Cold Food Festival is a
Legend has it that Chong’er, a prince of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, experienced many hardships while he moved around the warring states. Once, when the prince suffered from
Mianshan Mountain,
2 . “In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue” is how the children’s nursery rhyme begins. However, more than 90 years before the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria, a huge fleet of ships set sail from Nanjing. It was the first of a series of voyages that would, for a brief period, establish China as the leading power of the age. The voyage was led by Zheng He. In fact, some people think he was the original model for the legendary Sinbad the Sailor.
In 1371, Zheng He was born in what is now Yunnan Province to Muslim parents, who named him Ma Sanbao. When he was 11 years old, he was castrated and made to serve as a eunuch (宦官) in the imperial household. Ma befriended a prince who later became the Yong Le Emperor, one of the Ming Dynasty’s most distinguished. Brave, strong, intelligent and totally loyal, Ma won the trust of the prince who gave him a new name. Yong Le was an ambitious emperor who believed that China’s greatness would be increased with an “opendoor” policy regarding international trade and diplomacy. In 1405, he ordered Chinese ships to sail to the Indian Ocean, and put Zheng He in charge of the voyage. Zheng went on to lead seven expeditions in 28 years, visiting more than 40 countries.
Zheng’s fleet had more than 300 ships and 30,000 sailors. The largest vessels, 133meterlong “treasure ships”, had up to nine masts and could carry a thousand people. Along with a Han and Muslim crew, Zheng opened up trade routes in Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. The voyages helped expand foreign interest in Chinese goods such as silk and china. In addition, Zheng He brought foreign items back to China, including the first giraffe ever seen there. At the same time, the fleet’s obvious strength meant that the Emperor of China commanded respect and inspired fear all over Asia.
Though Zheng He died in 1433 and was probably buried at sea, a grave and small monument to him still exist in Jiangsu Province. Three years after Zheng He’s death, a new emperor banned the construction of oceangoing ships, and China’s brief era of naval expansion was over. Chinese policy turned inward, leaving the seas clear for the rising nations of Europe. Opinions vary on why this happened. Whatever the reason, conservative (保守的) forces gained the upper hand, and China’s potential for world domination was not realized. Records of Zheng He’s incredible voyages were burned. Not until the early 20th century did another fleet of comparable size take to the seas.
1. Why did Zheng He sail to the ocean?A.Zheng He befriended the Yong Le Emperor and won his trust. |
B.The emperor tried to increase China’s greatness by an “opendoor” policy. |
C.The voyages helped expand foreign interest in Chinese goods. |
D.Zheng He wanted to promote culture and religious visits with foreign countries. |
A.They established China as the leading power from then on. |
B.They spread diplomacy, established trade routes and returned with riches and foreign items never seen before in China. |
C.They provided pathways for religious communication between Han and Muslim crew. |
D.They speeded up the process of imperial reform of Ming Dynasty. |
A.Because the successive emperor banned the construction of oceangoing ships. |
B.Because the people of Ming Dynasty feared doing business with other rising nations of Europe. |
C.Because the imperial policy turned inward. |
D.No reason had been assigned in this passage. |
3 . British English and American English have many differences. The difference also exists in the letters of the alphabet (字母表). Or, more specifically (具体地), the last letter of the alphabet. Z is pronounced as “zed” in Britain while in America, it is pronounced as “zee”.
“Zee” showed up on the scene in modern English. Dr. Adam Crowley, an associate professor of English in Husson University’s College of Science and Humanities, suggests that the popularity of “zee” grew because it rhymes (押韵) with so many other letters, like B, C, and P.
After the Revolutionary War, Americans were trying to set up an identity separate from the British, and words and language played a big role in this.
And then, there’s The Alphabet Song. In the song, z is pronounced as “zee”.
A.“Zed” came first. |
B.Noah Webster led this movement. |
C.The pronunciation sounds foreign to Americans. |
D.But it’s not just the United Kingdom that uses “zed”. |
E.There’s no other letter that ends with the “-ed” sound. |
F.The song is so popular that it easily gets stuck in your head. |
G.In the United Kingdom, though, “zee” never really became popular. |
4 . A mile is a common unit of measurement for distance. We, at times, need to convert (转换) miles into other units of measurement. The most popular, of course, is converting to kilometres, when you want to convert something like MPH (miles per hour) to KMPH (kilometres per hour). Other popular units of conversion include feet, yards, and inches.
Long, long ago, when the Romans ruled over British lands, they used a measurement unit that was known as the “mille passuum”, which meant nothing but a thousand paces. This was measured by soldiers marching a thousand paces, or 5,000 Roman feet. By traditional standards, this measures out to be about 1,479 metres, or about 1,617 yards, and is today known as the Roman Mile.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, the British came up with their own system of measurement. In their system, they used a “furlong”,which was the distance a horse could travel pulling a plow before stopping for rest, to measure distances. 1 furlong was equal to about 660 feet, making the mile 8 furlongs.
