1 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Who first developed plastic on a large scale?

A．A Frenchman.

B．An Englishman.

C．An American

2. What was the advantage of plastic collars?

A．They didn't wear out easily.

B．They were easy to wash.

C．They were comfortable.

3. Why were the plastic toys a good choice for some mothers?

A．They were colorful.

B．They were cheap.

C．They were light in weight.

4. What does the speaker talk about at the end?

A．The popularity of plastic.

B．Different ways of using plastic.

C．The harmful side of plastic.

5 . History’s first empire rose out of a hot, dry landscape, without rainfall for crops, without trees or stones for building. In spite of all this, its people built the world’s first cities, with monumental architecture and large populations — and they built them _______ out of mud.

Sumer _______ the southern part of modern Iraq in the region called Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia means “between two rivers” — the Tigris and the Euphrates. Around 5000 BCE, early Sumerians used channels and dams to _______ river water and farm large areas of previously _______ land. Agricultural communities like this were slowly _______ in Mesopotamia.

But Sumerians were the first to take the _______ step. Using _______ made from river mud, they began to build multi-storied homes and temples. Those clay bricks gave rise to the world’s first _______, like Uruk, Ur, and Eridu, probably around 4500 BCE.

The Sumerians created the first _______ system, designed to teach the ability of writing. In the schools, people studied from dawn to dusk, from __________ well into adulthood. They __________ accounting, mathematics, and copied works of literature.

But by the third millennium (千年) BCE, Sumer was no longer the __________ empire around, or even in Mesopotamia. Waves of nomadic (游牧) tribes poured into the __________ from the north and east. In 2300 BCE, the Sumerian Empire was conquered and __________.

Afterward, Sumer disappeared back into the desert dirt, not to be __________ until the 19th century.

1.

A．permanently

B．quickly

C．patiently

D．entirely

2.

A．occupied

B．destroyed

C．lost

D．attacked

3.

A．separate

B．interrupt

C．redirect

D．freeze

4.

A．dry

B．royal

C．awesome

D．rich

5.

A．wearing down

B．springing up

C．rising up

D．breaking down

6.

A．next

B．last

C．slow

D．same

7.

A．equipment

B．basins

C．walls

D．bricks

8.

A．emperors

B．universities

C．cities

D．palaces

9.

A．law

B．school

C．construction

D．labour

10.

A．society

B．childhood

C．community

D．parenthood

11.

A．invented

B．dismissed

C．learned

D．preserved

12.

A．only

B．safe

C．weak

D．reliable

13.

A．region

B．center

C．river

D．farm

14.

A．strengthened

B．saved

C．surrounded

D．overturned

15.

A．rebuilt

B．relocated

C．rediscovered

D．reunited

6 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The problem with     1     (learn) history by key dates and moments is that it gives us a spotlit view of the past — bright stars of major events twinkling against a giant — but dark and mysterious night sky of history.     2     a result, we lose the sense of the context of major events, and the ways in     3     our history — and our world — have been, and still are, connected.

So we set out to find out     4     was happening elsewhere on October 14, 1066 as the Battle of Hastings was raging.

The Norman knights were also expanding into Sicily and mainland Italy, while the migration of Seljuk Turks from Central Asia was about to threaten the Byzantine Empire,     5     (eventual) leading to the call for the First Crusade.

But my     6     (favor) moment in 1066 is from China, where Sima Guang began writing his monumental history of China,     7     (know) as the Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government.

Frances Wood, a former head of the Chinese section at the British Library     8     (dig) out an early manuscript of this work. Wood explained how this history     9     (suppose) to be of use to those in charge — by setting in context the     10     (decide) made by China’s leaders in centuries past (403B. C. -207B. C. ) and by analyzing the moral virtues of their actions.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chang Yu Wine Company, the largest and oldest wine producer in China,     1     (locate) near the port of Yantai in Shandong Province. It was established by Zhang Bishi, an extraordinary industrialist considered as one of the wealthiest self-made     2     (figure) of the time.

Bishi initially imported 2000 vines (葡萄藤) from America, which were     3     (entire) unused to the new environment and died. Once more, 640,000 vines were imported from Europe with 30 percent of vines surviving. Three years later, wild grapes were then source d from northeast China and transplanted onto the European rootstocks. They successfully     4     (bear) fruit.

