1 . Hundreds of years ago, Charles Darwin predicted that facial expressions of emotion are universal. If you’ve ever seen an episode of the popular US TV drama Lie To Me, you will really ________ facial expressions. The leading actor of the show, Dr. Cal Lightman has spent 20 years studying nonverbal ________ and facial expressions, which allows him to point out other people’s deceptions (骗术) and on many occasions, to be skilled at deceiving in order to get the truth.

Is there really much truth behind this science of ________ human emotions through involuntary (无意识的) expressions? Paul Ekman, a renowned psychologist whose work focuses on mapping facial expressions, is Lie To Me’s scientific adviser and keeps a blog, where he explains the science behind each episode of the series. The following are some ________ from his blog.

Hand-to-face ________ indicates a lie. (X)

Each micro-expression is unique to ________ specific emotions because they are involuntary and the person is often ________ of doing it. But it doesn’t ________ mean that is lying when someone uses a hand to hide part of his face. The person could be ________ information but you may better consider looking at other more important clues ________ the simple hand-to-face gesture.

A liar refuses eye contact. (X)

People look away when they are thinking carefully and considering each word before it is spoken, not just when they are ________ a story or excuse. Oblique (倾斜的) eyebrows are a very ________ sign of sadness. ________ people can make this movement voluntarily, so it is actually never faked.

Guilty knowledge technique is effective. (√)

Policemen often use the guilty knowledge technique, mentioning something that only the guilty person will know about and show a(n) ________. This is often used in polygraph (测谎) exams: “Was the person stapled, shot or stabbed to death?” Only the killer knows and is likely to show a physiologist ________ when the actual weapon is mentioned.

1.

A．realize

B．recognize

C．understand

D．remind

2.

A．appearances

B．postures

C．communication

D．gestures

3.

A．speaking

B．recognizing

C．indicating

D．noticing

4.

A．explanations

B．concentration

C．impression

D．expressions

5.

A．move

B．action

C．performance

D．gesture

6.

A．signaling

B．sighing

C．signing

D．maintaining

7.

A．clear

B．conscious

C．sure

D．unaware

8.

A．regularly

B．necessarily

C．meaningfully

D．probably

9.

A．holding on

B．holding up

C．holding back

D．holding with

10.

A．better than

B．less than

C．more than

D．rather than

11.

A．making out

B．working out

C．checking up

D．making up

12.

A．preferable

B．inevitable

C．reliable

D．suitable

13.

A．Quite a few

B．Very few

C．A few

D．Only few

14.

A．reaction

B．hesitation

C．impression

D．application

15.

A．stare

B．remark

C．response

D．reminder

2 . Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A scheme was first put forward recently by an expert that certain criminals should be sent to prison in their own home.     1     One very experienced social worker expressed his serious reservation about the scheme in a television interview. When asked to explain why，he thought for a moment and finally confessed "Well, I guess because it's new. That's my only reason.

Advocates of the scheme pointed out that courts frequently sentenced first offenders to community service of some kind rather than send them to prison.    2    Nothing positive was achieved by sending some types of convicted people to prison.

    3    "If a murderer is allowed free in the community like this，what is to prevent him from killing somebody else?" This argument ignored the fact that nobody proposed to allow convicted murderers to use the bracelet system. One criticism put forward was that an offender could take off his bracelet and leave it at home or give it to a friend to wear while he himself went off to commit another crime. The reply to this was that the bracelet would be made so that the computer would immediately detect any attempts to take it off or tamper with it.

A more serious objection to the scheme was that the harsh life of prison was intended to be part of the deterrent to crime. A prisoner who was allowed to live at home would suffer no particular discomfort and thus not be deterred from repeating his crime. No immediate action was taken on the proposal. It was far too revolutionary and needed to be examined very carefully.     4    Several governments appointed experts to investigate the scheme and make recommendations for or against it.

A．The idea, however, was not rejected.

B．They should spend their lives in prison.

C．It met with strong objections.

D．Most of the criminal cases are unpredictable.

E．Some critics rushed to take extreme cases.

F．The shame of having a criminal record was adequate for them.

3 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one .word more than you need.

A. intellectually B. grateful     C. individuals   D. rewarding   E. participants F. awareness     G. amazing     H. physically   I. local            J. civilization       K. reminder

Last week, Special Olympic organizers made sure that all details were included to ensure that the athletes were properly welcomed and taken care of. Never before in the 39-year history of the Special Olympics has there been such a(n)     1     and wonderful opening ceremony. And everywhere in this city, billboards with the smiling faces of the     2     disabled promoted the Games.

