3 . 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Over 2,200 years ago, Emperor Qin Shihuang, the first Emperor in Chinese history, established the official Chinese writing characters. The new, simplified characters made writing calligraphy (书法)    1    (complex). It allowed people to use characters with more straight strokes, thus    2    (make) it easier to write with brushes. This    3    (create) the Li genre(体裁). Over time, other variations were also developed,     4    eventually led to the formation of the five genres in Chinese calligraphy. As    5    result, calligraphy became    6    (wide) accepted. Calligraphy also had its practical values because it was a good way to make friends and was more presentable as a gift rather than jewelry or money. Does calligraphy still have these practical functions now? Yes. Many people practice calligraphy as a way    7    (raise) their cultural accomplishment. Older people use calligraphic writing as a method to keep fit. They believe that when a person concentrates on    8    (write) calligraphy, his inner wellbeing (幸福) is inspired. I had thought computer would lead to the    9    (disappear) of Chinese calligraphy. Now I understand that’s not likely to happen. How can you give your boss computer­printed calligraphy as a gift? You don’t,    10    you want him to fire you!

4 . 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Aspirin, invented in 1897, has its    1     (original) in a kind of tea    2    (possess) a chemical to relieve pains and fever and has the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks by improving the     3     (circulate) of blood. It was in 1899 that it was tried out    4    patients. In 1900, aspirin took the shape of tablets, becoming the best selling medicine.

More effects of aspirin were discovered, such as reducing the risk of cancer, avoiding strokes,     5    (extend) people's lives and aiding people with diabetes.

Penicillin, discovered by Alexander Flemming in 1928, is considered to be the most vital medicine in contemporary society. It can    6    ( apply ) to the treatment of illnesses caused by bacteria. It was not until 1940 when penicillin was made pure enough to work as a medicine    7     it     8     ( produce) in large quantities, which led to its wide distribution in World War II with the acceleration of the government's approval. Thus many lives who    9     (die) were saved.

Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to the scientists devoted to the    10    (apply) of penicillin.

5 . In Europe many people died during the Second World War. As a result, at the end of the war there were many orphans (孤儿) there. A man called Hermann Gmeiner wanted to help these children. His idea was simple. He wanted orphans to have a home, and he wanted them to have the care and kindness of parents. Gmeiner asked people to give him some money. With this money he built the first SOS Children's Village at Imst, in Austria. It opened in1949. This is how the SOS stand for “Save Our Souls.” This means, “Please help us!” An SOS Children’ village gives help to orphans. Hermann Gmeiner’s idea for helping orphans soon spread all over the world. By 1983 there were 170 SOS Children's Villages in the world. People in many countries give money to help the villages.

Today the children from the first village have grown up. Now some of them work in other SOS Children’s Villages. In SOS Villages orphans live in family groups. There are several houses in each village. The biggest village has 40 or 50 houses! Between seven and ten children live in a house. A woman lives with each group of children and looks after them. She gives the children a lot of love and kindness. She cooks meals for them and makes comfortable, happy home for them.

Of course, the children don’t spend all their time in the village. They go to school; they go out with their friends. But the village gives them a home—sometimes for the first time in their lives.

1. The SOS Children’s Villages are built for________ first.

A．the children who are poor	B．the orphans in Europe
C．the kind women	D．people who died in the war.

2. We can conclude from the article that the money for helping the SOS Villages mainly comes from ________ .

A．governments	B．special organization
C．people in different countries	D．the orphans themselves

3. Which of the following is NOT the work a woman in an SOS Village does for each group of children?

A．She lives with the children and looks after them.

B．She gives the children a lot of love and kindness.

C．She cooks meals for children.

D．She teaches the children how to use the computer.

6 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea,     1     Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might     2     (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal     3     (create) special designs.

The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots,     4     (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time,     5     the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.

Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which     6    (gradual) turned into chopsticks.

Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,     7     lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the     8     (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and     9     (be) too violent for use at the table.

Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat     10     their hands.