The Chinese couplet (对联) refers to two poetic lines obeying certain rules, often
As a form of Chinese literature, the couplet
Chinese couplets originated in the Five Dynasties, and since then they
It was said that the
The couplet has two equal-length lines. However,
In China, the use and cultivation (种植) of green tea goes back thousands of years. While there is no precise way to know
Legend assigns the discovery of tea to mythological emperor Shennong, who is said
There is an instrument catching people’s heart with
The earliest piece of guqin in China, unearthed in Hubei Province in 2016,
The guqin was favored by the literati (文人学士)in ancient China. Of all the guqin musicians, the
4 . Dreams of world peace are as old as wars. But as the women of Wales were recovering from World War I, they demanded peace in droves.
Still sorrowing the husbands, sons, and loved ones who fought in the war, in 1923 the Welsh League of Nations United (WLNU) drafted a petition (请愿书) at Aberystwyth University calling for a warless world.
The petition was signed by roughly three quarters of all the women in Wales and was said to be seven miles long. The document was then packed in a large oak chest and sent across the Atlantic.
It was the WLNU’s hope that America would join in their mission for peace, and so they toured with the petition across the country before President Calvin Coolidge gave it to the Smithsonian for preservation.
As the centennial anniversary of World War I approached, a plaque was found in the archives at the Temple of Peace in Cardiff mentioning the petition, but nobody knew what it was, says Mererid Hopwood, chair of the Women’s Peace Petition Partnership.
So in 2017, an email was sent to the Smithsonian inquiring about the status and location of the chest and its petition.
Having arrived at the National Library of Wales on March 29 this year, Hopwood received it along with other members of the Peace Petition Partnership and described opening the chest and finally getting to see its contents (内容) as an emotional moment.
Hopwood is hoping more Welsh citizens will have similar experiences now that the petition has returned to its original home. The petition will be digitized, along with all signatures and addresses, so the public can view it online and see if their grandmothers or previous tenants of their homes signed 100 years ago.
Clearly the world has not yet achieved the petition’s great goals, but Hopwood said the signatures gave her hope.
1. What was the petition meant for?A.A thirst for peace. | B.An end to WWI. |
C.A fight for Wales. | D.A call for apology. |
A.Most Welsh signed on the petition. | B.Welsh asked for Americans’ help. |
C.Welsh women wished for peace. | D.Welsh women honored the war. |
A.She could lead the petition. | B.It would cause a big storm. |
C.Welsh could be free of wars. | D.Her hope for peace is on fire. |
5 . “A lot of early archaeology(考古学)was about finding things that are beautiful and museum-worthy,” says archaeologist Sarah Graff. Bits of broken artifacts or boring-looking items from the field of food preparation were sometimes thrown aside with the dirt that wasn’t being analyzed, she says, and scholars used to be more excited by the lives of kings. “They didn’t really think that things that had to do with domestic labor would have anything to do with politics or economics.”
But researchers are now finding more of those connections and trying to mine ancient pots to learn about the foods once prepared in them.
Biogeochemist Richard Evershed made his first identification of fat from foods in the walls of medieval(中世纪的)pots dating from 950 to 1450 at a site in England. With signs of fat, probably from making cheese, those pots are thought to have been used for baking bread. The scientists also discovered the leaf wax(蜡)of cabbage, which was likely cooked with meat. Consuming meat, cheese, butter and bread, the medieval peasants weren’t doing too badly, says archaeologist Julie Dunne, Evershed’s teammate.
Since 2014, some researchers have dived into experimental archaeology by cooking various recipes in store-bought pots. They used the same pot to cook the same recipe 50 times, and finally switched to a new recipe, cooking four meals. After a year, the pots’ outer layers held signs of all the recipes but contained more remaining parts of the last meals. But the fatty substances within the inner layers of the pots built up over many times of cooking, which left obvious proof of the former recipes. The latest cooking events, however, was not the case, as archeologist Melanie Miller and her teammates reported in 2020 in Scientific Reports.
Miller and her team will continue cooking their tasteless meals. Cooking is “one of the most common things that humans have across time and space,” she says. Food and food practices signify traditions, politics, status, identities, upbringings and more. Food preparation reveals much. “It’s a daily practice…usually representative of all these much larger questions about our place in the world.”
1. What does Graff say about early archaeologists?A.They realized the significance of domestic labor. |
B.They ignored cooking artifacts every now and then. |
C.They showed some interest in unimportant items. |
D.They studied pots with wrong analytical methods. |
A.They disliked eating vegetables. | B.They could not make bread. |
C.They had little milk to drink. | D.They might not be poor. |
A.Not all the recipes left clear signs within them. |
B.They had a lot of remaining parts from the latest cooking. |
C.More fatty substances from the last meals were contained. |
D.They displayed as much evidence as the outer layers did. |
A.It is difficult to know how ancient people cooked. |
B.Cooking reveals various aspects of human culture. |
C.Studying ancient pots helps improve modern people’s cooking. |
D.Food practices were very similar among different ancient groups. |
6 . Dreams of world peace are as old as wars. But as the women of Wales were recovering from World War I, they demanded peace in droves.
Still sorrowing the husbands, sons, and loved ones who fought in the war, in 1923 the Welsh League of Nations United (WLNU) drafted a petition (请愿书) at Aberystwyth University calling for a warless world.
The petition was signed by roughly three quarters of all the women in Wales and was said to be seven miles long. The document was then packed in a large oak chest and sent across the Atlantic.
It was the WLNU’s hope that America would join in their mission for peace, and so they toured with the petition across the country before President Calvin Coolidge gave it to the Smithsonian for preservation.