Throughout Shanghai, messages of “    3    ”, “humanism,” and “love” were seen everywhere. These statements of hope and achievements were supporting more than 7,500 athletes that participated in this year’s events — with the most representation from China, over 1,200     4    ! Although these hopeful words were positive and encouraging, many mentally challenged     5     were not getting the rare they required.

In many countries, disabled people are neglected and not properly cared for. However, events such as the Special Olympics are raising the     6     of mistreatment and lack of care. In the United States, for example, special training centers and homes exist that help the mentally challenged find jobs in     7     communities. Last year, I volunteered a few hours each week at a facility that cared for mentally disabled people. It was a very     8     experience knowing that my time was making a difference in someone’s life. Although I only spent a short time there, the people were so     9     for the attention and most of all, to be included.

The Special Olympics are a(n)     10     to society that we must take care of those who are less fortunate than ourselves.

4 . America’s businesses are getting older and fatter, while many new businesses are dying in infancy.

A study last month by the Brookings Institution found that the proportion of older firms has grown steadily over several decades, while the survival rate of new companies has fallen. In addition, young people are starting companies at a sharply lower rate than in the past.

A new report from the National Association of Manufacturers shows a major cause: The cost of obeying government regulations has risen to more than $2 trillion (12.26 trillion yuan) annually, or 12 percent of the GDP, and this cost falls disproportionately on smaller, newer businesses.

It’s risky, difficult and expensive to start a business, and getting more so. Governments are imposing various new rules on a seemingly daily basis: health insurance, minimum wage increases and, most recently in California, compulsory paid sick days for even hourly employees. These regulations shift huge social welfare costs directly onto often-struggling small businesses, while being proportionally much less costly for larger companies.

This is partly an unintended issue of resources---established companies can cope with new costs more easily---but it’s also deliberate. For instance, big insurance companies got a seat at the table to help write Obama care, but less politically powerful firms---like medical device manufacturers---got squeezed.

Mature, successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with connections, distribute campaign contributions and even write regulations for themselves. They are also more likely to want to protect steady revenue streams than revolutionize their industry.

Major companies that have been so ill-managed they would otherwise collapse---airlines, car companies and banks---stagger(蹒跚)on because politicians ride to the rescue with bags of taxpayer money.

The genius of our unique system of government is the determination to protect and defend the rights of the individual over the rights of the nation. As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy(寡头政治)that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals.

Income inequality—which is directly caused by faulty government policy---is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. But let’s be perfectly clear, we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids.

Politics is, and always has been, about balancing competing interests seeking to benefit themselves, and that’s as it should be, but the force of government should never be used to reduce competition, kill innovation or support and extend artificial monopolies(垄断)by harming the consumer, the taxpayer and the economy. Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy.

1. We can learn from the passage that___________.

A．over several decades, new companies have grown steadily.

B．mature, successful corporations prefer to maintain their stable incomes.

C．less politically powerful firms also have their voice in making regulations.

D．The cost of obeying government regulations falls equally on all businesses.

2. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that__________.

A．the state economy may depend on those innovative businesses.

B．the rise of a well-connected oligarchy is contrary to American ideals.

C．income inequality is what the government should take action to resolve.

D．the government picks winners and losers through the law of free market.

3. It can be concluded from the passage that___________.

A．big insurance companies have better relationship with Obama.

B．most of the ex-lawmakers work in mature, successful corporations.

C．larger and older firms have a command of resources of various aspects.

D．politicians like providing financial aids to the companies of worse operation.

4. As to the development of smaller businesses, the writer is___________.

A．contented.	B．confident.
C．convinced.	D．concerned.

5 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Ask Helpful Hannah

Dear Helpful Hannah,

I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smartphone a couple of months ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant desire     1     (check) for text messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea    2     there may be an important text. He can’t help     3     (check) even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves     4     any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. The temptation to see     5     is contacting him is just too great. When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop     6     (ignore) me, he says, “In a minute,” but still checks to see if    7     has posted something new on the Internet. Our life     8     (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Maybe this dependency on his smartphone has become more than an everyday problem.

I recently read an article about “nomophobia,”     9     is a real illness people can suffer from: the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness     10     he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.

Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!

