The Confucian Analects or The Analects (论语) is a collection of the sayings and teachings of Confucius and his disciples (门徒). It     1     (make) in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after the death of Confucius, from the notes that his disciples took according to the answers     2     their questions.

The present-day analects is based on the Lu version compiled during the Han Dynasty and contains     3     Confucian concept of ren or humanity or benevolence. Ren is rich in content, and varied in form. The core of the concept is “The benevolent love of others” or universal love,     4     is the basic virtue of a gentleman of noble character. Confucius believes that being benevolent does not mean     5     (be) without principles. One should be clear about what     6     (love) or hate. Ren comes from learning and self-cultivation: it can be seen from a person’s appearance. To be sure, li or rites and yue or music are important.     7    , ren is the No.1 principle of being a decent man. It is actually the essence of li and yue. Without ren, li or yue would be     8     (meaning).

Apart from ren, Confucius put forward another concept, which is yi or righteousness. Yi is the codes of conduct under the     9     (guide) of ren, “The virtuous man cherishes a respect for the law,    10     the vile (邪恶的) man cherishes generous treatment,.”

The United Kingdom has     1     long and interesting history to explore,     2     can help you understand much more about the county and    3    (it) traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will     4    (surround) by evidence of four different groups of people    5    (take) over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great    6    (achieve) included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language,     7    changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK.The last group were the Normans.They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles     8    (build) all around England, and made changes to the     9    (legally) system. The Normans were French , so many French words     10    (slow) entered into the English language.

The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England - many people are confused by    1    these different names mean. From the 16th to 19th century, Wales, Scotland and the Kingdom of Ireland     2     (join) one by one to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In the20th century, the southern part of Ireland     3     (break) away from the UK, which resulted     4    the full name today. However, most people just use the     5     (shorten) name: the UK. The four countries work together in some areas, but they also have some     6     (different). There were four sets of invaders. They had castles     7     (build) all around England. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more     8     (enjoy). The capital city London is     9     ancient port city that has a history     10     (date) back to Roman times.

The Chinatown in San Francisco is the     1     (big) in America, and also the oldest. The climate is mild all year round,     2     (mean) it is always a good time to visit. Now, the majority of residents in Chinatown     3     (be) still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English     4     (fluent). This allows visitors     5     (experience) a real taste of China. Visitors can spend hours just     6     (explore) the interesting sights, smells, and sounds of China. The stores in the Chinatown offer     7     unique range of souvenirs, goods, and clothing. All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found, too. And there are Chinese tea stores,     8     visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. But perhaps what many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is     9     (it) food. There is Chinese food to suit everyone’s taste, with traditional     10     (dish) from all over China.