In 1905, Changyu completed     5     was then Asia’s largest underground wine cellar (酒窖), and later opened for business. In 1915, Changyu’s brandy rose wine won four gold medals at the Panama Pacific International Exposition,     6     (gain) the first international recognition of Chinese wine.

Devoted to continuous trial and     7     (innovate), Changyu’s founder managed to develop a greater variety of grape — Cabernet Gernischt in 1931, which remains China’s only internationally     8     (recognize) variety of grape for wine production.

Later, using Cabernet Gernischt as the main material, Changyu produced a red wine with a totally different flavor.     9     (give) it a stylish name, then Changyu manager created a translation of cabernet — Jie Bay Na, drawing on the Chinese proverb “All rivers flow into the sea”. Since 1937, Changyu has been using “cabernet”     10     a registered trademark.

Today ChangYu Wine Company, with its wine well received both at home and abroad, is moving ahead for a better future.

8 . Born in Wales in 1950, Martin Lockley was a pioneer in the study of the dinosaur tracks and footprints preserved in rocks around the world. His work helped his fellow paleontologists (古生物学家) understand what the footprints can tell us about dinosaurs and the world that they lived in.

The footprints and tracks left behind by dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals are called trace fossils (痕迹化石). They can offer clues to how quickly an animal walked or ran and even what their skin may have looked like. Compared with the body fossils of bones and teeth, trace fossils contain evidence of the interactions that the animals had with their environment and can describe what the physical environment may have looked like. They offer a more reliable way to imagine the speed of a dinosaur than analyzing the bones.

Lockley’s mother and father were nature lovers. Lockley loved to observe nature. His father inspired him to “just go out and observe and trust your observations”, which proved important in Lockley’s launching his future career in dinosaur research. He took that advice with him to Gunnison, southwest of Denver, the United States. While North America is home to some of the largest number of fossil footprints in the world, Lockley’s work with prints and his father’s words took him far and wide. He explored fossil and track sites in China, South Korea, Spain and the United Kingdom.

In addition to finding the tracks, Lockley devoted time and energy to preserving these important parts of the fossil record. This includes guiding the politics needed to create UNESCO world heritage sites so that future generations wouldn’t lose out on these precious relics of the past.

1. What can we know about trace fossils?

A．They can reflect the then environment.

B．They are mainly left by some larger animals.

C．They can be easier to preserve than teeth fossils.

D．They are as accurate as bone fossils in analyzing animals’ speed.

2. What contributes to Lockley’s beginning his career in dinosaur tracks?

A．His family’s tradition.

B．His father’s encouragement.

C．His love for dinosaurs and their footprints.

D．His desire to find the largest dinosaur track site.

3. What did Lockley do besides his professional research?

A．He explored places of interest around the world.

B．He guided fellow paleontologists in their work.

C．He conserved and promoted dinosaur track sites.

D．He educated the next generation of track hunters.

4. Which can best describe Lockley’s work?

A．Dangerous.

B．Time-consuming.

C．Far-reaching.

D．Demanding.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In the beginning, western people use letters of the alphabet (字母表)     1     (write). People who write in Chinese, however, use characters that stand for words or ideas. Historians believed Chinese writing began as early as 1500 BC. The     2     (early) forms were called “Oracle Bone Inscriptions (甲骨文)”. These were animal bones marked with pictures. Besides writing on bones,     3     (mark) on turtle shells was also a way for ancient to record.

By 1400 BC, the Chinese writing system had become more complex.     4     number of its characters was over 2,500. Around 200 BC, almost everyone used the same characters. Even today some modern Chinese characters are similar to     5     (that) from 2,000 years ago. For example, the character that     6     (mean) man in the Lishu system from 200BC is similar to the character from the Jiantizi     7     is used today.

People     8     (make) efforts to change Chinese characters over the centuries. The most important changes happened in the twentieth century. The Chinese government made many characters simple     9     that more people could learn to read. This simpler system is used in most parts of China. with these changes, Chinese writing from 2,200 years ago is still understood today. Many foreigners are interested in     10     (we) Chinese characters.