Sick and Tired Sadie

6 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. hooked	B. lifeline	C. enroll	D. pull	E. plus	F. exclusively
G. delicate	H. popularized	I. experiment	J. specifically	K. boom

China’s male beauty vloggers go viral as gender attitudes shift

Blushes, eyeshadows and concealers are no longer     1     found in a woman’s cosmetic bag as more and more men in China discover the power of makeup.

The popularity of male beauty vloggers is leading a(n)     2     in China’s male cosmetics market, estimated to grow to a huge $2.4 billion in 2022. It’s also paving the way for more young Chinese men to     3     with gender-bending makeup and clothes, in a culture with a long history of swaggering, masculine stereotypes, and where the trope of the ancient male emperor with multiple wives is still going strong.

Even in 2018, parents can     4    young sons in training camps to teach them to be tough and manly. Single men looking to marry face pressure to fit certain norms – be the breadwinner and own property; multiple houses are a(n)     5    .

The change in gender ideals has been influenced by South Korean pop culture, where male celebrities and boy bands have     6     a softer, effeminate look. With Chinese celebrities and regular boy-next-door types adopting a more     7     appearance, the fad has its own slang – xiaoxianrou, or “little fresh meat.”

Wang Zilu, 22, has used makeup for three years –    8     after realizing how just a little could “change the shape of your eyebrows, the style of your lips”. He learned via other vloggers before starting a social media account to post his own before-and-after videos.

“The first time I put on makeup, it took me an entire afternoon,” he recalled. “The most difficult part was eye shadow – how to mix and match different colors without making it ugly.”

Makeup, for some, has gone from a fun hobby to a profitable     9     –China’s most popular beauty vloggers reportedly can     10     in as much as 10 million yuan a year (£1.2 million).

But even with more young Chinese men trying out a bit of blush, not everyone’s used to it just yet.

7 . As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.

Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.

It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.

In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.

1. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?

A．To reduce pressure on keys.	B．To improve accuracy in typing.
C．To replace the password system.	D．To cut the cost of e-space protection.

2. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?

A．Computers are much easier to operate.

B．Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.

C．Typing patterns vary from person to person.

D．Data security measures are guaranteed.

3. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?

A．It’ll be environment-friendly.	B．It’ll reach consumers soon.
C．It’ll be made of plastics.	D．It’ll help speed up typing.

4. Where is this text most likely from?

A．A diary.

B．A guidebook

C．A novel.

D．A magazine.

8 . Don’t Drop the Ball

Drop prevention risk assessment is really important. Everyone knows objects get dropped on work sites – there’s nothing radical about that. In Australia, mining has the third highest fatality rate of any industry (4.4 fatalities per 100,000 workers in 2015), and in less well-documented areas like India the fatality rate is even higher. A lot of these fatalities come from dropped objects. It’s worth trying to address this and work out just how big the risk is and where it comes from. At the end of the day, safety should be a priority in any industry and it should come as no surprise that addressing safety issues early can actually save money, long-term, for companies. It doesn’t look good for a mining company if people are getting injured and equipment damaged from falling objects.

The risks from dropped objects come from all sorts of areas; it’s not just a matter of dropped tools. We’re talking about sites characterized by a lot of activities, where all sorts of things can come loose or fall, whether its light fittings or objects like rocks falling off transporting belts. The risks are largely personal but are also financial: if a piece of equipment gets damaged it will need replacing. That’s a pretty strong inspiration for companies to address these risks. In terms of frequency, here in Australia we’re looking at around 18% of compensation claims coming from workers being hit by moving objects, but those are just the claims – the frequency is likely higher. Around 28% of deaths and injuries come from such incidents, too. As I said earlier, that’s just Australia; some industries don’t keep statistics, but I wouldn’t be surprised to find other countries report comparable rates. That’s a lot of accidents that could be prevented with adequate safety measures.

It’s important to take an active approach. It’s a lot easier and cheaper to address these risks during the installation or maintenance phases by adding barriers to the inside of guard railings on walkways and transporting systems and adding nets to fixed devices. There are safety mechanisms available, but it’s up to the companies to install them. It is a lot more efficient to add barriers right from the start rather than waiting for an accident and then thinking, “Should we be safer?”, when they should have reduced these risks from the start.

1. Why is drop prevention risk assessment important?

A．People seldom knows the extent of risk.

B．Many bosses consider their reputation.

C．Many deaths are caused by falling objects.

D．Companies need to save a lot of money.

2. What sorts of risks from dropped objects are there in the mining industry?

A．Light devices on the transporting belt.

