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2 . The good news is that more people bought electric vehicles (EVs) in 2020. The bad news is that sport utility (多用途的) vehicles (SUVs) continued to grow in popularity, too. “The fall in oil consumption due to the first trend was completely canceled out by the second,” said Laura Cozzi, an officer at the International Energy Agency (JEA).
Between 2010 and 2020, global carbon dioxide emissions (排放) from conventional cars fell by nearly 35 billion tons, due to reasons such as fuel efficiency improvements as well as the switch to electric cars. Emissions from SUVs rose by more than 50 billion tons. “While the growth in EVs is encouraging, the boom in SUVs is heart-breaking,” says Peters at the Cicero Climate Research Centre in Norway.
There are many reasons for the growing popularity of SUVs. For example, rising economic boom in many countries means more people are able to afford them. Some people see them as status symbols. Also, SUVs are heavily advertised by car-makers, whose profit is higher on these vehicles. Some countries, including France, have introduced plans under which more taxes are paid on heavier cars. But Peters thinks that people who are rich enough to afford SUVs won’t be deterred by slightly higher taxes. “There are now some electric SUVs available, but I hope one day you will see more electric vehicles brought to the SUV market,” says Peters.
Even if it happens, switching to electric SUVs isn’t a good solution. Due to their size and bigger batteries, it takes more resources to build electric SUVs, and they consume around 15 percent more electricity. That means higher emissions unless the electricity comes entirely from renewable sources, and higher electricity demand makes it harder to green the electricity supply.
1. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?| A．Scientists should devote themselves to improving fuel efficiency. |
| B．The popularity of SUVs destroys some efforts to protect the environment. |
| C．Electric vehicles will certainly take the place of sport utility vehicles. |
| D．The emission of carbon dioxide of motor vehicles has hit a new low. |
| A．Encouraged. | B．Removed. |
| C．Discouraged | D．Connected. |
| A．SUVs are discounted heavily. |
| B．SUVs consume fewer resources than other vehicles. |
| C．SUVs are often advertised by car producers. |
| D．SUVs are taxed at a lower rate in some countries. |
| A．More electric SUVs don’t necessarily mean “environment-friendly” . |
| B．The electric SUVs are a good guarantee for less pollution. |
| C．The electric SUVs should be made smaller and lighter. |
| D．Future electric SUVs will be powered with completely green energy. |
3 . We tend to think of large cities as melting pots — places where people from all sorts of backgrounds can mix and interact. But according to new research, people in big cities tend to primarily interact with other individuals in the same socioeconomic bracket (阶层), but people in small cities and rural areas are much more likely to have diverse interactions.
The researchers used GPS data collected in 2017 from 9.6 million cellphones across 382 metropolitan (大都市的) areas in the United States to determine how often people of different socioeconomic ranks crossed paths during the day — essentially how many times people had the opportunity to interact, even briefly, with someone in a different income bracket. They collected data on almost 1.6 billion path-crossings.
This large amount of extremely precise data allowed the researchers to see what has been missed by similar studies in the past. People living in the 10 most populous metropolitan areas, which include cities like New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago, along with their surrounding areas, were significantly less likely to interact with people of different socioeconomic ranks than people in metropolitan areas with fewer than 100,000 residents.
The good news is that there are ways to build cities to promote more socioeconomic mixing. Looking at large cities, the researchers found that those that placed frequently-visited hubs (中心) in between different neighborhoods — instead of in the center of each neighborhood — were less separated.
“These big cities have managed to develop diverse interactions because the hubs that people visit the most — which turn out to be shopping centers, squares, and similar places — are between rich and poor neighborhoods,” said Hamed Nilforoshan, a doctoral researcher at Stanford University. “Those hubs act as bridges, allowing people to see each other and interact.”
