an injustice manner. |
| C．Athenians failed militarily but their ideas spread. |
| D．Spartans won and forced Athenians into slavery |
7 . About a quarter of the world drives on the left, and the countries that do so are mostly old British colonies (殖民地) like Australia, and Ireland. But Thailand, Indonesia and Japan have also developed this habit.
This strange phenomenon puzzles the rest of the world; however, there is a perfectly good reason. Up to the late 1700s, everybody travelled on the left side of the road because it was the sensible option for violent, feudal (封建的) societies of mostly right-handed people. Soldiers with their swords under their right arms naturally passed on each other’s right, and if you passed a stranger on the road, you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between you and him.
Revolutionary France, however, got rid of this practice as part of its sweeping social rethink, and thanks to Napoleon, this change was carried out all over continental Europe. Since he was left-handed, his armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent. From then on, any country colonized by the French took to driving on the right.
After the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cut all remaining links to its British colonial past. Once America became the center of the car industry, if you wanted a good reliable vehicle, you bought an American car with right-hand drive. From then on, many countries changed out of necessity.
Today, the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe, but this would cost billions of pounds to change everything round. The last European country to convert to driving on the right was Sweden in 1967. This ironically caused a reduction in car accidents because everyone drove carefully while getting used to the new system.
1. Why did people travel on the left before the late 18th century?| A．They were required to do so. | B．They were mostly left-landed. |
| C．It was easier to cross the street. | D．They could feel safer from attacks. |
| A．Supportive. | B．unconcerned | C．Doubtful. | D．Disagreeing. |
| A．the connection with France was broken |
| B．the US was no longer ruled by the UK |
| C．the American Revolution War had ended |
| D．America was the center of the car industry |
| A．It would cost too much to change. | B．Its increasing traffic accidents. |
| C．Its influence on the colonies. | D．Its fast-developing car industry. |
1.人物简介及事迹；
2.对你的启示。
要求：1.词数不少于80词；
2.开头、结尾已给出，不算入词数内。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Located in Wuhan City as a landmark (地标), the Yellow Crane Tower has
During the Tang Dynasty, many popular poems were written in praise of the Yellow Crane Tower.
The Yellow Crane Tower had different architectural features in different dynasties. However, the tower
On top of the tower, visitors are treated to a fantastic view of the Yangtze River, its bridge and the
Enjoying the fame (名声) of “The First Scenery under Heaven”, the Yellow Crane Tower is one of the most famous towers south of the Yangtze River.
1. Where is the line painted on ships?
| A．At the bottom. | B．On the side. | C．At the top. |
| A．It became law in the 18th century. |
| B．It was named after a 12th century lawmaker. |
| C．The water level can’t go above the line for the safety of the ships. |
| A．To introduce. | B．To advise. | C．To inspire. |
