1 . A national park is an area set aside by a government for the preservation of the natural environment. The national parks in the United States and Canada center on the protection of both land and wildlife.     1     And those in Africa primarily protect animals.

It is widely thought that the idea of a park or nature reserve under state ownership started in the United States in 1870.     2     Yosemite, Sequoia, and General Grant National Parks were established in the United States in 1890. And the U. S. National Park Service (NPS)was created in 1916 to manage the parks.     3     In addition to national parks, the system included national preserves, seashores, historic parks and sites and so on.

Partly following the American example, movements supporting national parks sprang up in many other countries.     4     . And Canada set up its first three national parks in the mid-1880s. The establishment of modern national parks and nature reserves gained momentum (动力)only after World War I or, in some cases, after World War II in Europe. Great Britain established the administrative machinery for both national parks and nature reserves in 1949.     5    

But interest in parks came later in Asia and Latin America than it did in the Anglo-American countries and Europe.

A．These movements began in Canada.

B．George Catlin offered the idea during the 1830s.

C．Visitors are allowed to enter for different purposes.

D．Those in the United Kingdom center mainly on the land.

E．Japan and Mexico established their first national parks in the 1930s.

F．By the early 21st century the NPS managed more than 400 separate areas.

G．It is also thought that the world’s first such park was Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming.

2 . For archaeologists (考古学家) in Israel, eight prehistoric ostrich (鸵鸟) eggs-thought to be between 4,000 and 7,500 years old-proved as valuable as treasure when they were dis-covered near an ancient fire pit in the Negev, a desert region in the south of the country.

They were discovered during an archaeological excavation (挖掘) in the agricultural fields of Be’er Milka, the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) announced on Thursday. The eggs’ location suggests that they were collected by the prehistoric (史前的) desert nomads (游牧民) who used the campsite, according to a press release from IAA, and further lab analysis will provide more information about their uses and ages. Although the nomads did not build permanent structures at this site, the finding allows us to feel their presence in the desert. The campsites were covered by sand, keeping the eggs exceptionally well-preserved.

Ostriches were common in the region until they became extinct in the wild during the 19th century. Their eggs were beautifully decorated and were prized items during the Bronze and Iron Ages (青铜和铁器时代). As well as being used as decorative items, ostrich eggs were also used as a source of food. One ostrich egg has the nutritional value of about 25 normal chicken eggs.

While ostrich eggs are not uncommon in excavations, the bones of the large bird are not found. This may indicate that in the ancient world, people avoided dealing with the ostrich and were content with collecting their eggs.

1. What did archaeologists find in Israel?

A．Ostriches.

B．Burnt tools.

C．Ostrich eggs.

D．The bones of ostriches.

2. What protected the ostrich eggs well?

A．The trees.

B．The fire pit.

C．The campsites.

D．The sand.

3. Why did nomads collect ostrich eggs?

A．To provide shelter for them.

B．To protect agricultural fields.

C．To get food or decorations.

D．To do some research on them.

4. What can we learn from the text?

A．Ostrich eggs have high nutritional value.

B．Ostriches were found near an ancient fire pit.

C．People tended to hunt ostriches as food sources.

D．Ostriches were common in Israel in the 20th century.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Kites nowadays can be seen in parks throughout the world. But     1     is believed that the first kite was invented by the Chinese more than 2,000 years ago. In the beginning, the kites     2     (use) for military (军事的) purposes and defense. Since the Qing Dynasty, kites have been used mostly for     3     (entertain) and celebrations.

For a long time, kites were used only in China and nearby countries. Businessmen     4     visited China took kites to India, Korea and other parts of Asia. Marco Polo was the first person     5     (take) Chinese kites to Europe, after one of his famous trips to China in the 13th century. He was also one of the first     6     (author) who wrote about the kites,     7     (explain) to the Western audience how to use them. They spread from Europe to North and South America as well.

During the 20th century, kite flying festivals became very popular in China. Weifang, Shandong is considered the kite capital of the world and the Weifang International Kite Festival     8     (attract) many tourists from around the world.

Weifang is also home to     9     (famous) Kite Museum in the world. In the Weifang Kite Museum, it is possible to see     10     impressive collection of kites from all periods. Professionals are able to figure out the period just by examining the materials and decorations used.

4 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Wang Anshi （1021 - 1086）, a poet and reformer of Song Dynasty, is still remembered after a long period of time. This year marked the 1, 000th anniversary of Wang’s birthday. To commemorate the occasion, China Post    1    （issue）a collection of stamps in December（2021）.

When he was young, Wang became familiar    2    the hardships of the peasants. After he passed the imperial civil service exams and became     3     official, Wang wanted to change their conditions and initiated a series of reforms.