1. What might be a conclusion of the new research?| A．Urban residents interact more. | B．Large cities act as melting pots. |
| C．Urbanization leads to different social ranks. | D．Big cities showcase socioeconomic separation. |
| A．By bridging the income brackets. | B．By studying the frequency of interaction. |
| C．By comparing residents’ behavior patterns. | D．By collecting data on people’s social ranks. |
| A．Position the hubs properly. | B．Construct more shopping centers. |
| C．Control the urban expansion. | D．Design unique residential neighborhoods. |
| A．Income Bracket: What to Do with It? | B．Diverse Interactions Count in Big Cities |
| C．Socioeconomic Separation: How to Fix It? | D．Metropolitan Cities Are Great Melting Pots |
4 . Twenty years ago, the idea of sharing our lives so openly with the world was unheard of. However, for young people today it is considered completely normal to share pictures of their lives and interact online every day. Fans of social media (媒体) point out that the world has never been so connected as it has allowed people to make friends, learn about the world and celebrate life.
However, many people have concerns about the effects of this new way of living, particularly around the amount and type of information that is shared so openly. Recently researchers have found that too much time on social media may have some negative(消极的) effects. They measured people’s attitudes and feelings before and after watching social media sites. They found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they became.
There are a number of reasons for this. When watching social media, people often see photographs and stories showing beautiful holidays, fun parties and modern clothes. People seldom post negative stories or bad pictures, so it can be misleading. For those looking at these pictures and comparing them to their own lives, they can end up feeling upset. They might think their lives are worse in comparison. Even for those people who post positive stories and pictures, they too can feel stressed and worried. The number of “likes” and comments on their posts can make them anxious about their popularity. Of course, there is also the problem of cyberbullying where people are bullied online when others make negative or cruel comments about them.
The reality is that social media is part of modern life and it is not going to go away. This research shows us that it is important to find a balance between our online and offline lives. We don’t have to stay away from the Internet to live a happy life, but we should realize that the pictures we see and the stories we read are only part of a bigger picture. If we can do that, we can protect ourselves and enjoy our lives.
1. What effect does social media have according to the recent research?| A．It makes people share their lives openly. |
| B．It enables people to make more friends on the Internet.’ |
| C．It helps people to have a better knowledge of the world. |
| D．It increases unhappiness for people who use it too much. |
| A．They fear others mislead their posts. |
| B．They fear others have happier lives. |
| C．They fear others may cyberbully them. |
| D．They fear others have more interesting stories. |
| A．By giving causes. | B．By listing numbers. |
| C．By making comparisons. | D．By describing process. |
| A．To persuade people to keep off the Internet. |
| B．To describe the threats caused by social media. |
| C．To advise us to balance online and offline lives. |
| D．To introduce the convenience created by social media. |
Many parents don’t know how much exercise their children need to do every day to stay
The Youth Sport Trust leader, Ali Oliver said, “We have seen a drop in young people’s physical activity in recent
Meanwhile, figures from Sport England show only 17.5% of children are doing sports continuously. There is also a
This week thousands of people will get together
6 . We see hundreds of logos on signs, vehicles, websites, and even on the clothes we are dressed in. All these logos are intended to attract our attention.
Researchers gave 85 students a simple assignment to draw the logo of a famous company from memory. Surprisingly, only one student could make it.
Logos are typically designed to be simple and easy to recognize with a quick glance. Yet the frequent exposure to these logos can actually make our brains overlook them. This process is known as attention saturation (注意力饱和)
Nowadays, logos are everywhere. A fancy design or a thoughtful (体贴的) colour combination may be a good start for a logo concept , but there are some other things to consider.
| A．When we see some logos over and over again, |
| B．People will know the product behind the logo. |
| C．This may be inspiring to logo designers. |
| D．So why is it so difficult for people to recall the details? |
| E．They also help us remember a product or service connected with them. |
| F．Our brains actually signal us to ignore information we don’t think we will need to remember. |
| G．Logo designers need to know that people will only remember what they believe is worthwhile. |
High school years are a large part in shaping
Peer pressure is the influence from members of one’s peer group. This can include influencing another to drink, smoke, cheat on a test, lie, skip class, and etc. The list is
Despite the fact that peer pressure is most commonly seen as a very negative issue, it can
The buzzwords “brittle college students” has exploded on social media, with a great deal of comments
The “2020 China University Students Health Survey Report” published by China Youth Daily pointed out that
In addition
9 . When plates are set on the table, phones, rather than forks, are at the ready. At this point in our social media entanglement (纠缠), the fact that the camera eats first is pretty much a given. Sure, some chefs, including Michelin rated star chefs, express their displeasure at this, but efforts to make the table a screen-free domain have mostly fallen flat.
