1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

As archaeologists explored ancient tombs in Turfan in western China, they discovered some surprisingly well-preserved and hardened dumplings.

Exactly     1     invented dumplings remains a mystery. But some scholars suspect they were first spread around the ancient world by peoples living in western China and Central Asia more than 1,700 years ago.

Dumplings continued to take off and diversify in China over the next thousand years. Instead of the     2     (tradition) meat filling, some communities preferred vegetable dumplings. And because wheat was     3     (hard) to grow outside of northern China, those in other regions began making dumplings using rice and sweet potato. The relationship     4     Chinese dumplings and those in other areas is hard to trace, but food historians     5     (make) their best guesses based on available clues.

Turkic (突厥) tribes spread and     6     (eventual) established the Ottoman Empire around 1300 CE, bringing wrapped food west with them.

Some scholars believe that the Mongol Empire also helped dumplings go farther, perhaps     7     (introduce) them to parts of Eastern Europe. These dumplings could have come by way of China or directly from some of the Turkic peoples the Mongols hired to run their empire.

Later, after Chinese dumpling     8     (variety) were introduced to more countries, English speakers began calling them dumplings. The term is thought     9     (use) firstly in 16th century England to describe dough balls dropped in liquid. During the Second World War, Chinese “jiaozi” was brought to Japan,     10     it became known as “gyoza” and was more typically pan-fried.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chinese seal (印章) carving originated during the Shang Dynasty. In the beginning, the characters carved on seals were the same as     1     (that) used in writing, such as Xiaozhuan of the Qin Dynasty. However, with Chinese writing     2     (become) increasingly standardized and simplified, it became a tradition to use Xiaozhuan for seals.

In ancient times, seals were regarded as     3     guarantee of authenticity (真实性). Today, they are more of a sign of authority of a legal person     4     an artwork.

After the Qin Dynasty, materials for seals were     5     (strict)classified. Jade (玉) was only used for emperors, gold and silver for high-ranking     6     (office) and copper (铜) for the low ranks. Various types of stones were used from the Song Dynasty,       7     led to a boom for seal carving.

    8     (early), seal carving was accomplished only by workers. During the Song Dynasty, scholars and artists began to get involved in it. They combined seal carving with calligraphy and painting,       9     (make) this traditional art more popular in China.

To protect this artistic treasure, Chinese seal carving     10     (include) on the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The history of the Great Wall is said to start from the Spring and Autumn Periods. Many countries appeared at the same time. In order to protect    1    (they), they all built walls on the borders.

In 221BC, Emperor QinShihuang set up the first unified kingdom in Chinese history. He ordered the previous wall sections of different states be linked together and extended. The Great Wall of Qin seemed like a dragon,     2    runs from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east. Thus it     3    (name) “Wanli Changcheng”

In the Western Han Dynasty, the Huns(匈奴人) in the north became much     4    (powerful).The Han court started to build more walls in order to guard the frontier. The     5    (follow) dynasties all built their own walls     6     on a smaller scale than the walls in the Han Dynasty. The strong Tang Dynasty saw peace between the northern tribes and central China for a long time, so few Great Wall sections were built in this period.

The Ming Dynasty is the peak of wall building in Chinese history. The Ming suffered a lot by troubles from     7     (minor) tribes. The Ming court, from its first emperor to the last, endlessly built walls in the north.     8     made the country much safer in this period were those countless walls and watchtowers.

Owing to its long history, natural disasters and human activities, many parts of the Great Wall are badly damaged and disappearing. Being a world-famous engineering project and seeing the rise and fall     9    the Chinese history, the Great Wall needs to take immediate action    10    (protect) it.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Sunzi was a general, military strategist and thinker in the Spring and Autumn period, a time of constant warfare. His ingenious military strategies were recorded in a book     1    (entitle) Sunzi Bingfa. Written more than 2,000 years ago, this masterpiece is the world’s earliest existing book on military strategies and still remains     2    (value) to us today.

In his book, Sunzi attached great importance     3     war, believing it was vital to a country, which would determine the rise and fall of the country as well as the life and death of its people.     4    , Sunzi also argued leaders should think twice before starting a war, because war was costly and would result in loss of life and destruction of resources. Apart from these general guidelines on war, Sunzi put forward specific strategies for     5     (win) a war. For example, he argued that in order to win victories in war, people should know     6     (they) and their enemies well. Carrying out surprise attacks and making good use of such natural conditions     7     climate also played an important role in defeating enemies. Sunzi’s ideal of military strategy, however, was making enemies surrender without     8     (actual) fighting a war.