He implemented new laws to ease farmers’ burdens, loaned grain to farmers and allowed them to repay their debts after the autumn harvest. He attached great importance to    4    （train）talents in different fields, for example, in laws.     5    （unlucky）, these policies harmed the interests of the upper classes and his reforms eventually failed.

Wang’s     6    （brave） to innovate has inspired many people. The former Chinese Premier Wen: Jiabao- quoted Wang in his speech: A true reformer should fear neither strange astronomical    7    （phenomenon）nor comments.

US politician Henry A. Wallace had a book    8    （record）Wang’s reform policies. When the Unitech States faced sudden economic depression during the Roosevelt administration of the 1930s, Wallace applied Wang’s economic principles and helped the country get through the crisis successfully.

During his lifetime, Wang    9    （pen）more than 1, 000 poems. Often short and plainspoken, these poems contain profound topics,     10    won him wide acclaim（称赞）both at home and abroad.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In human history, many ancient and splendid civilizations were born and died. China is the only country with uninterrupted human civilization. Chinese civilization was born on both     1    (shore) of the Yellow River in 2800 BC. And the rich land     2     Chinese civilization began is Henan Province.

In the long history of Chinese civilization, we may feel that the unique Chinese characteristics are all around us and all within us,     3    (reflect)in Kungfu to a large extent.

Kungfu or martial arts can only     4    (master)through hard work and practice, which contains rich yet profound Chinese philosophy, whether in curing diseases and improving health,     5     in conquering the enemy and preventing conflict. Kungfu can even have an effect on the daily lives of Kungfu fighters.

All styles or schools of martial art originate from Shaolin Temple. So far, Shaolin Kungfu     6    (become)a window of Chinese culture to the world, which also turns Shaolin Temple into the most     7    (influence) “holy land” of martial arts in the world.

Chinese civilization     8     its thousands of years of history is just like an old man,     9    (remain)tough and intelligent. No matter what happens in the world, he is always standing there with a big smile and     10     inclusive attitude.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 2016, the first phase of the Digital Huang resource database went online. People from all over the world could enjoy high-quality     1     (image) and panoramic (全景的) tours of 30 caves on the Digital Huang website,     2     showed a totally new idea of cultural relics protection philosophy. This project was intended to pursue overall digitization, including the collection, processing and storage of the Magoo Grottoes and related cultural relics using     3     (advance) science and technology.

7 . About 5,300 years ago, people from the grasslands of modern-day Russia and Ukraine expanded rapidly across Eurasia. Within a few centuries these “Yamnaya” left a lasting genetic mark on populations from central Europe to the Caspian Sea. Today, archaeologists call them “eastern cowboys” for their livestock herding (畜牧) and highly mobile lifestyle.

But one part of the classic cowboy picture was missing: horseback riding. Although cattle bones and solid carriages have been found in Yamnaya sites, horse bones are hard to find, and most archaeologists assumed people did not start to ride horses until at least 1,000 years later.

In a new study published in Science Advances, researchers say they’ve found the earliest evidence of horseback riding not in the bones of ancient horses, but in their Yamnaya riders. “Everyone has focused on horse remains to get an idea of early horse riding,” says co-author and University of Helsinki archaeologist Volker Heyd. “Our approach was to look at humans.”

The researchers looked at more than 150 bones unearthed in Romania, Hungary, and Bulgaria — the western frontier of Yamnaya expansion. The Yamnaya were well-fed, healthy, and tall; the chemical composition of their bones showed protein rich diets consistent with herding cattle and sheep. But the bones showed signs of distinctive wear and tear. They also showed thick spots on the leg bone consistent with lots of time spent on the horse back. Healed injuries matched the kinds of damage a kicking horse might cause, or what sports medicine doctors today see in riders thrown from their horses.

“In terms of trying to identify people riding horses, I think they’ve done the best job possible bioarchaeologically,” says bioarchaeologist Jane Buikstra. “That doesn’t mean it’s perfect, or convincing, ultimately.”

More samples — including horse bones with signs of riding, such as bit marks or back bone damage from the weight of a rider — would help make the case, says CU bioarchaeologist Lauren Hosek. What the group has found “is really interesting”, she says. “But there’s a lot more work to be done when the risks of drawing the final conclusion are as high as the earliest horse riding.”

1. Why are the archaeologists looking for the horse bones?

A．To prove the Yamnaya’s rapid expansion.

B．To confirm the Yamnaya’s herding variety.

C．To further understand the lifestyle of Yamnaya.

D．To trace the origin of the classic cowboy picture.

2. How is Volker Heyd’s research different from others?

A．It includes field trips.	B．It focuses on human bones.
C．It is based on horse remains.	D．It compares the compositions of bones.

3. What do we know about the Yamnaya from Paragraph 4?

A．Their bones bore the evidence of horse riding.

B．Many Yamnaya people died from horse kicks.