B．Personal injury and equipment damage.

C．Safety issues and corporate development.

D．Compensation claims and statistics.

3. Which of the following statistical statements is true?

A．The frequency is higher though some industries do not have statistics.

B．Some 46 percent of deaths and injuries resulted from such incidents.

C．Four out of ten people died in incidents like this every year.

D．There have been more incidents in Australia than anywhere else.

4. What is suggested by the author to reduce the risks?

A．To find a security mechanism.	B．To reduce the use of tools.
C．To replace the damaged equipment.	D．To install some security equipment.

9 . As advances in auto-technology have placed a huge number of self-driving machines on our roads and sidewalks, a side product has materialized in recent years: robot-babysitting.

In Phoenix, human attendants will remotely monitor Google’s upcoming Waymo robot-taxis, using the cars cameras to evaluate and adapt to passenger or road challenges. State safety regulations typically require that auto-vehicles be accompanied at all times by humans. These professionals’ job titles range from “robot handler” to “safety driver,” but they have essentially the same responsibilities: monitoring robot behavior for safety and performance, and answering questions about the technology. Broadly speaking, robot-babysitting jobs fall under the umbrella of careers in automation, which include maintenance, engineering, and programming.

However, some observers note that certain kinds of robot-babysitting –-- the kind that is boring and doesn’t require much education –-- can make for thankless work. The safety drivers who sit in self-driving cars have described their roles as“exhausting” and “demanding,” and many told me about the constant pressure to stay vigilant at all times. “It’s incredibly hard to sit in a chair and stare at a computer without doing anything for eight hours,” Ramsey said. “But you do not need a Ph.D. to do it.” In March 2018, the field of robot babysitting took a beating when a self-driving Uber in Tempe, Arizona, hit a 49-year old named Elaine Herzberg. Dashcam footage showed that Rafaela Vasquez, the car’s safety driver, had not been looking at the road when the accident occurred. Investigators are deciding if Vasquez will be charged with murder.

According to the McKinsey Global Institute, 10 million to 800 million jobs globally could be lost to automation by 2030. In the long term, it’s inevitable that robot-babysitters will go the way of elevator operators and lamplighters. But they’ll also birth new robot-related roles.“A huge number of jobs will be created as auto-vehicles are loosed into the environment,” Ramsey said. In 2016, Bosch started training students from Schoolcraft College, a community college in Michigan, in auto-vehicle repair: Toyota has trained students in maintenance as well. “We might even see a return to low-level jobs where people come and fuel the car for you,”Ramsey said. “Until we can wirelessly charge, someone needs to refuel them.” The hardest-to-automate industries, as it happens, are the ones that require looking after humans: childcare, education, health-care aides. Robot babysitters might feel like they have gained the job of the future. But in fact, real babysitters might be better positioned.

1. Robot-babysitting jobs do NOT include _______________.

A．answering the questions about the technique.

B．observing the certain kinds of the robot-babysitter.

C．monitoring the potential problems of the auto-vehicles.

D．maintaining the vehicles which are out of order.

2. The underlined word “vigilant” most probably means “.”

A．grateful

B．suspicious

C．fit

D．alert

3. According to Ramsey, what will happen when auto-vehicles are released into the market?

A．A lot of opportunities will be created.

B．A large number of people will be out of work.

C．Auto-vehicles will become much cheaper.

D．Many people will turn to buying auto-cars.

4. What’s this passage mainly about?

A．The Rise and Fall of Robot Babysitters.

B．The Future of Auto-Vehicles.

C．The Life and Employment of the Future.

D．The Position of Robot Babysitters.

10 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Holding Parents Responsible—An Unfair Punishment

The rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at their parental tasks. To correct the problem, lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time. They hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.

Despite public support for parental responsibility laws, many people think that the laws are unfair. They suggest that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a related fault on the parents’ part. For example, if young teenagers are arrested for drinking alcohol supplied by parents, then parents should be held responsible because they helped the teenagers break the law. People who oppose parental responsibility laws also believe that punishing parents is unlikely to create a change in the kids’ behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid. That lack of control may then lead to more crime.

The unfortunate fact is that jailing a mom or dad punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help feed the family or pay the rent. A parent who is sent to jail for the crimes of a teenager may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, little evidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parents’ ability to control a teenager. The problem is that some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, even if the parents try hard to control them. These struggling parents are not ignoring their parental responsibilities. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situation need help, not a jail sentence.

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