These military strategies are the fruits of ancient Chinese wisdom, with a far-reaching influence on China and the rest of the world,     9     goes beyond the military world to other areas like business and politics. Today, Sunzi Bingfa    10     (study) in military academies and business schools around the world, and it continues to guide us in various aspects of our lives.

6 . There’s a popular local saying that links orange carrots to the Dutch royal family. In the late 1500s, the Dutch were ruled by Spain. Then came William, Prince of Orange, who was largely credited as the country’s founding father. The republic was later abandoned in favor of a home-grown monarchy(君主制), which still exists today.

According to the story, Dutch farmers at that time began to develop and plant orange carrots as a mark of respect for William’s House of Orange. The carrots then grew in popularity and spread around the world to become the vegetable’s standard color. This is only an interesting story, but not true.

“Though the development and stabilization of the orange carrot root does appear to date from around that period in the Netherlands,” said John Stolarczyk, an expert at the World Carrot Museum, “there is no documentary evidence that the Dutch invented orange carrots to honor their royal family.”

Wild carrots started off as either white or pale yellow but changed to purple and yellow when people first raised the vegetable almost 5,000 years ago. These carrots were later divided into two main classes: the Asiatic group and the Western group. Yellow carrots in the Western group probably became more orange, which farmers then selectively planted. “There are documents in Spain that show the growing of orange carrots as far back as the 14th century”, Stolarczyk said.

Flash forward a couple of centuries and the Dutch were one of the main agricultural forces in Europe in the 16th century. This know-how allowed them to plant orange carrots in large numbers, which seemed to grow really well in the Netherlands’ mild, wet weather. “The orange variety grew very well in its climates and environments, better than purple and yellow carrots, and was more productive, stable, and reliable,” Stolarczyk said. Dutch businessmen then spread the orange produce across the continent.

“Orange carrots were later used by the Netherlands to strengthen the nation’s national color,” said Stolarczyk, “which could explain where the strange connection between William of Orange and the carrot comes from. But it seems that the carrot came first and the independent country second”.

1. Why did Dutch farmers plant orange carrots according to the story?

A．To spread the vegetable’s standard color.

B．To show respect for the Dutch royal family.

C．To experiment on different kinds of carrots.

D．To celebrate the independence of their country.

2. What can we know about orange carrots in Paragraph 3?

A．They go through a long and complicated process.

B．They are the main agricultural crop in the Netherlands.

C．They win great popularity among the Dutch royal family.

D．They may have nothing to do with the Dutch royal family.

3. What benefited the growth of orange carrots in the Netherlands?

A．The insufficient supply of food there.

B．The encouragement from the Dutch government.

C．The suitable and typical climate conditions there.

D．The promotion of orange carrots outside the country.

4. What might be the best title for the text?

A．Why are Dutch carrots orange?

B．How to have higher output of carrots?

C．How to make full use of orange carrots?

D．Why do Dutch people like eating carrots?

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Beijing is a city that straddles(跨越)the divide between the ancient and the modern. It is home     1     more than 3,000 years of fascinating history, and a place     2     fully embraces the fast-paced development of modern life, with high-rise 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with cultural relics of the past.

This integration of styles     3     (be) strikingly typical at Zhihua Temple, built in 1444 during the rule of emperor Zhengtong. Though much smaller now than at its peak of 20,000 square meters, the temple is a somewhat     4     (hide) treasure.

    5     (remarkable), the temple museum offers a collection of remains and statues. You might even forget you’re in the 2lst century, if not for the smooth curve of the modern Galaxy Soho building looming over the mythical beasts(神兽)seated on the ridges(屋脊)of the temple roofs.

Yet     6     they belong to completely different     7     (era),   appearances and purposes, they are both equally representative of this city. Seeing the two together is a perfect example of the idea of how respecting our history, while still     8     (look)to the future, can create a truly unique cityscape.

The development of this city, which is carefully designed     9     (protect)the past while embracing the modern world,    10     (mean)there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years and still not have scratched the surface, which is part of its beauty.

8 . Women were less likely than men to support the Vietnam war, the Gulf war, or the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. They commit far fewer murders. They are less likely to favor strikes. For some scholars, these are grounds for thinking that a world run by women would be more peaceful.

But European history suggests otherwise, according to political scientists Oeindrila Dube and S. P. Harish. They studied how often European rulers went to war between 1480 and 1913, and found that states ruled by queens were 27% more likely to get involved in wars than those ruled by kings.

