1 . There is a popular saying in the English language: “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” Well, that is not true. Unkind words, name-calling or even the so-called “the silent treatment” can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so. A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm, the development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. Researcher Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults, aged 18 to 25. These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects.

The images showed that the people who reported suffering verbal abuse from peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers called the corpus callosum. This was the area that was underdeveloped.

The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period have the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of people had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study.

The researchers published their findings online on the American Journal of Psychiatry's website.

Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children.

1. Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning?

A．To show the power of words.

B．To introduce an opposite view.

C．To prove the author's argument.

D．To show ancient people's wisdom.

2. What did the people studied in the research have in common?

A．They were hurt by unkind words.

B．They performed poorly in imaging tests.

C．They had their brain slightly damaged.

D．They experienced no physical abuse at home.

3. What will be discussed in the next paragraph?

A．Comments on the findings.

B．Approaches to further studies.

C．Suggestions to parents.

D．Different opinions on the matter.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Unkind words hurt the brain.

B．Verbal violence should be stopped.

C．The way we speak matters.

D．Words are worse than sticks and stones.

2 . After her own experience using a service dog, Tabitha Bell understands how helpful a service dog is. Having learnt from her doctor that many people were unable to afford a service dog, Tabitha decided to start the organization Pawsitive Pawsibilities (Paws), which raises money to help people buy service dogs.

Amazing Kids (AK)：What has been the most difficult part of managing Paws?

Tabitha Bell(TB) ：It is always a struggle ( 难事) to come up with new and creative ways to raise money.

AK：What are the different ways that Paws raises money?

TB ：We have done dress competitions in my middle school and then my high school. I have done a benefit concert( 慈善音乐会) in my high school which I hope to continue in college. I put on my first

Super Paws 5k run in Utah and we are organizing our second for October in California. So we would love to have as much participation (参与) as we can get!

AK：How do you choose a puppy­owner match?

TB：After we have a meeting with the person who needs a dog, we send them to a dog trainer and let the trainer make the final decision. The person will discuss with the trainer what jobs the dog has to do and then the trainer will find a dog that he thinks will suit the owner.

AK：What are your plans for the future?

TB：This fall I'm going to be attending the University of California, Berkeley. I am hoping to use my skills I get to encourage others and lead Paws to reach hopefully the whole nation.

1. What can we learn about Tabitha Bell?

A．She is good at training dogs.

B．She depends on a service dog to live.

C．She was studying at university when starting Paws.

D．She started Paws because of her doctor's suggestion.

2. What does Tabitha Bell find most difficult when working with Paws?

A．Matching a dog with an owner.

B．Finding experienced dog trainers.

C．Reaching out for more people in need.

D．Working out good ways to collect money.

3. Who has the final say（发言权）on which dog to choose for a person?

A．The person's doctor.

B．The dog trainer.

C．The dog owner.

D．The manager of Paws.

3 . 阅读下面短文，回答文后的5个问题，并把答案写在答题卡上。每题答案不多于15词。

2018 Human Development Report

HDI: Human Development Index(人类发展指数)

[1] Looking back over almost three decades (十年), human beings have made impressive progress. Across the world, people are living longer, are more educated and have greater living chances. The average lifespan(寿命) is seven years longer than it was in 1990, and more than 130 countries have improved their primary education.

[2] Although HDI values are rising, the rising rates differ greatly. South Asia was the fastest growing region over 1990–2017, at 45.3 percent, followed by East Asia and the Pacific at 41.8 percent. And the OECD(经济合作与发展组织) countries grew 14.0 percent. It shows gaps(差距) across regions are hopefully to be reduced.

[3] But HDI growth has also slowed in all regions, particularly in the last decade. Part of the reason lies in the 2008–2009 global food, financial and economic problems. But part is simply that as human progress advances, slower HDI growth is unavoidable. As more countries reach the upper limits of HDI, measures of the quality of human development become more central.

[4] Progress since 1990 has not always been steady(稳定的). Some countries suffered great losses or even setbacks due to wars, diseases or economic problems. For example, many countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia saw their HDI values fall in the 1990s due to the fall of the Soviet Union(前苏联). Although faced with these challenges, countries in these regions recovered their losses and grew over the last two decades.

[5] In sum, there have been great advances in human development over the past few decades, especially in low human development countries since 1990. But some countries have suffered serious setbacks—sometimes paying the price of the gains of several decades. And the gaps in human development across countries, while narrowing, remain huge.