These and other similar methods led to a varied measurement of the mile. This was solved,to some extent, with the adoption of the international yard and pound measurements, which were agreed upon by 6 countries. There were exactly 1,760 yards in a mile using this system. While the US follows the International Mile, they also use the US Survey Mile or the Statute Mile,which measures 1,609.347 219 metres, or about 3.2 mm longer than the International Mile.
The statute mile was defined by an English Act of Parliament during the time of Queen Elizabeth I. It states:“A Mile shall contain eight Furlongs, every Furlong forty Poles, and every Pole shall contain sixteen Foot and a half.” This also works out to be about 1,760 yards, 5280 feet, or 1,609 metres.
Besides these, there is the Metric Mile, which is used in sporting events where distance is to be measured, like track and field events. The Nautical Mile is a measurement used in sea and air travel.
1. In most cases, we need to convert miles into .A.inches | B.feet | C.yards | D.kilometres |
A.0.2958. | B.0.3234. | C.1479. | D.1617. |
A.The Roman Mile and the Statute Mile. |
B.The British Mile and the Metric Mile. |
C.The British Mile and the US Survey Mile. |
D.The Roman Mile and the International Mile. |
A.popular during the time of Queen Elizabeth I |
B.defined by an English Act of Parliament |
C.shared and adopted by six countries |
D.used by the entire Roman Empire |
5 . The Sanxingdui Museum in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province enjoyed huge popularity during the three-day Qingming Festival holiday, after the new archaeological discoveries brought international attention.
According to media reports, the museum saw over 15, 000 visitors on Saturday, the first day of the Qingming Festival holiday, breaking its record for daily visitors. And on the next day, more visitors flooded into the museum. To deal with the large flow of people, on Sunday afternoon, the official Weibo account of the Sanxingdui Museum recommended visitors to reschedule their visiting time and travel off-peak(非高峰期地).
The Sanxingdui Museum showcases various kinds of valuable cultural relics unearthed at the site. More than 500 important cultural relics have been unearthed in the six newly-found pits(深坑). Since the new discoveries were known to the public, the number of people visiting the Sanxingdui Museum has increased greatly.
The museum said the newly-found pits have not been unveiled yet and the newly-excavated cultural relics are still under repair and can’t meet the public at present. But a hall for cultural relic preservation and repair will be officially open on May 18. Visitors to it can see how the relics are repaired, according to Zhu Yarong, vice director of the Sanxingdui Museum.
Dating back about 3,000 years, the Sanxingdui Ruins site has been regarded as one of the most important archaeological discoveries in the 20th century.
1. What did the Sanxingdui Museum do to deal with too many visitors?A.It rescheduled its open time. |
B.It closed the newly-found pits. |
C.It opened an official Weibo account. |
D.It advised visitors to avoid rush hours. |
A.Opened. | B.Protected. | C.Ruined. | D.Tracked. |
A.The Development of the Sanxingdui Museum. |
B.The Cultural Relics of the Sanxingdui Ruins Site. |
C.The Sanxingdui Ruins Site Has Gained International Fame. |
D.New Discoveries Increase the Sanxingdui Museumˈs Popularity. |
A.An official. | B.A diary. |
C.A travel brochure. | D.A news report. |
Despite many ups and downs in its history, China is
The written Chinese could date back to several thousand years ago when a picture-based language
Written Chinese has also become
Today, as China plays a greater role in
7 . It took brave European explorers less than 300 years, between 1420 and 1713, to establish that all the seas of the world formed an enormous and continuous ocean. This discovery encouraged them to
It was probably the irresistible desire for wealth that
The most effective way of gaining wealth was through
A.sail | B.walk | C.fly | D.drive |
A.set back | B.set off | C.set up | D.set against |
A.the East | B.the Mediterranean | C.Europe | D.Italy |
A.inheriting | B.creating | C.saving | D.losing |
A.frequently | B.hardly | C.frankly | D.eventually |
A.recognize | B.risk | C.realize | D.foresee |
A.discouraged | B.praised | C.forced | D.inspired |
A.business | B.benefit | C.fame | D.rights |
A.trade | B.war | C.conquering | D.bargaining |
A.precious | B.rough | C.hard | D.smooth |
A.interest | B.efficiency | C.value | D.practice |
A.exported | B.imported | C.robbed | D.occupied |
A.soldiers | B.explorers | C.pioneers | D.merchants |
A.lost | B.won | C.possessed | D.envied |
A.disappointed | B.available | C.anxious | D.reluctant |
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, the attitudes to dirt are always changing.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, and washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. The king of England did something similar in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. France’s Henry IV was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief above was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbour ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家) , encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________As we all know, football is a popular sport in the world. It has
Not only
What’s more, people has regarded football as one of the best ways for people
When skateboarding (滑板运动) started in 1960s, skateboards
Although skateboarding was easy