This was not all the queens’ fault: men, seeing them as soft targets, tended to attack them. Frederick the Great of Prussia once declared: ”No woman should ever be allowed to govern anything.“ Shortly after becoming king, he attacked the newly crowned Archduchess of Austria, Maria Theresa, and seized Silesia province. Despite years of war, she never recovered it.

But perceived weakness is not the whole story. Queens, the researchers found, were more likely to gain new territory. Catherine the Great expanded her empire by some 200,000 square miles. And married queens were more aggressive than single queens or kings, whether single or married.

The authors suggest several reasons for this. First, married queens may have been able to form more military alliances(联盟),making them confident enough to pick fights. Their husbands had often served in the army before they married, and were well placed to strengthen military ties between their homelands and their wives’ states.

Second, unlike most kings, queens often gave their husbands a lot of power,putting them in charge of foreign policy or the economy. During the 1740s, Maria Theresa’s husband, Francis I, reformed the Austrian economy and raised money for the armed forces while his wife ruled much of central Europe. Prince Albert was Queen Victoria’s most trusted adviser, shaping her foreign policy until his death in1861. This division of labor, the authors suggest, freed up time for queens to pursue more aggressive policies.

The modern era, too, has witnessed female leaders in wars: Golda Meir and the Yom Kippur war, or Margaret Thatcher and the Falklands. The number of countries led by women has more than doubled since 2000, but there is plenty of room for improvement: the current level of 15 represents less than 10 % of the total. A world in which more women took power might be more equal. Whether it would be more peaceful is a different question.

1. The underlined “perceived weakness” in paragraph 4 means that________.

A．women were less likely to support wars

B．women could not recover lost territory

C．women commit far fewer crimes

D．women were soft targets

2. Why were married queens more likely to gain new territory?

A．Because their military alliances picked fights for them.

B．Because they were ambitious and aggressive by nature.

C．Because their husbands were supportive in state governing.

D．Because they centralized all power into their own hands.

3. What is the purpose of mentioning the two female leaders in the last paragraph?

A．To imply there is room for improvement in gender equality.

B．To indicate more females become leaders in modern times.

C．To illustrate female leaders cannot prevent wars in modern times.

D．To suggest female leaders have their share of wars in modern times.

4. According to the passage, we can safely conclude that________.

A．married women are not fit to govern their states on their own

B．female leaders should be responsible for all wars throughout history

C．the world wouldn’t be more peaceful even if more women took power

D．the division of labor allows queens to survive economic crisis

10 . The Shaanxi Archaeology (考古学) Museum, China’s first archaeological museum, is to be opened to the public soon in 2022.

The museum focuses on the results of archaeological research in Shaanxi Province over the past century and the more than 200, 000 cultural relics that have been unearthed, aiming to introduce Chinese history and the spirit of the Chinese nation to the world.

A total of 4,218 of the 5,215 cultural relics in the collection are on display. Pottery figurines (小雕像) from the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han from the Western Zhou Dynasty and the epitaph (碑文) of Yan Zhenqing from the Tang Dynasty will be presented to the public for the first time, according to a report from CCTV.

Sun Zhouyong, director of the museum, told the Global Times on Saturday that the museum focuses on the development of Chinese archaeology as its main thread, so all of the displayed cultural relics are introduced alongside the background of their unearthed sites so that the public can have a deeper understanding of the field of archaeology.

Media reported that many of the displayed relics have been restored and are being protected using new techniques and advanced technology. The museum includes sample rooms, an archaeological content center, and a public archaeological center that allows visitors to excavate their own objects using ancient techniques at the hand-on archaeological sites.

With advanced equipment and technical know-how, the Science and Technology Protection Center at the museum conducts research on the protection and restoration of cultural relics mainly unearthed in Shaanxi Province. Some working areas are open to the public, and tourists can see the restoration process of cultural relics through workshops so as to deepen their understanding of the cultural relic protection work.

1. What is the museum designed for?

A．Restoring the unearthed cultural relics.

B．Protecting the displayed cultural relics.

C．Displaying the collection of pottery figurines.

D．Promoting the history and spirit of Chinese nation.

2. What can we know about the displayed cultural relics?

A．They are displayed on their unearthed sites.

B．Tourists can use new techniques to restore them.

C．All of the cultural relics in collection are on display.

D．They tell us the development of Chinese archaeology.

3. What does the underlined word “excavate” in paragraph 5 mean?

A．Protect.	B．Carve.
C．Dig.	D．Restore.

4. What’s the text mainly about?

A．The introduction to a museum.

B．The importance of archaeology.

C．The protection of cultural relics.

D．The development of Chinese culture.