1. What’s the present situation of people according to 2018 Human Development Report?
2. The fact of different rising HDI rates gives us hope to ______.
3. Compared with the HDI growth, what is more important?
4. How do wars, diseases or economic problems affect human development?
5. Which paragraph is the topic paragraph?

4 . There’s no doubt that one of the greatest human achievements is the exploration of the space. Ever since astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to be sent into the orbit around the moon in 1961, scientists have been pushing the boundaries further and further. But until now the exploration into the unknown has been dominated (主导) by men.

Of course, in the past, women were also included in the space projects and played an active role on the ground and behind the scenes. For example, they worked as seamstresses (女裁缝师), sewing vital spaceflight components. In fact, many of NASA’s key works would never have been possible without them. Recently Hollywood produced a movie called Hidden Figures to focus on a group of American female mathematicians, especially the black women, who helped NASA send the first American into space. But this was not women’s only contribution. Back in 1963, Soviet astronaut Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to be sent into space. However, after that, space flight programs were slow to employ women. In the USA. NASA didn’t accept applications from women to become astronauts until 1978.

But attitudes have changed and leading officials at NASA say that the first person to set foot on Mars should be a woman. The space agency aims to have a sex-balanced workforce but can only achieve that if equal numbers of men and women are trained for science and technology jobs. As Allison McIntryre told the BBC, “My director is a woman. We have female astronauts. We haven’t put a woman on the moon yet. And I think that perhaps the first person to step on Mars should be a woman.”

1. What did Yuri Gagarin do in 1961?

A．He landed on the moon in success.

B．He discovered many new boundaries.

C．He led scientists to explore the moon.

D．He made the first journey into the space.

2. Why does the author mention the film Hidden Figures?

A．To show women are the true heroes of NASA’s first launch.

B．To stress that black people have won equal rights in NASA.

C．To prove women can do as well as men in NASA’ projects.

D．To present women’s contributions to NASA’s space programs.

3. What is Allison McIntryre’s attitude toward women astronauts?

A．Uncaring.	B．Disapproving.
C．Supportive.	D．Disappointed.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Will the First Person to Step on Mars Be a Woman?

B．Great Achievements Have Been Made in Space Exploration?

C．Why Men Played an Important Role in Exploring the Unknown?

D．Men and Women Have Made Equal Contributions to NASA’s Projects?

5 . If you use social media to chase away loneliness, a new study suggests you’re going against the gain.

We may have heard a lot about the benefits of interacting with others online, but the findings of a study conducted by University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine scientists show a direct relationship between social media usage and feelings of isolation (隔绝). In short, the more time you spend on social media, the lonelier you may feel.

With increased interaction on a large number of apps that allow for endless virtual connectivity, loneliness seems like the last problem frequent social media users would face, but according to the leader of the study Brain Primack, it has the exact opposite effect.

“Mental health problems and social isolation are at widespread levels among young adults nowadays,” Primack said, “We are naturally social creature, but modem life tends to separate us instead of bringing us together. While it may seem that social media presents opportunities to fill the social void (空隙), I think this study suggests that it may not be the solution people were hoping for.”

Primack and his team examined the social media habits of 1,787 U.S. adults aged 19 to 32 via a questionnaire that asked about the time and frequency they spent on the most popular social media platforms. Eventually, they determined that young adults who are constantly logging into social media reported more feelings of isolation than those with less social media usage. Frequent exposure to unrealistic descriptions on social media instead of face-to-face social interactions may give people the impression that others are living happier, more connected lives, and this may users feel more socially isolated in comparison.

1. What does the underlined phrase “going against the grain” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．Doing it all wrong.	B．On the way to success.
C．Taking a risk.	D．Making a difference.

2. How did Primack and his team conduct the study?

A．By providing explanations.	B．By collecting data online.
C．By doing a survey.	D．By describing their own experiences.

3. What can we learn from the study?

A．You will feel happier if you spend more time online.

B．Interaction online is not the solution to social isolation.

C．Virtual connectivity is best way to fill the social void.

D．Popular social media platforms can bring people together.

4. What does the text mainly tell us?

A．New study on social media usage has been published.

B．Face-to-face social interactions are on the way out.

C．Social media does users more harm than good.

D．Social media might make loneliness worse.

6 . Every week in China, millions of people will sit in front of their TVs watching teenagers compete for the title Character Hero, which is a Chinese­style spelling bee (拼写大赛). In this challenge, young competitors must write Chinese characters by hand. To prepare for the competition, the competitors usually spend months studying dictionaries.

