1 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Abraham Lincoln's position on slavery is one of     1     most discussed aspects of his life. Starting in 1831, a growing group of abolitionists(废奴主义者) called for total, immediate abolition of slavery. Lincoln never called for this, and focused instead     2     the less politically     3     (challenge) goal of preventing the     4     (create) of new slave states. Lincoln's activism on that issue started in reaction to the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act,     5     (design) by his great rival(对手) Stephen A.Douglas. The Act allowed the settlers     6     (decide) on slavery in their territory. 

Lincoln, with partial compensation to owners, did end slavery in the District of Columbia in 1862.During 1861—1862 Lincoln tried unsuccessfully to get Kentucky and Maryland to do likewise. He     7     (repeated)stated that his goal was the preservation (保护) of the Union, not ending slavery in the states     8     it existed.  

On January 1, 1863, Lincoln used his role as commander-in-chief to issue The Emancipation Proclamation. It made all     9     (slave) in Confederate areas forever free under the U.S. law as soon as the U.S. army reached them—and it reached all of them by 1865. Final abolition in the border states     10     (achieve)later that year.

4 . The Winter Olympics is also called the White Olympics. At this time, many colorful stamps are published to mark the great Games. The first stamps marking the opening came out on January 25, 1932 in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics. From then on, publishing stamps during the White Olympics has been a rule.

During the 4th Winter Olympic Games a group of stamps were published in Germany in November 1936. The five rings of Olympics were drawn on the front of the sportswear. It was the first time that the rings appeared on the stamps of the White Olympics.

In the 1950’s, the stamps of this kind became more colorful. When the White Olympics came, the host countries as well as the non­host countries published stamps to mark those Games. China also published four stamps in February 1980, when the Chinese sportsmen began to take part in the White Olympics.

Japan is an Asian country that has ever held the White Olympics. Altogether 14,500 million stamps were sold to raise money for this sports meet.

Different kinds of sports were drawn on these small stamps. People can enjoy the beauty of the wonderful movements of some sportsmen.

1. The Winter Olympics is held once ________.

A．every two years	B．every three years
C．every four years	D．every five years

2. What may appear on the stamps of the Winter Olympics?

A．Basketball.	B．Table tennis.
C．Football.	D．Skating.

3. The world made it a rule to publish stamps to the great world Games ________.

A．after the year 1936

B．after the 3rd White Olympics

C．before the 3rd White Olympics

D．before the year 1932

5 . People need to relax and enjoy themselves. One way they can have a good time is to watch a baseball game or another sports event. Even thousands of years ago, groups of people gathered to watch skilled athletes.

   

Over 2,000 years ago in Greece, certain days in the year were festival days. These were holidays when people stopped work and enjoyed themselves. They liked to watch athletes take part in races and other games of skill.

The most important festival was held every four years at the town of Olympia. It was held in honour of the Greek god Zeus. For five days, athletes from all parts of the Greek world took part in the Olympic Games. At the Olympic Games, people could watch them box, run, jump and so on. There was a relay race between two teams of men in which a lighted torch (火炬) was passed from runner to runner. The Olympic Games were thought to be so important that cities which were at war with one another had to stop fighting. People were allowed to travel to the games freely. Thousands of people came to Olympia from cities in Greece and from its colonies (殖民地) in Africa, Asia and Italy. They met as friends to cheer their favourite athletes and to enjoy themselves.

1. What happened in Greece over 2,000 years ago?

A．People stopped work and enjoyed themselves.

B．The cities there were often against one another.

C．People watched baseball games.

D．People didn’t go to any games at all.

2. What did people do at the games?

A．They fought.

B．They just talked to friends.

C．They cheered for good athletes.

D．They tried to find friends.

3. Greek cities then were fighting so they ________.

A．were weak

B．were strong

C．couldn’t go to other cities freely

D．could see each other

6 . It’s been 150 years this summer since building work was completed on the Houses of Parliament in Westminster, London. When it was completed, Tsar Nicholas I, the ruler of Russia, called it “a dream in stone”.

Important buildings have been built on this site for more than 1, 000 years. In the early 8th century, a church was built that became known as the West Minster. In the 11th century it was the location of a royal residence (王室宅邸). This was the first Palace of Westminster. The first official Parliament met there in 1295. Work on the palace continued until 1834, when the building was destroyed by fire.

In 1835, the architect Charles Barry was picked to design the Parliament building in a style known as “Gothic Revival”. Another architect, Augustus Pugin, helped with the inner part. The work overran and the costs rose to three times more than planned. According to one historian it cost £2.3 million — which in today’s money is more than £4 billion. It finally reopened in 1870.

The Houses of Parliament are once again considered to be a serious fire risk. Small fires broke out 40 times between 2008 and 2012 and a fire safety team has to be on site. A report in 2016 said that maintaining the building was like “trying to fill a bathtub with a thimble (顶针) while the water is flowing out of the plughole (排水孔) at the other end”. In 2018, Parliament held discussions over its restoration and decided that its members would have to move out of the building during its refurbishment (翻新).

The plan is for everyone to move out by 2025 when the restoration will begin. It is said that it will cost around £4 billion and be completed by the early 2030s. The plans include taking away all fire risks, restoring the stonework and repairing around 4,000 windows.

1. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

A．The West Minster was a popular place for tourists.

B．The site of the Parliament building is historic.

C．Building the Parliament building took a long time.

D．People had different reasons to build a palace in Westminster.

2. What can we learn about the Parliament building?

A．It cost less than expected.

B．It was completed on time.

C．It was being rebuilt for more than 30 years.

D．It was designed by Augustus Pugin alone.