C．Their lifestyle of herding led to severe injuries.

D．They mainly lived in Romania, Hungary and Bulgaria.

4. What is Lauren Hosek’s attitude to the research findings?

A．Objective.	B．Favorable.
C．Disapproving.	D．Unclear.

8 . These days, Fred’s huge skeleton (骨架) was exhibited in the Indiana State Museum. His tusks (长牙) were recently the subject of a research study tracing the life 13,000 years ago of mastodons, distant relatives of modern elephants.

By analyzing the chemicals in Fred’s tusks, a team of researchers was able to construct a detailed account of his seasonal migration patterns. Josh Miller, a paleoecologist (古生态学家) at the University of Cincinnati, is one of the researchers studying Fred. “He has beautifully preserved bones and tusks, which provides a great opportunity for our research,” Miller said.

Mastodons’ tusks generally grow in distinct layers, similar to the tree rings. As a result, the nutrients that build the layers of their tusks can tell us a lot about what they experienced. The team particularly focused their analysis on the variations in two elements in the layers: strontium (锶) and oxygen. The former is the key to understanding where Fred spent his life, while the latter tells us the season he was in any particular region. Then, with some statistical modeling, Miller and his team gained insight into the daily record of Fred’s behavior over ten thousand years ago.

The result indicated that when Fred was young, he would have grown a lot. But there’s a year when his growth is reduced — that’s when Miller’s analysis starts. “Probably like the modern male elephant, a male mastodon is just really obnoxious when growing up to be a bother and often arouses family members’ anger. At that point, the mom and aunts will essentially kick him out of the family”, Miller predicted.

After Fred set off to attend to himself, his tusks reflected where he traveled around. Based on analysis, every summer, Fred would return to mate in Northeastern Indiana, because around this time, his tusks started to show signs of injuries. When competing for mates, mastodons got into huge battles with their own natural weapons, sharp tusks. And that was exactly what brought the story of Fred to an untimely end.

1. What does Miller’s study mainly focus on?

A．Inner structure of Fred’s skeleton.	B．Possible tracks of Fred’s migration.
C．Research value of mastodon fossils.	D．Effective ways of tusk preservation.

2. How did researchers learn a mastodon’s behavior in ancient age?

A．By modeling data of special chemical elements.	B．By comparing his layers of tusks with rings of trees.
C．By conducting field researches in various regions.	D．By reviewing statistical records of previous studies.

3. What does the underlined word “obnoxious” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Mature.

B．Greedy.

C．Ambitious.

D．Annoying.

4. What can be inferred about Fred in the last paragraph?

A．He failed to live independently.	B．He reunited with his family later.
C．He got killed by opponents’ tusks.	D．He survived some natural disasters.

9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What did British scientists find about Stonehenge?

A．Why people built it.

B．Where some stones were from.

C．How people moved the stones.

2. What did the researchers do to the small piece of stone?

A．They kept it secret.

B．They used it to build structures.

C．They performed chemical testing.

3. What does the speaker mainly talk about?

A．A research on Stonehenge.

B．The secrets of Stonehenge.

C．The process of building Stonehenge.

10 . The days when art was an Olympic sport

Did you know that creating works of art used to be an Olympic competition?     1     In the first year, Walter Winans became the first and the only Olympian to win medals for both art and sports. Despite this seemingly optimistic start, the idea of the arts being included in the Olympic Games soon met with disinterest, finally resulting in the removal of the art competition from the Olympic Games.

    2    

The idea to include art in the Olympics came from Baron Pierre de Coubertin, who was the founder of the International Olympic Committee, which created the modern Olympics. Coubertin believed that the arts and sports were linked and was impressed by anyone who had a firm command of both a sport and an artistic discipline(项目).

Why aren’t the arts included in the Olympics today?

For starters, only amateurs were allowed to compete in the arts part of the Olympics.     3     Having artists of average quality competing while only the most competent athletes were allowed to compete created a dramatic divide and gave the impression that the arts were not as important as sports.

Secondly, works of art created had to have sports as the subject matter.     4     Limiting the subjects also contributed to making the arts part of the Olympic Games boring to the general public.

Finally, one of the biggest reasons was that the arts are subjective. Sports can be judged by time and distance, making it easy to determine who is the winner.     5     This difficulty in judging a definite winner resulted in the arts part becoming a non-competitive exhibition that ran for the duration of the Olympic Games.

A．Why was art made an Olympic discipline?

B．What is a discipline in the Olympic Games?

C．This rule made the objects produced seem really boring.

D．The arts, on the other hand, are not quite so easy to judge

E．However, the arts part of the Olympics Games was soon abandoned

F．This means that many famous artists were banned from participating.

G．For 36 years, from 1912 to 1948, artists participated in the Olympic Games.