Perhaps the show’s popularity should not be a surprise. Along with gunpowder and paper, many Chinese people consider the creation of Chinese calligraphy(书法) to be one of their primary contributions. Unfortunately, all over the country, Chinese people are forgetting how to write their own language without computerized help. Software on smart phones and computers allows users to type in the basic sound of the word using the Latin alphabet (字母). The correct character is chosen from a list. The result? It’s possible to recognize characters without remembering how to write them.

But there’s still hope for the paint brush. China’s Education Ministry wants children to spend more time learning how to write.

In one Beijing primary school we visited, students practice calligraphy every day inside a specially decorated classroom with traditional Chinese paintings hanging on the walls. Soft music plays as a group of six­year­olds dip brush pens into black ink. They look up at the blackboard often to study their teacher’s examples before carefully trying to reproduce those characters on thin rice paper. “If adults can survive without using handwriting, why bother to teach it now?” we ask the calligraphy teacher, Shen Bin. “The ability to write characters is part of Chinese tradition and culture,” she reasons. “Students must learn now so they don’t forget when they grow up.” says the teacher.

1. What can we learn about the Character Hero?

A．It draws great public attention across the country.

B．It’s the most­viewed TV programs in the world.

C．It means to spread Chinese culture to the world.

D．It’s open to people of all ages and all walks.

2. Why are Chinese people forgetting how to write the characters?

A．Chinese people don’t refer to dictionaries very often.

B．Chinese people no longer use brush pens or practice calligraphy.

C．Chinese people are using the Latin alphabet instead of the characters.

D．Chinese people needn’t write by hand as often with the help of technology.

3. According to Shen Bin, being able to write characters by hand is ________.

A．necessary for adults to survive in China

B．a requirement made by the Education Ministry

C．helpful to keep Chinese tradition and culture alive

D．an ability to be developed only when you are students

7 . Developing healthy eating habits starts from childhood，therefore it is important for parents to teach and provide children with a healthy diet．DPHSS administrator of the Bureau of Nutrition Services，Charlie Morris told KUAM News，"A healthy diet for a child consists of a lot of fruits and vegetables in the diet limiting the amount of simple sugars in the diet and high fat food and highly processed(加工的) food．"

This means staying away as much as possible from food such as chips，cookies，candies and sugary drinks，as all children need to have meals which involve a well-balanced diet．Community nutritionist(营养学家) Thelma Romoso said，"The fruit，the vegetable，the grain，the protein，and also the milk，the diary product，so for the fruits it's easy for a mother to go into the two plus three concept of fruits and vegetables or five a day．"

This concept means that there are at least two servings of fruits a day，three servings of vegetables a day which can be served for lunch and dinner．As for protein parents can make a variety of dishes from chicken，beef，fish or even dried beans to make sure the child gets three servings a day．

Morris said that the child's hunger level controls how much is eaten and the parent controls what and when the meal is offered，saying，"Mom needs to ensure that the food offered is good food for the child to eat and throughout the day depending on how active they are，snacks（零食） are not a bad thing，so the mom should offer good kinds of snacks．"

When it comes to preparing your child's lunch and snacks for school，make sure to keep in mind that the food you provide should not only be a source of energy but also be nutritionally beneficial such as fresh fruits，and whole grain bread．But parents must be sure to remember that a good nutritional diet must be balanced with physical activity，namely it is important that children get outside and run around and play and get activity in addition to eating a good diet．

1. What does the author intend to tell us in the text?

A．Choose healthy food and snacks for your child．

B．Fruits and vegetables are good for your child．

C．Take steps to provide a good lunch for your child．

D．Make various and delicious dishes for your child．

2. According to Charlie Morris we can know that ________.

A．mothers should prepare delicious food by themselves

B．highly processed food should be reduced in daily life

C．sugars and high fat exist in few kinds of food

D．active children prefer more and more snacks

3. Which is NOT true when preparing your child's food for school?

A．The food must provide energy as well as nutrition．

B．Physical exercise is as important as a good diet

C．Running and playing when eating is beneficial．

D．Fruits and whole grain foods should be included．

4. It can be inferred from the text that ________.

A．fresh fruits are often ignored by children

B．a good nutritional diet may cost too much

C．choosing healthy food is linked with income

D．parents play an important role in children's diet

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Did you grow up in one culture, your parents came from another, and you are now living in a     1     (total) different country? If so, then you are a third-culture kid.

The term “third—culture kid”     2     (use) in the 1960s for the first time by Dr. Ruth. She first came across this phenomenon while     3     (research) North American children living in India. In general, third-culture kids benefit from    4     (they) intercultural experience and they often reach excellent academic results.