3. What is the biggest problem the Houses of Parliament face now?

A．A great fire risk.

B．No safety team.

C．A shortage of money.

D．No restoration workers.

4. How is this text mainly developed?

A．By analyzing causes.

B．By giving descriptions.

C．By following time order.

D．By making comparisons.

7 . 语法填空

The Silk Road is in fact a     1    (relative) recent term. These ancient roads had no particular name until the mid-nineteenth century; Baron Ferdinand von Richthoften named the trade and communication network the Silk Road. Since then the term     2     (accept) globally.

In the nineteenth century, a new type of travellers stepped onto the Silk Road: archaeologists and geographers, enthusiastic explorers who were eager     3    (look) for adventure. Researchers who came from many countries travelled through the Taklamakan Desert,     4    is now in Xinjiang, to explore ancient sites along the Silk Road,     5    (lead) to many discoveries and studies, and most of all, a renewed interest     6     the history of these routes.

Today,many historic     7     (build) and monuments still stand, marking the passage of the Silk Road through hotels, ports and cities. What’s more, the long-standing legacy of this     8     (impress) network is reflected in a large number of cultures, languages, customs and religions that have developed for many years along these routes. The passage of merchants and travellers of many different nationalities resulted not only in commercial exchange,    9     in a widespread and continual process of cultural interaction. Obviously, it     10     (become) a driving force in the formation of diverse societies.

9 . Some people call it a traveling museum.Others refer to it as a living or open­air museum.Built in Brazil to honor Columbus’ first voyage to the New World, the Nina, a Columbus­era replica(复制品) ship, provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus’ favorite ship from over 500 years ago.

I joined the crew of the Nina in Gulf Shores，Alabama，in February 2013.As part of a research project sponsored by my university，my goal was to document my days aboard the ship in a blog.I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to school­age children.The field­trip tour of the Nina is hands­on learning at its best.In this setting，students could touch the line，pass around a ballast stone(压舱石)，and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus’ days.They soon came to understand the labor involved in sailing the ship back in his time.I was pleased to see the students become active participants in their learning process.

The Nina is not the only traveling museum that provides such field trips. A visit to Jamestown Settlement, for example, allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers from England to Virginia in the early 1600s. Historical guides, dressed in period costumes, give tours of the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery. These guides often portray a character that would have lived and worked during that time period.Students touring these ships are encouraged to interact with the guides in order to better understand the daily life in the past.

My experience on the Nina helps testify(证实) my long­held belief that students stay interested, ask better questions, and engage(参与)in higher­order thinking tasks when they are actively engaged in the learning process. The students who boarded the Nina came as passive learners.They left as bold explorers.

1. What occupation is the author engaged in?

A．Shipping.

B．Education.

C．Ecological tourism.

D．Museum administration.

2. Which of the following is TRUE about the Nina introduced in the passage?

A．She is a replica of a ship that Columbus built in Brazil.

B．She is always crowded with foreign tourists during holidays.

C．She is the boat Columbus sailed in his voyage to the New World.

D．She displays what Columbus’ ship was like and how it operated.

3. What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A．Guidelines for visitors on the ships.

B．Life of the first settlers in Jamestown Settlement.

C．Duties of the guides in the British museums.

D．Introduction to another museum similar to the Nina.

4. What does the author mean by the last two sentences of the passage?

A．The students are interested in becoming tour guides.

B．The experience has changed the students’ learning attitude.

C．The students become brave and are ready to sail the seas on their own.

D．The museums are successful in teaching the students survival skills at sea.

10 . Rome wasn't built in a day. And neither was the Roman subway system. Underground work is slow going, because construction workers often meet with frescoes(壁画) and other valuable stone foundations thousands of years ago. And a few years ago, they found the wooden foundations of a luxurious porch from a Roman building.

So local archaeologists called in Mauro Bernabei of the National Research Council of Italy. He's a dendrochronologist: someone who analyzes tree rings, which give age and environmental information.

"We have to study wood because it's full, really full, of information!" Bernabei and his team found that the wooden planks were oak(橡木). But the wood's origin was harder to determine. So they compared the tree rings in the oak floor to those available in libraries of tree rings that contain timber from all over Europe. And they found a match for the Roman wood—from the Jura region of eastern France, more than 600 miles away.

The researchers also determined that it was used in about 40 to 60 B.C. And some came from trees already up to 300 years old when they were cut down. The details are in the journal PLOS ONE.

The discovery is the first clear evidence of oak from north of the Alps being used to build ancient Rome. And it's a reminder that the Romans had a complex trading network. These trees, for example, likely floated down two rivers, across the Mediterranean and up another river to Rome.

Bernabei says Roman archaeologists usually destroy ancient wood—it's not as valuable as jewelry and vases and frescos. But he's hoping this study might change their minds."Save the wood, yes! And call me,if you don't want to save—please, call me!"He says.

1. Why does the subway in Rome go slowly?

A．It is hard to dig up the earth in Rome.

B．There are many ancient ruins buried here.

C．It is very dangerous to work too fast in Rome

D．The Roman are not experienced in building subways

2. What can people learn from the wood foundations?

A．The wealth in ancient Rome

B．The trading information of ancient Rome

C．The culture of ancient Rome

D．The social relations of ancient Rome

3. What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 refer to?

A．The stone	B．The subway
C．The French wood	D．The Roman foundation

4. What is the main idea of this passage?

A．Scientists found some information about ancient Rome

B．Wood was not as valuable as stones in ancient Rome

C．Only the rich people in ancient Rome could use wood

D．Ancient Rome could have a rich trading network.