As the centennial anniversary of World War I approached, a plaque was found in the archives at the Temple of Peace in Cardiff mentioning the petition, but nobody knew what it was, says Mererid Hopwood, chair of the Women’s Peace Petition Partnership.
So in 2017, an email was sent to the Smithsonian inquiring about the status and location of the chest and its petition.
Having arrived at the National Library of Wales on March 29 this year, Hopwood received it along with other members of the Peace Petition Partnership and described opening the chest and finally getting to see its contents (内容) as an emotional moment.
Hopwood is hoping more Welsh citizens will have similar experiences now that the petition has returned to its original home. The petition will be digitized, along with all signatures and addresses, so the public can view it online and see if their grandmothers or previous tenants of their homes signed 100 years ago.
Clearly the world has not yet achieved the petition’s great goals, but Hopwood said the signatures gave her hope.
1. What was the petition meant for?A.A thirst for peace. | B.An end to WWI. |
C.A fight for Wales. | D.A call for apology. |
A.Most Welsh signed on the petition. | B.Welsh asked for Americans’ help. |
C.Welsh women wished for peace. | D.Welsh women honored the war. |
A.She could lead the petition. | B.Her hope for peace is on fire. |
C.Welsh could be free of wars. | D.It would cause a big storm. |
A.To memorise World War I. | B.To remind to value peace. |
C.To prove Welsh bravery. | D.To inform reappearance of a petition. |
7 . A small group of paleontologists (古生物学家) recently discovered 10 species of ancient mammals previously unknown to science with the help of an enormous number of helpers at their dig site: ants.
The study of ancient mammals sheds new light on the diversity of mammals that existed in North America around 33 million to 35 million years ago, when the climate was changing drastically. It also pays attention to the harvester ants, with which re-searchers have long had a love-hate relationship. “The ants are not fantastic when they’re biting you,” said Samantha Hopkins, a professor of Earth Sciences at the University of Oregon. “But I’ve got to appreciate them because they make my job a whole lot easier.”
Most species of harvester ants live in caves that sit beneath a small hill of dirt. They strengthen the dirt by cowering it with bits of rock and other tough materials. The ants have been known to travel over a hundred feet from their caves and to dig six feet deep in pursuit of materials that help secure their caves. The materials include fossils. Harvester ants can carry materials 10 times to 50 times the weight of their body, although they do not weigh very much, so the heaviest fossil they can collect weighs less than the average pill.
Given the size, harvester ant hills are hot spots for what scientists call fossils, which are animal fossils too small to see with-out a microscope. For over a century, scientists like Dr. Hopkins have found sediment (沉积物) off the sides of harvester ant hills in search of these fossils, making it easier to find large numbers of fossilized mammal teeth without spending hours in the field sifting through sand and dirt.
1. What is the purpose of the passage?A.To compare two different species. |
B.To provide evidence for discoveries. |
C.To introduce a kind of ant as a helper. |
D.To promote awareness of mammal protection. |
A.Climate change. | B.Ant numbers. |
C.Cave materials. | D.Dirt locations. |
A.beside. | B.besides. | C.upper. | D.below. |
A.Their caves are miles deep. |
B.Materials with fossils are their food. |
C.They can carry pills around. |
D.Fossils may be found around their hills. |
Kites, which were invented over 2,000 years ago in China, are believed to be
Currently, the Chinese kite-making technique
Today in Weifang, there are virtually no limitations on the shapes or sizes of kites, which can be made
The Grand Canal of China was first dug in 486 BC, and well developed through the late 6th to early 10th century. From the late 13th until 19th century, with the highest section built and the overall length
The Grand Canal was
The Grand Canal
10 . Around 7,000 B.C. (during the Neolithic period), some hunters and gatherers began to rely chiefly on agriculture for their life. Indeed, agriculture itself evolved over the course of time and Neolithic peoples had long known how to grow crops. The real transformation of human life occurred when huge numbers of people began to rely primarily and permanently on the grain they grew and the animals they domesticated.
Agriculture made possible a more stable and secure life. With it Neolithic peoples developed, starting an energetic, creative time. They were responsible for many fundamental inventions and innovations that the modern world takes for granted. First is systematic agriculture – the reliance of Neolithic peoples on agriculture as their primary, not merely additional, source of food.
Thus they developed the primary economic activity of the entire ancient world and the basis of all modern life. With the settled routine of Neolithic farmers came the evolution of towns and eventually cities. Neolithic farmers usually raised more food than they could consume, and their surpluses permitted larger, healthier populations. Population growth in turn created an even greater reliance on settled farming, as only systematic agriculture could sustain the increased numbers of people. Since surpluses of food could also be traded for other goods, the Neolithic time witnessed the beginnings of large-scale exchange of goods. With the increasing complexity of Neolithic societies, writing emerged with the need to keep records and later by the urge to record experiences, learning, and beliefs.
The change to settled life also had a deep impact on the family. The shared needs and pressures that encourage extended-family ties are less urgent in settled than in nomadic (游牧的) societies. Ties to the extended family weakened. In towns and cities, the nuclear family was more dependent on its immediate neighbors than on distant relatives.
1. The passage talks mainly about ____________.A.why many human societies depend on agriculture |
B.what changes agriculture brought to human life |
C.how Neolithic peoples discovered agriculture |
D.why the first agricultural societies failed |
A.move from one place to another |
B.exchange goods with others |
C.domesticate wild animals |
D.worry about their safety |
A.the amount of food they had to consume |
B.the more food they produced than needed |
C.the extent to which they relied on agriculture |
D.the increase in population agriculture brought about |
A.Family members began to work together to raise food |
B.Immediate neighbors often became family members |
C.The extended family became less important |
D.The nuclear family became self-sufficient |