New research from Aston University has found that people are indeed influenced by the food photos that their friends post on social media. For example, for every serving of fruits and vegetables that a person thinks their friends are eating, they’ll eat one-fifth of a serving more. This number makes more sense within the context of the recommended “five a day”, meaning someone who’s being influenced would make a point of eating six portions of fruits or vegetables. Similarly, for every three portions of junk food that a person sees friends consuming on social media, they’ll eat an extra one.
The researchers have also suggested that social media can be very beneficial when it comes to people’s choices of food and their diets. Study supervisors Dr. Jason Thomas said, “The implication is that we can use social media as a tool to encourage each other’s eating choice within friendship groups, and use this knowledge as a tool for public health interventions.”
Actually, the daily food situation is somewhat different from everything else posted on social media. People also desire to copy what they see but they need good social media literacy skills in order to grasp what’s realistic and what’s absurd. It is necessary to avoid the fake perfection of social media.
It gets boring trying to figure out what to eat three times a day, week after week, so no wonder people want to take the path of least resistance and eat what their friends are eating. Unfortunately, most of what gets posted is the more time-consuming recipes or the attractively styled restaurant meals. By all means, keep your antennae (触角) out for new ideas, but gather them from food magazines, cookbooks, store flyers, reliable cooking websites, and recommended recipes from friends and family.
1. What phenomenon is talked about in Para.1?| A．The influence of social media on people’s diet. |
| B．People’s taking photos of food before eating. |
| C．Chefs’ efforts to make the table screen-free. |
| D．The pursuit of dining in fancy restaurant. |
| A．They’ll copy what their friends do. |
| B．They’ll take junk food more seriously. |
| C．They’ll consume more than their friends. |
| D．They’ll care more about their friends’ eating habits. |
| A．Positive. | B．Doubtful. | C．Concerned. | D．Unclear. |
| A．Point out the unreality of social media. |
| B．Call on people to enrich their knowledge in cooking. |
| C．Introduce the general classification of food posted online. |
| D．Encourage people to broaden their sources of food inspiration. |
10 . In 2020, Pink launched the world Regret Survey, the largest survey on the topic ever undertaken. With his research team, Pink asked more than 15, 000 people in 105 countries, “How often do you look back on your life and wish you had done things differently?” Most of them said regret was at least an occasional part of their life. Roughly 21 percent said they felt regretful all the time. Only 1 percent said they never felt regretful.
If you are of the “no regrets” school of life, you may think that all this regret is a recipe for unhappiness. But that isn’t the case. Letting yourself be overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to the other extreme maybe even worse. To extinguish your regrets doesn’t free you from shame or sadness but causes you to make the same mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regret in its proper place.
Uncomfortable as it is, regret is an amazing cognitive (认知的) feat. It requires that you go back to a past scene. Imagine that you acted differently to change it, and with that new scene in mind, arrive at a different present — and then, compare that fictional present with the one you are experiencing in reality. Not all regrets are the same, of course. Pink says they come in four basic varieties, and an instance of regret may involve just one combination.
Many connection regrets overlap (重叠) with moral regrets, which can come about after you go against your own values. For example, you may pride yourself on being a loving person, and thus regret not living up to this image in the relationship you harmed. Moral regrets can also involve (涉及) just yourself. Maybe you regret not living up to your commitment (承诺、保证) to your health when you ate a whole pizza or skipped the gym.
If not analyzed and managed, any variety of regret can be harmful to your health. Regret is linked to depression and anxiety, and excessive regret can have a bad effect on your immune system. But regret doesn’t have to be put aside and ignored.
1. What could be concluded from Pink’s research ?| A．Half of the people felt regretful. |
| B．Most people lived without regrets. |
| C．None could live a life without regrets. |
| D．The majority of the people had regrets. |
| A．Admit. | B．Destroy. | C．Treasure. | D．Advance. |
| A．The harm of moral regrets. |
| B．The importance of commitment. |
| C．The relationship between regrets and values. |
| D．The connection between reality and imagination. |
| A．Types of regrets. | B．Causes of regrets. |
| C．Benefits of experiencing regrets. | D．Ways of dealing with regrets. |