Yet many       5     (difficulty) may arise from this phenomenon. Third-culture kids may not be able to adapt themselves completely     6     their new surroundings. Also, they often find it hard     7     (develop) new friendship. Additionally, for a third-culture kid, it is often easier to move to a new country     8     to return to his homeland. For example, after living in Australia for many years, Louis finally returned to the country     9     she was born. She didn’t know anything about current TV shows     10     fashion trends. And she didn’t share the same values as other teens of her age.

9 . Accidents happen almost daily. Some accidents are minor and some are serious but others may be fatal. We read about such accidents nearly every day in the newspapers. It is wrong for people to think that accidents occur only on the roads or highways, or even at worksites. Home accidents are just as common. Because very few home accidents are reported, people tend to think that there are few accidents which happen in homes.

There have been many cases where people fall to their deaths from high-rise flats. Children often fall from staircases while coming down the stairs. Old people may slip on wet or slippery floors if they are not careful.

Nowadays there are a lot of modern electrical appliances such as rice-cookers, electric irons, and kettles which make life easy for the modern housewives. These appliances can kill if they are not used in the proper way.

Gas stoves used for cooking are also dangerous if they are not properly handled. They may cause burns or, in more serious cases, they may even cause fires.

But all such accidents can be prevented if we are careful and obey simple rules of safety. For example, it is unwise for people to try repairing their own electrical appliances if they do not know how. It is safer for them to get their faulty appliances repaired by a qualified electrician.

1. Accidents take place_______.

A．mostly in homes	B．mostly on roads and highways
C．mostly on worksites and factories	D．almost everywhere

2. People think accidents happen only on the roads or highways because ______.

A．there are more road accidents

B．many home accidents are not reported in newspapers

C．home accidents are not serious

D．such accidents happen nearly every day

3. Which of the following accidents may NOT happen in homes?

A．People may fall to deaths from high buildings.

B．People may be knocked down by cars on the roads.

C．Gas stoves may cause burns or even fires.

D．People may get a shock from an electrical appliance

4. Which of the following is true about the modern electrical appliances?

A．They help modern housewives a lot.

B．They are very dangerous and should not be used.

C．They are usually safe unless they are used carefully.

D．They are not dangerous even if they are used carelessly.

5. People are advised________.

A．to avoid using electrical appliances

B．to repair their own faulty electrical appliances

C．not to repair their own faulty electrical appliances

D．not to throw away their faulty electrical appliances

10 . “To educate a girl is to educate a thousand people,” says Maimouna Samaké, a mother of six children (including five girls). “If you put one seed in the ground and rain comes, it will grow to produce many seeds.”

Samaké, one of 2,000 residents, lives in a small village, Sounkala, in one of the world’s poorest countries. Now she has a chance to see this wish come true thanks to Build On, an American non-profit organization that is building a school in her community.

For 17 years, build On has been sending American high school students overseas to create schools in places where literacy (文化) and formal education are usually out of reach. The organization has built about 300 schools in Mali, Malawi, Nepal, Senegal, Nicaragua and Haiti. Its goal is to get young Americans in mostly urban areas to get involved in education. At the same time it can bring literacy to children and adults in poor villages in the developing world.

Sounkala’s current school only has about 70 children; mud floors, poor lighting, few desks and an absence of books mean that the school is not the most ideal learning environment. Therefore they certainly could use Build On’s help.

Samaké hasn’t been to school, but she wants a better future for her five daughters, including Ramatou, 12, and Mariam, 10. “When a woman attends school, she will teach what she learns to her children,” said Ramatou, who wants to become a doctor. “She will also know how to take better care of her family.”

Build On tries to build schools for grades one to three. If things go well over those three years, they return to help build another school for grades four to six, and then set up evening adult literacy classes.

Ramatou and Mariam will not learn inside the walls of build On school since they are already in the sixth grade, but Samaké hopes that they will be able to attend evening classes to continue learning.

1. Which of the following aspects of build On is NOT mentioned in the text?

A．Its history.	B．Its goal.
C．Its approach.	D．Its sources of funding.

2. According to the text, build On is most likely to help a school __________.

A．in a village in a developed country

B．in an urban area in a developing country

C．in a rural area in a developing country

D．in an earthquake-stricken area in a developed country

3. What do we know about Samakéand her family?

A．Samaké only has daughters.

B．Samaké is well-educated.

C．Ramatou is a doctor.

D．Mariam is in the sixth grade.

4. The text mainly tells us about __________.

A．people’s education conditions in poor areas

B．a woman’s dream of going to school

C．an organization that helps build schools for people in poor areas

D．build On’s great contributions to education